Physiological Characteristics of Lactic Acid Bacteria Near the Maximum Growth Temperature: II. Studies on Respiration.
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Journal Article↗
Biomedical subjects
R M Stern
Publications and source records attributed to R M Stern.
Magnetic resonance images in a case of "divergence paralysis".
The clinical syndrome of divergence paralysis has been described since the mid 19th century. Speculation still surrounds the possible existence of an anatomical center for divergence function. Our report explores this possibility and describes the magnetic resonance images of a patient with a unilateral 6th nerve palsy who later developed the clinical picture of divergence paralysis.
Abducens Nerve↗
Assessment of risk of lung cancer for welders.
Certain welding fumes contain significant amounts of chromium, manganese, and nickel, and trace amounts of arsenic and lead. These metals exhibit mutagenicity in one or more in vitro bioassays, and several are strongly suspected human carcinogens, albeit in unknown forms. It might, therefore, be expected that welders experience an excess risk of respiratory tract cancer because of their occupation. A survey of the world literature has disclosed 22 epidemiological studies of cancer incidence among welders, 16 of which yield a total of 586 cases of lung cancer observed, based on approximately 600,000 man-years at risk; a risk ratio of less than unity was excluded within 95% confidence limits for 5 of these studies. A risk ratio of 1.3 was not excluded in any study. Although there may be many possible origins to the excess risk, if welders of stainless steels suffer an "equivalent lung cancer risk" to that of chromate workers because of their equivalent chromium (VI) exposure, then a resulting three-fold risk ratio for 10% of all welders engaged in stainless steel welding would account for the total over-incidence experienced by the entire occupational group.
Adult↗
Thoracic magnetic dust content, occupational exposure, and respiratory status of shipyard welders.
The net thoracic magnetic moment of 58 highly exposed nonsmoking shipyard welders and 13 unexposed nonsmoking electricians was measured with an alternating current susceptibility bridge. The welding cohort exhibits a thorax magnetic moment, which on the average is less diamagnetic than that of the controls. This shift is consistent with a median lung burden of 110 mg Fe3O4, or 220 mg of the welding fumes characteristic for shipyard exposures. Among welders with 5+ yr of exposure, there is a slight but statistically significant correlation (r = 0.49) (p less than .0001) between inferred lung burden and lifetime occupational exposure. Although chronic bronchitis incidence and average lung function parameter values of the welders are different from those of the nonexposed cohort, respiratory status does not correlate further with either self-reported exposure or measured lung retention.
Adult↗
Effect of autonomic nervous system manipulations on gastric myoelectrical activity and emotional responses in healthy human subjects.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the gastric myoelectrical and emotional responses provoked by two psychophysiological stimuli known to cause in one case increased sympathetic nervous system activity and in the other increased parasympathetic nervous system activity. METHODS: Electrogastrograms (EGGs) were recorded, and interbeat intervals (IBIs) were obtained from electrocardiographic recordings from 20 subjects during baseline and in response to a shock avoidance task (shock stimulus) and forehead cooling (dive stimulus). After each experimental period, subjects reported their emotional experience by rating descriptors ranging from serenity to excitement. RESULTS: During the shock stimulus, IBIs decreased significantly (p < .05), gastric tachyarrhythmias increased (p < .05), and emotional arousal increased, as indexed by reports of increased interest, excitement, and activation. In contrast, during the dive stimulus, IBIs increased (p < .05), but there were no associated changes in gastric myoelectrical activity or emotional arousal. CONCLUSIONS: Acute stress can evoke arousal and dysrhythmic gastric myoelectrical activity, and these acute changes, which occur in healthy individuals, may provide insight into functional gastrointestinal disorders.
Adult↗
Asian hypersusceptibility to motion sickness.
A rotating optokinetic drum was used in three laboratory studies to test the hypothesis that Asian subjects are hypersusceptible to motion sickness. The results of the first study showed that Chinese women compared to European-American and African-American women experienced significantly more severe symptoms of motion sickness and greater disturbance of normal gastric myoelectric activity. A second study yielded similar results using American-born children of Asian parents. The results of a third study using Chinese men and women were similar and showed a significant increase in vasopressin during rotation. Possible genetic mechanisms that may account for these results are discussed.
Adolescent↗
Sonometric evaluation of eustachian tube function using broadband stimuli.
New measurements of acoustical transmission through the eustachian tube (ET) have been obtained in a series of experiments directed toward the development of a clinical instrument to assess ET function behind an intact tympanic membrane (TM). Using a sound conduction method, a sound source was placed in one nostril, and the acoustical energy that was transmitted through the ET was measured by a microphone placed in the ear canal. The present study used a broadband noise as the acoustical stimulus, in contrast to the tonal stimuli employed in previous investigations. This stimulus was chosen because it is believed to reduce the variability in the data due to intersubject differences in the acoustics of the nasopharynx and ET, and to avoid any a priori assumptions concerning the specific frequencies that would be of greatest diagnostic significance. Averaged spectra of the sound transmitted to the ear canal were obtained for three experimental conditions: acoustical source present during subject swallowing, source present with no swallowing, and subject swallowing with source absent. A Bayesian classification scheme based on the statistics of these spectra was used in classifying subjects into one of two possible categories, normal and abnormal ET function. A comparison was made between sonometric classification and classification based on a tympanometric ET function test. Correlation between the two methods was 87.1%.
Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
Acupressure relieves the symptoms of motion sickness and reduces abnormal gastric activity.
CONTEXT: Acupuncture at the P6 or Neiguan point to treat nausea and vomiting has been practiced in China for many years. More recently, acupressure at P6 has been used successfully to decrease the symptoms of pregnancy sickness and with mixed results to decrease motion sickness. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether an Acuband, a commercially available acupressure wristband, would relieve the symptoms of motion sickness. METHOD: 25 healthy subjects, aged 18 to 22 years, prescreened for susceptibility to motion sickness, were tested on 3 separate occasions in a rotating optokinetic drum with the following conditions: wearing an Acuband on the wrist, wearing an Acuband on the arm, and wearing no Acuband. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Subjective symptoms of motion sickness and abnormal gastric activity, as recorded via electrogastrography, were obtained throughout the procedure. RESULTS: Subjects reported significantly fewer symptoms of motion sickness on days when wearing the Acuband on the wrist or the arm than they did on control days (when they wore no Acuband). Subjects also showed less abnormal gastric activity on the days when wearing an Acuband than they did on control days. CONCLUSION: An Acuband worn on the wrist or forearm decreases the symptoms of motion sickness and the gastric activity that usually accompanies motion sickness.
Acupressure↗