Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R M Stein

Publications and source records attributed to R M Stein.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Evaluation of corneal topography: past, present and future trends.

The keratometer and photokeratoscope have long been the standard instruments for measuring corneal curvature. The recent development of computer-assisted photokeratoscopy has greatly enhanced the evaluation of corneal topography, helping improve our understanding of both normal and abnormal topography and their influence on visual acuity. The authors review normal corneal topography and compare various tools, both new and old, currently available for evaluating corneal contour. Case studies are presented to illustrate some of the clinical and research applications of computer-assisted photokeratoscopy in an ophthalmology practice. Future applications of computer-assisted photokeratoscopy include intraoperative topography, the design of custom-fitted contact lenses and combination with ray-tracing analysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Bilateral malignant glaucoma.

Two cases of bilateral malignant glaucoma are presented. In one case the condition developed sequentially in the two eyes; pars plana vitrectomy was eventually needed in the operated eye, whereas the condition responded to medical treatment in the fellow eye. In the second case the two eyes were involved simultaneously nearly 1 year after surgery, and the glaucoma responded to medical treatment.

Female↗
PubMed1990

Central airway obstruction due to cytomegalovirus-induced necrotizing tracheitis in a patient with AIDS.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) can present as either disseminated disease, pneumonitis, retinitis, gastroenteritis, neuropathy, or a subclinical infection. We report a patient whose initial manifestation of CMV infection was severe central airways obstruction due to necrotizing tracheitis. At bronchoscopy, the lesion appeared deeply ulcerated, distinctly different from previously described airway lesions in patients with AIDS. Mucosal biopsies showed characteristic intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusions and cultures yielded only CMV. The patient responded partially to ganciclovir, steroids, and antibiotics against suspected anaerobic superinfection but died as a result of central nervous system disease believed due to toxoplasmosis or lymphoma. CMV infection of the upper airway should be considered in the patient with AIDS presenting with atypical cough or stridor and ulcerated endobronchial lesions.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

Cystic lymphoepithelial lesion of the pancreas.

A rare lymphoepithelial lesion of the pancreas was discovered incidentally at autopsy. This lesion is composed of epithelial-lined cystic spaces encompassed by lymphoid stroma, similar to lesions reported in the salivary glands. Review of the literature revealed only three similar cases. This lesion should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic cysts.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Infected vs sterile corneal infiltrates in contact lens wearers.

We examined 50 patients to determine whether differences exist between the initial clinical signs and symptoms associated with infected vs sterile corneal infiltrates. A detailed history regarding contact lens use and ocular symptoms was taken, after which a careful slit-lamp examination was performed. The ocular findings were correlated with the results of corneal cultures. Increased pain (P less than .001), discharge (P less than .0001), epithelial staining (P less than .0001), and anterior chamber reaction (P less than .0001) were associated with infected ulcers. Sterile infiltrates were usually smaller; multiple or arcuate; and without significant pain, epithelial staining, or anterior chamber reaction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Penetrating keratoplasty for pseudophakic bullous keratopathy. Management of the intraocular lens.

Management of the intraocular lens (IOL) at the time of penetrating keratoplasty (PK) for pseudophakic bullous keratopathy has been based on lens-related factors and coexisting anterior segment abnormalities. The authors reviewed the results of PK for 102 cases of pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (43 anterior chamber, 50 iris-supported, and 9 posterior chamber) with respect to: (1) the type of IOL, (2) coexisting abnormalities, and (3) management of the IOL at surgery. Graft failure after 2 years of follow-up was: (1) retained iris-supported IOLs, 9%; (2) retained anterior chamber IOLs, 60%; (3) retained posterior chamber intraocular lenses (PC IOL), 0%; (4) removed IOLs, 9%; and (5) exchanged IOLs, 20%. After 5 years of follow-up, 13 of 13 PKs with retained closed-loop anterior chamber IOLs had failed. Visual results were best in eyes with retained iris-supported, rigid anterior chamber or PC IOLs and when the IOL was removed without replacement. The authors recommend that closed-loop anterior chamber lenses and unstable lenses of any type be removed or exchanged and that well-fixated PC IOLs and iris-clip IOLs be retained at the time of PK for pseudophakic bullous keratopathy.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Comparison of chondroitin sulfate to McCarey-Kaufman medium for corneal storage.

We compared endothelial preservation of paired corneas by scanning electron microscopy after storage in McCarey-Kaufman medium for two or three days to 2.5% chondroitin sulfate (K-Sol) for seven or ten days. One cornea from each of ten pairs of eyes was placed in McCarey-Kaufman medium and the opposite cornea was placed in K-Sol medium. We judged cellular preservation in a masked manner from the electron micrographs according to a morphologic grading system. We found no difference in endothelial structure between the two groups of corneas.

Cell Survival↗
PubMed1987

Parathyroid variants: US evaluation.

High-resolution (10-MHz) ultrasonography was performed in 181 patients with primary or secondary hyperparathyroidism during a 4-year period and evaluated retrospectively. Thirty-seven unusual-appearing parathyroid tumors were found among 235 parathyroid glands identified as abnormal. There was pathologic correlation in 36. The typical appearance of parathyroid adenoma was that of an oval hypoechoic or anechoic lesion in the neck, aligned in a craniocaudal direction and often posterior to the thyroid. Morphologic variations from the norm included giant size (n = 11) (4.6%), cystic changes in a solid tumor (n = 9) (3.8%), calcified glands (n = 6[in three patients]) (2.5%), a multilobulated configuration (n = 5) (2.1%), an inhomogeneous pattern (n = 5) (2.1%), and a parathyroid cyst (n = 1) (0.4%). Recognizing the abnormal parathyroid variants can increase the diagnostic accuracy of sonographic examination.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1987

Silver nitrate injury to the cornea.

We describe a 42-year-old woman who suffered a corneal injury following the application of a silver nitrate stick to her lid for hemostasis after a chalazion had been incised and drained. Nine months later there were greenish-yellow deposits in the deep stroma that accounted for a persistent decrease in vision. Physicians should be aware of the potential for ocular injury with the use of silver nitrate applicator sticks.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Chondroitin sulfate for corneal preservation at 4 degrees C. Evaluation by electron microscopy.

We tested three new corneal preservation media in which the dextran in McCarey-Kaufman (M-K) medium was replaced by three preparations of chondroitin sulfate (CS): 1.5% CS, 5.0% CS, and 2.0% modified CS (K-Sol). One cornea from each of 36 pairs of corneas was placed in M-K medium and the opposite cornea was placed in one of the CS media. Endothelial preservation was evaluated by electron microscopy after storage at 4 degrees C for 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14 days. We judged cellular preservation in a masked manner from the electron micrographs according to a morphologic grading system. Preservation in 1.5% CS solution was similar to that in M-K medium. Both 5.0% CS and K-Sol gave better endothelial preservation than M-K medium. The best preservation appeared to be in K-Sol, in which only 3% of the endothelial cells were disrupted after 14 days of storage at 4 degrees C.

Chondroitin↗
PubMed1985

Moraxella nonliquefaciens endophthalmitis after trabeculectomy.

Endophthalmitis caused by Moraxella nonliquefaciens developed five years after trabeculectomy in a 67-year-old man and 15 months after trabeculectomy in a 62-year-old women. Symptoms in both cases included pain, inflammation, and decreased visual acuity. Aggressive treatment with antibiotics and corticosteroids led to resolution within a few days.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Isolation of a plasma membrane-enriched fraction from collagenase-suspended rachitic rat growth plate chondrocytes.

An attempt was made to concentrate plasma membranes of homogenized chondrocytes isolated by collagenase digestion of rachitic rat epiphyseal growth plate cartilage. This study reports the characterization of enzymes in the plasma membrane of isolated chondrocytes and their comparison with extracellular matrix vesicle components. The plasma membrane-enriched fractions that were obtained showed a sevenfold increase in 5'-nucleotidase and a 15-fold increase in alkaline phosphatase, both of which are regarded as plasma membrane markers. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic profiles of proteins extracted from membrane fractions contained several major protein bands also seen in isolated matrix vesicles. These studies indicate the usefulness of concentrating plasma membrane components from isolated chondrocytes, after the chondrocytes have been enzymatically freed from investing matrix and other stromal components by collagenase.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗