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Biomedical subjects

R M Scott

Publications and source records attributed to R M Scott.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Maternal carrier rates of potentially pathogenic organisms in Bangkok, Thailand.

One hundred and four healthy women delivering infants at the Royal Thai Army Hospital, Bangkok, were sampled by rectal swab for the laboratory isolation and identification of enteric bacteria of medical importance. Seventeen percent of these women had significant isolates as Salmonella, Shigella and Vibrio species. Serotypically enteropathogenic Escherichia coli were also identified in 31% of the mothers.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1980

Solitary osteochondroma of T4 with thoracic cord compression.

A patient with a solitary osteochondroma of T4 presented with a five-year history of back pain and progressive paraparesis. Conventional and computed tomography delineated the tumor, which was totally removed via a thoracic laminectomy. Osteochondroma is an unusual cause of spinal cord compression.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Pain control in advanced and recurrent head and neck cancer.

The treatment of head and neck cancer patients with persistent severe pain often requires a multidisciplinary approach. Accurate documentation of pain frequency, intensity, and location must precede therapy. Medical regimens, as with methadone and Dexedrine, are often effective and should be tried first. If pain is in the trigeminal nerve distribution, local nerve block procedures may provide additional relief. Patients with intractable pain even after medical and nerve block procedures should be considered for a neurosurgical procedure. Percutaneous radiofrequency thermocoagulation of the trigeminal and glossopharyngeal nerves offers low risk, effective pain control in debilitated cancer patients.

Dextroamphetamine↗
PubMed1979

Carotid endarterectomy in the presence of contralateral carotid occlusion: the role of EEG and intraluminal shunting.

Patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy in the presence of occlusion of the contralateral carotid artery appear at greater risk for operative-related stroke or death. We had experience with 37 such patients in a five-year period. Routine intraluminal shunting without EEG monitoring was used in nine patients. Twenty-eight patients had continuous EEG monitoring during surgery. Of this group, 12 patients required intraluminal shunting based on intraoperative EEG criteria. In the early postoperative period, there was one death, and there were no instances of new, fixed neurological deficits. Life table analysis shows that 80% of the patients are neurologically stable in the five-year follow-up period. Electroencephalographic monitoring proved valuable in the detection of patients requiring intraluminal shunting, in the occasional recognition of poorly functioning shunts, and in the determination of the importance of alterations in blood pressure or cardiac rhythm on cerebral blood flow.

Arterial Occlusive Diseases↗
PubMed1979

Radiation management of carcinoma of the cervical stump.

In spite of a low incidence of carcinoma of the cervical stump at the present time, the management of this interesting disease deserves special attention because of the success which can be obtained with proper treatment. We have reviewed our cervical stump cases treated at the University of Maryland Hospital, Department of Radiation Therapy, from 1962 to 1973. Of 107 cases treated, only 100 cases were "true cases" of carcinoma of the stump and were eligible for this study. 7 cases were excluded from the study because they were probably coincidental carcinomas and were treated soon after subtotal hysterectomy. The lesions were staged according to the FIGO system. 93 cases (93%) were invasive squamous cell carcinoma, 6 cases (6%) adenocarcinoma and 1 case (1%) transitional cell carcinoma. Of 100 cases with a minimum 5 year follow-up, the absolute 5-year cure rate for various clinical stages is as follows: Stage I 83.3% (20/24); Stage IIA 75.0% (9/12); Stage IIB 62.5% (20/32); Stage IIIA 50% (1/2); Stage IIIB 48% (12/25); Stage IV 20% (1/5). The overall absolute 5-year cure rate for all stages combined is 63% (63/100) compatible with a series reported by M.D. Anderson. A better result in Stage IIIB as compared to several previous reports is thought to be due to extensive and aggressive interstitial radium therapy properly combined with external supervoltage irradiation. Techniques of treatment stage by stage including computerized dosimetry will be discussed along with complications and failures.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Rapid detection of dengue viral antigens by counterimmunoelectrophoresis.

Counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) was applied to detect dengue viral antigen in an experimental system and in clinical situations. In the experimental system, all four types of dengue viruses (dengue 1 to 4) were detected when tested against rabbit hyperimmune sera. With homologous antibody, antigen could be detected when hemagglutinating titer was as low as 1:20. In clinical situations, 67% of the sera of patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever collected on day 4 after onset of fever were positive by CIE. Antigens could be detected most frequently from day 4 to day 7. In 11% of the cases, antigens were found to persist as long as 38 days. Validity of this detection was confirmed in some cases by immunologic methods. Virtues of CIE are its technical simplicity, rapidity, and economy.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1979

Computed tomography of spinal fractures.

Computed tomography (CT) has aided significantly in the diagnosis and management of spinal fractures. The examination is easy, relatively quick, and avoids potentially harmful manipulation. The diagnostic advantages of CT include precise anatomic delineation and indication of extent of fractures, assessment of spinal stenosis, and demonstration of associated peraspinal lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Effect of immune status on dengue 2 virus replication in cultured leukocytes from infants and children.

Cord blood leukocytes from neonates with maternal dengue antibody supported dengue 2 virus replication in vitro; those from neonates without maternal antibody did not. Cord bloods of infants born to dengue-immune mothers contained a potent enhancing factor which gradually decayed with age and which was absent from neonates born to nonimmune mothers. Permissiveness of cultures of washed peripheral blood leukocytes from infants with maternal antibody declined steadily with increasing age in parallel with the decay of maternal antibody, and the leukocytes were no longer permissive after 10 to 12 months. The demonstration of a dengue maternal infection-enhancing factor in human cord blood from dengue-immune mothers supports the hypothesis that severe primary dengue hemorrhagic fever with shock seen in Bangkok infants is related to maternal immune status.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

Radiation therapy in bronchogenic carcinoma.

Response of intrathoracic symptoms to thoracic irradiation was evaluated in 330 patients. Superior vena caval syndrome and hemoptysis showed the best response, with rates of 86% and 83%, respectively, compared to 73% for pain in the shoulder and arm and 60% for dyspnea and chest pain. Atelectasis showed re-expansion in only 23% of cases, but this figure increased to 57% for patients with oat-cell carcinoma. Vocal cord paralysis improved in only 6% of cases. Radiation therapy has a definite positive role in providing symptomatic relief for patients with carcinoma of the lung.

Carcinoma, Bronchogenic↗
PubMed1979

Absence of leukocytes permissive to dengue 2 virus in the acute phase of dengue hemorrhagic fever.

Patients with primary dengue infection developed dengue 2 virus (D2V) permissive peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) 2--3 weeks after infection. PBL from healthy individuals with dengue antibody were permissive to D2V in vitro, suggesting that immunologically mediated in vitro D2V permissiveness persists for a relatively long time after recovery from dengue infection. However, PBL obtained from second infection dengue hemorrhagic fever patients did not support D2V growth during the acute phase of illness but did so during convalescence. Leukocytes from dengue-immune patients with typhoid fever or non-dengue viral illness were permissive throughout both acute and convalescent phases of illness although there was tendency for increased permissiveness during convalescence. Acute phase PBL from DHF patients synthesized and secreted dengue neutralizing antibody in culture. Absence of D2V replication in these cultures was strongly, but not completely, correlated with antibody production. Other immunological mechanisms, in addition to antibody, may be operating in vitro or in vivo during acute phase dengue hemorrhagic fever to alter the permissiveness of PBL to D2V infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Radiation treatment of primary carcinoma of the female urethra.

Because of the rarity of the primary carcinoma of the female urethra, there has been limited experience of individual institutions in management of this disease. Treatment by radiation alone required radium implant skill in early cases and individualized consideration for integrating external and internal irradiation in more advanced cases. From 1961 to 1975 a total of 16 women with histologically verified primary urethral carcinoma were given radiation treatment at the University of Maryland Hospital. Six of 16 patients were primarily treated for palliation only and 10 were receiving curative radiation treatment. The results show an excellent local control in anterior urethral disease (3/3), entire urethral disease (2/3) and urethral disease with involvement of vulva and/or vagina (3/3). Bladder neck, parametrial, inguinal lymph node, or paraortic involvement represents a poor prognosis and failure is close to 100%. Eight of 10 patients who were treated with aggressive radium alone or combination of external irradiation and interstitial therapy show complete control of disease (80%). Total dosage between 5500 to 6500 rad appears to be adequate to control the disease. Palliative treatment by irradiation alone can only offer a short term symptom-free result, and should be considered as an occasional alternative modality of choice.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1978

Obstructive hydrocephalus secondary to an ectatic basilar artery.

A 57 year-old white hypertensive male presented with a five-month history of progressive dementia and a clinical picture suggestive of normal pressure hydrocephalus. A CT scan and vertebral angiogram demonstrated an ectatic basilar artery obstructing the posterior third ventricle; the resulting hydrocephalus was relieved by a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt and the patient's symptoms resolved completely.

Basilar Artery↗