Cancer among blacks in the United States--recognizing the problem.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to R M Moore.
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If written consent forms are to be used--their use normally is not mandatory--care should be taken that their use is proper and, hence, beneficial. To be of benefit to the physician, the consent forms must help him in meeting his duty to inform the patient or in protecting him from a patient's claim that his was not an informed consent (or both). Consent forms are of no benefit to the physician or the patient if they are worded poorly or put to poor use. Suggestions are provided to help the physician in considering his or her use of written consent forms.
Occupational lead poisoning and environmental contamination were evaluated at a lead scrap smelter. Thirty of 37 employees (81 per cent) has blood lead levels of greater than or equal to 80 mug/100 ml, indicating unacceptable absorption, and 35 had free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP) levels greater than 60mug/100ml rbc, indicating toxicity of lead on heme metabolism in red blood cells; eight current and previous employees had been hospitalized with lead colic, and another with encephalopathy. Levels of lead in surface soil (1,800 ppm) and vegetation (20,000 ppm) at the smelter were high and decreased with distance. Animals on nearby pasture had died, and lead levels in the blood, milk, and hair of large and small animals were elevated. Adults living within 100 meters of the smelter had higher blood and hair lead levels than controls, who lived at greater distances, but there was no evidence in them of lead toxicity.
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Despite the availability of effective control measures, simian tuberculosis continues to be a major colony management problem. In 1972, 909 cases of simian tuberculosis were reported to the Center for Disease Control. Most of the cases (838) were in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). The attack rate was higher for animals conditioned by commercial importers prior to sale (6.6%) than for animals received shortly after importation without conditioning (1.2%) . Failure to apply control measures effectively and consistently both in trade channels and at the user level is a significant factor in peptuation of the problem.
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A compilation of reports of biological effects and related ultrasound exposure levels can be useful in the identification of trends in effects data that may be developing in the literature. The exposures in the experiments reviewed were at frequencies used in medicine. For short (10 minutes or less) continuous wave exposure, with the exception of behavioral effects where variable results have been observed, this tabulation did not identify any in vivo or in vitro effects at spatial peak, temporal average (SPTA) intensities less than 100 mW/cm2. However, a number of effects using pulsed sources with SPTA intensities under this level have been reported. There are several frequently recurring topics in recent reports which include developmental effects and microstructure changes at the cellular level. In addition to animal investigations, there are some limited human epidemiological studies reporting an association between medical ultrasound exposure in utero and developmental effects. Although sufficient research has not been completed to draw conclusions, the findings deserve further investigation. A systematic pattern of directed research on a large scale is not apparent. The available data consist of many scattered studies conducted by individual investigators and groups throughout the world.