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Biomedical subjects

R M Gwin

Publications and source records attributed to R M Gwin.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1984

Conjunctival fungal flora in horses, cattle, dogs, and cats.

Conjunctival swab specimens were obtained from both eyes of 43 horses, 25 cows, 50 dogs, and 25 cats without keratitis or other ophthalmologic problems. Fungi were isolated from 95% of the horses, 100% of the cows, 22% of the dogs, and 40% of the cats. Aspergillus spp were isolated from 56% of the horses, 12% of the cows, 8% of the cats, and none of the dogs. Penicillium spp and Cladosporium spp were isolated ubiquitously. Collectively, 28 species from 209 isolants were identified.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Effects of phacoemulsification and extracapsular lens removal on corneal thickness and endothelial cell density in the dog.

Twenty-one dogs were used to study the effects of phacoemulsification and extracapsular lens removal on corneal endothelium and corneal thickness. Specular microscopy revealed preoperative cell morphology and cell densities similar to man. After surgery endothelial cell counts significantly decreased 22% (central) and 13% (periphery) with phacoemulsification and 34% (central) and 31% (periphery) with extracapsular lens removal. Corneal thickness increased with both procedures. Endothelial cell pathology included cellular enlargement, increased pleomorphism, and focal cellular degeneration. Phacoemulsification time did not correlate with the degree of cell loss. Dog corneal endothelium responds to surgical trauma in a manner similar to man and maintains a functional monolayer via cellular enlargement and migration. The dog, therefore, represents a good animal model for the study of corneal endothelial disease in man.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Decrease in canine corneal endothelial cell density and increase in corneal thickness as functions of age.

Fifty-nine normal dogs, ranging in age from 6 weeks to 132 months were examined with contact specular microscopy to determine the relationship of age to corneal endothelial cell density, morphology, and corneal thickness. Canine corneal endothelial cells appear quite similar to those of other species studied, including man. The hexagonally shaped canine endothelial cells tend to enlarge with age, with the population in young animals averaging around 2500 cells/mm2 and the number of cells in older dogs being frequently below 2100 cells/mm2. A significant increase in corneal thickness was observed with age. Healthy canine corneal endothelial cells appear to maintain a functional monolayer by enlargement and migration and represent a reasonable model for future endothelial cell study.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1980

Multifocal ocular histoplasmosis in a dog and cat.

In two cases of naturally occurring disseminated histoplasmosis, multifocal inflammatory lesions were seen in the posterior segment of the eyes. Histologic examination of both animals revealed lesions of active choroiditis (cat) and retinitis (dog) in association with numerous Histoplasma capsulatum.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Effect of iridocryothermy in the normal dog.

The base and pupillary zones of the iris were exposed for 10 s to a -79 C cryoprobe (iridocryothermy). The resultant iritis lasted 7 to 10 days as evidenced by aqueous flare, hypotony, and miosis. At 21 days, the iris was depigmented and had an irregular pupil. The initial histopathologic changes after iridocryothermy were iridic intrastromal hemorrhage, exudation, and neutrophil infiltration. The iridic pigmented epithelium was lyzed, and the melanin granules were liberated into the iridic stroma, posterior, and anterior chambers. Irides frozen at the pupillary zone exhibited sphincter muscle degeneration. By 21 days after iridocryothermy, the irides were depigmented and atrophic.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Ocular hypotensive effects of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors in normotensive and glaucomatous Beagles.

Four carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (acetazolamide, dichlorphenamide, ethoxzolamide, and methazolamide) cause ocular hypotony in normotensive and glaucomatous Beagles. Four dosages of acetazolamide and methazolamide and three dosages of dichlorphenamide and ethoxzolamide were evaluated. The extent of ocular hypotony after these carbonic anhydrase inhibitors was usually greater in glaucomatous Beagles than it was in normotensive Beagles.

Acetazolamide↗
PubMed1978

Effects of topical 1-epinephrine and dipivalyl epinephrine on intraocular pressure and pupil size in the normotensive and glaucomatous Beagle.

Dipivalyl epinephrine and l-epinephrine were evaluated in various concentrations in normotensive and glaucomatous Beagles. In higher concentrations, both drugs produced significant lowering of intraocular pressure. Mydriasis and some local irritation occurred. The hypotony after drug administration tended to be greater in glaucomatous than in normotensive Beagles. The glaucomatous Beagle may be a valuable biomedical model in the investigation of various pharmacologic substances.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Bilateral ocular lipidosis in a cottontail rabbit fed an all-milk diet.

Lipid infiltration of the corneal stroma, sclera, and uvea occurred in a 2-year-old cottontail rabbit that had been fed an all-milk diet for 20 months. Superficial keratectomy was performed on the left eye but the rabbit died. Histologically, lipid deposits were most extensive in the anterior corneal stroma and posterior iridal epithelium.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Ophthalmic nodular fasciitis in the dog.

Ophthalmic nodular fasciitis in 5 dogs was often manifested as subconjunctival masses of variable growth rate. Each mass was raised, pink, and hyperemic. Five masses involved the bulbar conjunctiva, and 2 masses involved the eyelids. Local excision of each mass successfully resolved the condition.

Animals↗