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Biomedical subjects

R M Laxer

Publications and source records attributed to R M Laxer.

121 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Acute hemiplegia in Kawasaki disease and infantile polyarteritis nodosa.

Although aseptic meningitis, lethargy and irritability occur frequently in Kawasaki disease and infantile polyarteritis nodosa, other neurological manifestations are rare. The authors report one case of Kawasaki disease and one of infantile polyarteritis nodosa, both associated with acute hemiplegia. Both patients had received courses of oral corticosteroids for their underlying disease prior to the onset of the hemiplegia. Pathological studies, as well as the four previously reported cases, are reviewed.

Cerebral Infarction↗
PubMed1983

Malignant lymphoma presenting with nonoliguric renal failure.

Nonoliguric renal failure was observed as a presenting complaint in a 14-year-old boy with a malignant lymphoma. The diagnosis was made by a renal biopsy, and the renal failure was treated successfully with peritoneal dialysis while the lymphoma was being treated with radiotherapy.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1977

Pneumococcal meningitis in children.

We review the clinical and laboratory features of 79 children with 83 episodes of pneumococcal meningitis over a 26-year period. The onset of illness was often severe, with convulsions occurring in 31% of the patients. The mortality was 10.8% and all deaths occurred in patients younger than 1 year of age; the death rate has dropped from 19% in the 1948 to 1962 era to 3% from 1963 to 1973. The association of pneumonia with meningitis, the presence of hypoglycorrhachia, and an increased CSF protein concentration were associated with a poor prognosis; bacteremia and convulsions were also more common in the fetal cases. Neurologic sequelae including recurrent meningitis, deafness, hydrocephalus, convulsions, and retardation were present in 56% of the patients observed. Findings from EEGs did not correlate well with the clinical picture during the acute or convalescent stage of the illness. Despite accurate diagnosis, prompt therapy, and a decrease in the mortality in the past decade, pneumococcal meningitis in children is still often associated with a serious outcome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Antibacterial activity of tobramycin against gram-negative bacteria and the combination of ampicillin/tobramycin against E. coli.

The antibacterial activity of tobramycin, gentamicin, erythromycin, cloxacillin, kanamycin, cephalexin, penicillin, carbenicillin and polymyxin were compared against 303 clinical bacterial isolates from a pediatric hospital patient population. Standard disk diffusion and agar-dilution methods were employed. Significant activity was demonstrated for tobramycin against pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Escherichia coli and both Staphylococcus aureus and albus; Tobramycin was significantly more active against Pseudomonas than gentamicin or the other antibiotics testedmcomparable activity to gentamicin was present for the other types of bacteria; Cross-resistance was not encountered between tobramycin and gentamicin. 30 isolates of E. coli were tested against the combination of tobramycin and ampicillin by the growth-curve method. Synergism was demonstrated in 4 isolates, antagonism in 1 and an additive effect in 25. A bactericidal effect was present at 24h against 17 isolates with tobramycin alone and against 25 isolates when combined with ampicillin. These results provide in vitro rationale for the consideration of tobramycin for clinical use in patients with Psuedomonas infections for the combination of ampicillin and tobramycin for the treatment of selected E.coli infections.

Ampicillin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

MR evaluation of the temporomandibular joint in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disease is uncommon in children but frequently occurs in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA). Involvement is often asymptomatic; however, it can lead to growth disturbances and facial deformity. Thirty TMJs in 15 children (11 girls and 4 boys aged 3.5-18 years) with JRA were evaluated clinically and by MRI. Plain films were reviewed when available. Magnetic resonance imaging parameters included T1-weighted and in some cases T2-weighted or gradient recall echo sequences. We assessed condylar configuration, glenoid fossa changes, presence of erosions, disk abnormality, range of motion, and presence of joint effusions or pannus. Abnormalities included cortical erosions (n = 19), disk thinning (n = 18), and perforation (n = 2). Reduction of joint movement (n = 20), joint locking (n = 3), and pannus/effusions (n = 5) were also found. Magnetic resonance imaging is a useful technique for the detection of TMJ involvement in JRA. Early detection and therapeutic intervention may lessen or prevent subsequent deformities.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Association of fetal heart block and massive placental infarction due to maternal autoantibodies.

Two different effects of maternal autoantibodies presented in a third-trimester pregnancy. The first was complete fetal heart block, demonstrated ultrasonographically, which correlated with the presence of anti-Ro and anti-La antibodies in the maternal serum. The second effect was decidual vasculopathy and thrombosis, a morphologic finding in the placenta that caused massive placental infarction and intrauterine death. The placental pathology correlated with the presence of anticardiolipin antibodies in the maternal serum at the time of stillbirth.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Persistent pulmonary hemorrhage as the sole initial clinical manifestation of pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus.

Pulmonary hemorrhage (PH) is a rare but potentially life-threatening manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In this report we describe a 13 year old girl with PH as the sole presenting clinical manifestation of her SLE. Her serology was diagnostic of SLE and one year after presentation she developed arthritis. She had a rapid serologic but delayed clinical response to combination therapy of intravenous pulse methylprednisolone, pulse cyclophosphamide and daily prednisone. Awareness of the possibility of pulmonary hemorrhage as a presentation of SLE may aid in the diagnosis and early, aggressive management of this condition.

Adolescent↗