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Biomedical subjects

R M Mackie

Publications and source records attributed to R M Mackie.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Assessment of an anti-T-cell receptor variable region antibody panel in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.

Using a panel of seven commercially available monoclonal antibodies directed against specific sites of the T-cell receptor variable region, we have studied the staining patterns in 15 biopsies from 11 patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), and in five patients with benign lymphocytic infiltrates. Eight of the 11 patients with CTCL showed staining of the majority of lymphocytes with either V beta 8 alone (n = 3), V beta 12 alone (n = 2) or with both V beta 8 and V beta 12 (n = 3). None of the biopsies from patients with benign dermatoses showed staining of the majority of lymphocytes with any of the antibodies.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1993

The suitability of SunCheck patches and Tanscan cards for monitoring the sunburning effectiveness of sunlight.

UV-sensitive products which undergo a colour change on exposure to UV radiation are available for use by the general public. We have evaluated SunCheck patches of various sensitivities, and Tanscan UV sensor cards, in terms of their temperature stability, wavelength response and response to sunlight. The products exhibited no perceptible colour change when the temperature was maintained at 45 degrees C for 4 hours; on exposure to monochromatic radiation, the sensitivity peaked at a wavelength of 335 and 355 nm for SunCheck and Tanscan, respectively; the response to sunlight under clear conditions was reasonably consistent, with the coefficient of variation for each type of material ranging between 12.5 and 27%. These products are based on the incorrect concept that there is a 'safe' dose of UV radiation. Thus, they cannot be recommended to the public as a reliable way of reducing the risk of skin cancer.

Dermatology↗
PubMed1993

Cutaneous lymphadenoma: a case report and review of the literature.

We report a case of cutaneous lymphadenoma, a tumour first described by Santa Cruz and Barr under the name of 'lymphoepithelial tumour'. Twenty-three cases have been reported to date. The commonest site is the head and neck, and it is most commonly diagnosed in the fourth and fifth decades. The usual clinical diagnosis is basal cell carcinoma. To date, no recurrences have been observed after local excision. The tumour is composed of dermal lobules with a biphasic pattern of epithelial and lymphoid cells. It has been suggested that it arises as a result of faulty interaction between lymphocytes and epithelial cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Plantar malignant melanoma in a white Caucasian population.

Fifty-one white Caucasian patients from the west of Scotland, with stage I primary malignant melanoma arising on the plantar surface were studied. Subungual lesions were excluded from the study. Clinical and pathological features were related to survival, and compared with a group of 239 cases of clinical stage 1 melanoma of the lower limb, excluding the foot, collected in the same geographical area over the same period of time (1979-84). The average age of patients with plantar melanoma was 67 years and was significantly older than those with leg melanomas, in whom the mean age was 53 years. Twenty patients with plantar lesions had superficial spreading melanomas, 27 had acral lentiginous melanomas, and four had nodular lesions. The female:male ratio was 3:2 which was significantly different from the 7:1 female:male ratio for leg lesions. Plantar melanomas were more commonly ulcerated (57%) than were melanomas on the leg (29%) [P < 0.001]. There was no significant difference between the mean thickness of melanomas on the plantar surface and those on the leg. Nine (17%) of the patients with plantar melanomas gave a clinical history of pre-existing naevus and in 27% there was pathological evidence of a pre-existing naevus. Disease-free survival at 5 years for the population with plantar melanomas was 82, 51 and 0%, respectively, for melanomas 0-1.49, 1.5-3.49 and over 3.5 mm in thickness. This compares with 95, 71 and 46%, respectively, for leg lesions. In each thickness category patients with leg melanomas have a significantly better survival.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Human melanoma cell-derived factor(s) stimulate fibroblast glycosaminoglycan synthesis.

Conditioned media from cultures of human metastatic Hs294T melanoma cells contain a factor/factors that promote(s) fibroblast-mediated contraction of collagen lattices, and stimulate(s) fibroblast glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis. Complete medium from melanoma cell cultures stimulated fibroblast hyaluronate synthesis 9.3-fold, and sulphated GAG synthesis 2.6-fold, as measured by 3H-glucosamine incorporation. 35SO4 incorporation into sulphated GAGS was essentially unaltered, the net result being a decrease in the degree of sulphation. Fibroblasts synthesized hyaluronate with an increased molecular weight when grown in the presence of the melanoma-cell culture medium, while the molecular weights of heparan and chondroitin sulphates remained essentially unaltered. Our results indicate that the tumour-cell-derived factor(s) stimulate(s) changes in fibroblast glycosaminoglycan synthesis, and that these changes may facilitate tumour cell invasion in vivo.

Fibroblasts↗
PubMed1992

Retinoic acid-induced inhibition of metastatic melanoma cell lung colonization and adhesion to endothelium and subendothelial extracellular matrix.

The effect of pretreatment of metastatic B16 melanoma cells with 10(-6) M all trans-retinoic acid resulted in a significant inhibition of lung colonization following injection of 10(5) cells into the tail vein of syngeneic C57BL mice. Adhesion of melanoma cells to vascular endothelial cell monolayers, and subendothelial extracellular matrix was also inhibited by pretreatment with retinoic acid, as was tumour cell aggregation following seeding of pretreated cells on to 0.5% agar. Release of 35SO4 from radiolabelled subendothelial extracellular matrix by melanoma cells was essentially unaltered by retinoic acid pretreatment, as was the release of radiolabel from [3H]proline-labelled matrix, while plasminogen activator activity was enhanced in retinoic-acid-treated cells. These observed changes in adhesive properties may be responsible, at least in part, for the retinoic-acid-induced inhibition of lung colonization.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Re-examining crude coal tar treatment for psoriasis.

Two separate, double-blind, randomized, half-and-half body comparisons, each involving 20 in-patients with psoriasis, were conducted to compare the effect of different concentrations of crude coal tar in yellow soft paraffin. The therapeutic effect of 1% crude coal tar used twice daily for 10 days was significantly less than that achieved with an incremental regimen starting at 5% and increasing by 5% every second day to a maximum of 25%. No such difference was seen when a steady concentration of 5% was compared with the same incremental regimen. We conclude that there appears to be no benefit from exceeding a concentration of 5% crude coal tar in yellow soft paraffin in the treatment of patients with psoriasis and that the plateau in the dose-response curve for the action of crude coal tar in psoriasis begins at a point between 1 and 5%.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1992

Staphylococcus aureus and intra-nasal mupirocin in patients receiving isotretinoin for acne.

Thirty patients commencing isotretinoin for acne were entered into a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to investigate the effect of pulsed intra-nasal mupirocin ointment on Staphylococcus aureus colonization and isotretinoin-related side-effects. In both mupirocin and placebo groups there was an increase in isolation of S. aureus throughout the period of treatment with isotretinoin from the anterior nares, facial skin and lips. However, these increases were significantly less in the mupirocin-treated group. A high proportion of all patients suffered inflammatory side-effects of isotretinoin such as cheilitis and nasal vestibulitis, with their maximum severities being recorded 2 months after starting isotretinoin. In spite of the smaller increase in S. aureus colonization in the mupirocin-treated group no difference was demonstrated in either the incidence of specific S. aureus infections (e.g. furunculosis) or the prevalence of isotretinoin-related inflammatory side-effects. Furthermore, no relationship between the presence of S. aureus and the severity of inflammatory side-effects was shown. Streptococcus species were isolated on four separate occasions from four different patients during the study but their pathogenicity was unclear. These findings suggest that although pulsed intra-nasal mupirocin produces a significant reduction in isotretinoin-related staphylococcal colonization, its routine use cannot be justified on the basis of clinical benefit.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1992

Generalized eruptive histiocytoma.

The case is reported of a 56-year-old female who over 18 months developed a symmetrical eruption of hundreds of bluish-red papules, a small number of which have spontaneously resolved. The clinical and histopathological findings were compatible with the diagnosis of generalized eruptive histiocytoma. The ultrastructural findings in this case suggest that this condition which is in the non-X group of histiocytic disorders is closely related to histiocytosis X.

Female↗
PubMed1992

The desmoplastic melanocytic naevus: a distinct histological entity.

Fifteen cases of desmoplastic melanocytic naevi are described in 12 female and three male patients, ranging in age from 8 to 83 years. The commonest site for the lesions was the upper limb. The lesions were characterized by a dense sclerotic or desmoplastic appearance of the dermal collagen surrounding a population of predominantly epithelioid naevus cells, some of which had a bizarre but non-malignant cytology. The cause of the stromal change is not established. We suggest that these lesions constitute a discrete entity which should be described in standard textbooks of dermatopathology.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The relationship between risk of death from clinical stage 1 cutaneous melanoma and thickness of primary tumour: no evidence for steps in risk. Scottish Melanoma Group.

Previous reports have suggested that the relationship between survival and thickness of primary cutaneous malignant melanoma is not linear, but that there are natural breakpoints at which survival worsens in a step fashion. Nine hundred and ninety-seven cases of primary cutaneous malignant melanoma less than 9.75 mm thick, excised in Scotland between 1979 and 1983 inclusive, were examined to see if this could be confirmed. An adjusted Cox's regression analysis showed that age, sex, site and thickness were all significant predictors of survival. Thickness was grouped either empirically or by the breakpoints reported by other authors. It was then entered into a model either as a regressor or as a factored variable. The ranges 0-9.75 mm and 0-2 mm were studied separately. In the 0-9.75 mm range the factored variable was a statistically significant better fit than the regressor for each set of breakpoints, including an empirical analysis with eight groups. This suggests that there is no single best fit and that a step-effect is unlikely. Across the 0-2 mm range there was no significant improvement in the fit if thickness was entered as a factored variable, again indicating that a step effect is unlikely. We argue that there is no biological or statistical evidence to support the existence of natural breakpoints.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1991

The effect of treatment with 13-cis-retinoic acid on the metabolic burst of peripheral blood neutrophils from patients with acne.

The N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (f-MLP)-induced metabolic burst activity of peripheral blood neutrophils isolated from acne patients undergoing treatment with 13-cis-retinoic acid at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg/day was investigated using a luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence assay. The mean and median chemiluminescence response were significantly greater (P less than 0.05) in patients receiving 13-cis-retinoic acid than in untreated acne patients or age-matched controls. Pre-incubation of neutrophils with 13-cis-retinoic acid (10 nmol/l) did not affect the chemiluminescence response to formyl peptide. A sequential study over 20 weeks in seven patients demonstrated that chemiluminescence peaked after 2-8 weeks of treatment. In three patients this was accompanied by a worsening of their acne. These studies suggest that, in the initial phase, treatment with 13-cis-retinoic acid may exacerbate, through pro-inflammatory priming of neutrophils, certain neutrophil-mediated inflammatory processes in acne.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1991

Malignant melanoma occurring in those aged under 30 in the west of Scotland 1979-1986: a study of incidence, clinical features, pathological features and survival.

The study population consisted of the 95 patients who presented with cutaneous malignant melanoma in the west of Scotland between 1979 and 1986 and who were aged under 30 at the time of diagnosis. Over this 7-year period, 1299 melanomas were diagnosed in all age groups in this geographical area, increasing in incidence by 82% from 135 in 1979 to 246 in 1986. The proportion of melanomas diagnosed before the patients' thirtieth birthday remained constant at 6%. None were diagnosed in the under-15 age-group, and none developed on giant congenital naevi. Forty-two of the 95 melanomas (44%) in the under-30 group developed on a small naevus present either from birth or early childhood. These melanomas were thicker than those apparently developing on normal skin, but once controlled for tumour thickness and sex the presence of a pre-existing naevus did not affect 5-year survival. The overall 5-year survival was 76% with poorer survival associated with thicker tumours and male sex. This study suggests that small early onset naevi may have a higher potential for post-pubertal malignant change than has been previously recognized.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Etretinate and visual function: a 1-year follow-up study.

Concern has been expressed in the literature that the drug etretinate may be potentially retinotoxic. Four patients are reported who have received long-term treatment with etretinate and who have undergone detailed evaluation for the development of visual dysfunction over a 1-year period. Despite prolonged treatment and high total doses no evidence of ocular toxicity attributable to the drug was found in any of the patients.

Ectodermal Dysplasia↗
PubMed1991

Keratinocyte expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) correlated with infiltration of lymphocyte function associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) positive cells in evolving allergic contact dermatitis reactions.

Adhesion molecules are considered to have an important role in inflammatory reactions. We investigated the kinetics of ICAM-1 expression on keratinocytes and correlated this with the numbers of lymphocytes expressing LFA-1 in the dermis and epidermis of evolving allergic contact dermatitis reactions. In nickel-sensitive individuals, after application of a nickel patch, increased expression of ICAM-1 on keratinocytes was observed as early as 3 h and reached a maximum at 48 h. The number of lymphocytes expressing LFA-1 in the dermis and epidermis was greatest at 48 h. The LFA-1 cells were observed to be in close proximity to keratinocytes expressing ICAM-1, thus supporting the hypothesis that T-lymphocytes attach to keratinocytes via LFA-1/ICAM-1 molecules.

Cell Adhesion Molecules↗
PubMed1990

Assessment of a contact-plate sampling technique and subsequent quantitative bacterial studies in atopic dermatitis.

The aerobic bacterial flora of 20 patients with atopic dermatitis and 19 control subjects was extensively sampled using the Williamson and Kligman scrub technique and a contact-plate method (cysteine lactose electrolyte deficient media). Comparison of the two quantitative techniques showed that the contact plate is a reliable and convenient alternative to the scrub technique for the quantification of Staphylococcus aureus, micrococci and coagulase negative staphylococci. Quantification of bacterial flora using both techniques showed high rates of colonization by S. aureus on both involved and clinically normal skin of patients with atopic dermatitis. A linear increase in S. aureus counts with increasing severity of dermatitis was found. In contrast, diphtheroids showed a trend of decreasing isolation rates and counts as the severity of the dermatitis increased. Isolation rates and absolute counts for micrococci/coagulase negative cocci were unaffected by the severity of the dermatitis.

Adult↗