Unusual chromosomal findings in a case of myelofibrosis.
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Aged↗
Biomedical subjects
R M Goodman
Publications and source records attributed to R M Goodman.
A possible genetic role in esophageal hiatus hernia.
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Adolescent↗
A new multigene family inducible by tobacco mosaic virus or salicylic acid in tobacco.
A previously undescribed cDNA family was isolated from tobacco challenged with tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). A cDNA library was constructed with mRNA from upper leaves of Xanthi nc tobacco plants that had been inoculated with TMV on the lower leaves 11 days previously. The library was screened differentially with radiolabeled cDNA synthesized with mRNA from upper, uninoculated leaves of either TMV-inoculated or mock-inoculated tobacco plants. The new cDNA family, designated SAR8.2, had at least five expressed members, one or more of which were inducible by TMV inoculation and by salicylic acid treatment. The cDNAs encoded small, highly basic proteins containing N-terminal hydrophobic signal peptides and highly conserved cysteine-rich C-terminal domains. One of the SAR8.2 family members contained a direct repeat of the C-terminal domain in tandem. Hybridization of SAR8.2 cDNA to tobacco genomic DNAs indicated a gene family of 10-12 members.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Toward a social ecology of community coalitions.
This article is guided by several premises. First, community coalitions fit with a social ecology perspective of health promotion because they work with multiple domains and promote community change. Second, the community context affects the functioning of coalitions. Third, key leaders are an important part of the social fabric of a community and influence the social ecology of a community; therefore a coalition should include key leaders and influence them and their organizations. The purpose of this article is to advance an understanding of the social ecology of coalitions by describing concepts, variables and results from two national studies and by providing anecdotal evidence and a measure of key leaders from our own work. After briefly defining and describing community coalitions, we: (1) review literature on contextual variables and community coalitions, (2) provide examples of contextual variables influencing community coalition development, and (3) discuss the relationship of key leaders in multiple domains and community coalitions. The article concludes with a discussion of the need for a framework of contextual variables and a promising next step.
Adult↗
Measuring the diffusion of innovative health promotion programs.
Once a health promotion program has proven to be effective in one or two initial settings, attempts may be made to transfer the program to new settings. One way to conceptualize the transference of health promotion programs from one locale to another is by considering the programs to be innovations that are being diffused. In this way, diffusion of innovation theory can be applied to guide the process of program transference. This article reports on the development of six questionnaires to measure the extent to which health promotion programs are successfully disseminated: Organizational Climate, Awareness-Concern, Rogers's Adoption Variables, Level of Use, Level of Success, and Level of Institutionalization. The instruments are being successfully used in a study of the diffusion of health promotion/tobacco prevention curricula to junior high schools in North Carolina. The instruments, which measure the four steps of the diffusion process, have construct validity since they were developed within existing theories and are derived from the work of previous researchers. No previous research has attempted to use instruments like these to measure sequentially the stages of the diffusion process.
Adolescent↗
A critique of contemporary community health promotion approaches: based on a qualitative review of six programs in Maine.
PURPOSE: This article reports on a process evaluation of three Planned Approach to Community Health (PATCH) projects and three Community Chronic Disease Prevention Programs (CCDPP) that operated in the State of Maine. PATCH and CCDPP are similar approaches to community health promotion developed and disseminated by the Centers for Disease Control. The evaluators studied how the Planned Approach to Community Health and the Community Chronic Disease Prevention Program models worked as community health strategies across the six field sites. RESEARCH METHODS USED: Qualitative methods were used in a cross-case comparison of the six field sites. In studying each site, the evaluators focused on six stages common to both the Planned Approach to Community Health and the Community Chronic Disease Prevention program models: Stage 1: conducting a community needs assessment; Stage 2: analyzing needs assessment data; Stage 3: setting priorities for the project based on the data; Stage 4: implementing activities; Stage 5: producing process outcomes; and Stage 6: institutionalizing the project. The analysis focused on how each of the six communities traversed these stages. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS: Eight recommendations for refining Planned Approach to Community Health and Community Chronic Disease Prevention strategies resulted from the study: 1) do a community capacity assessment prior to initiating a community needs assessment; 2) do not overly rely on Behavioral Risk Factor Surveys; 3) analyze needs assessment data rapidly for community consumption; 4) allow flexibility and community input in determining priority health objectives; 5) provide technical assistance throughout a project, not just in the beginning; 6) fund at least one full-time local coordinator and extensive capacity building; 7) emphasize multiple interventions around one chronic condition at a time; and 8) emphasize program institutionalization. CONCLUSIONS: Community development approaches like Planned Approach to Community Health and Community Chronic Disease Prevention are promising health promotion strategies. To be optimally effective, however, these strategies need refinement based on systematic study in field settings. Because this study was limited to six sites in Maine, some of these findings may have limited generalizability.
Chronic Disease↗
Evaluation of the Heart To Heart Project: lessons from a community-based chronic disease prevention project.
PURPOSE: To present an evaluation of a 5-year, community-based, chronic disease prevention project managed by a state health department to determine whether the department could replicate similar previous projects that had received more funding and other resources. DESIGN: The evaluation used a matched comparison design and a review of archive and interview data. SETTING: Florence, South Carolina (population: 56,240). SUBJECTS: A random sample of 1642 persons in Florence (and 1551 in the comparison) who responded to a risk factor questionnaire and underwent a physical assessment; 70.7% of baseline subjects participated in the postintervention. Forty key persons were interviewed concerning project effectiveness. INTERVENTIONS BY PROJECT: Walk-a-thons, a speakers' bureau, media messages, restaurant food labeling, and cooking seminars. More than 31,000 participants were involved in 585 activities. MEASURES: Questionnaires focused on hypertension, obesity, high cholesterol, smoking, and exercise. Physical assessments determined lipid, lipoprotein, apolipoprotein, and blood pressure levels. Analysis of covariance was used for baseline and postintervention comparisons. Content analysis was used on archive and interview data. RESULTS: The project had a slightly favorable intervention effect on cholesterol and smoking, but failed to have an effect on other risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The project influenced community awareness, enlisted influential community members, and fostered linkages among local health services. CONCLUSIONS: Health departments can be instrumental in community risk reduction programming; however, they may not replicate projects having greater resources.
Cardiovascular Diseases↗
A newly recognized partial alopecia syndrome associated with distinct personality traits.
Upon examining two double first cousins who presented with a newly recognized partial alopecia syndrome, previously reported in one, we discovered that the two shared almost identical personalities. This prompted us to search the literature for other genetic syndromes which are characterized by distinct personality traits. The article reports on two affected members of a family with a syndrome associated with definite somatic and behavioral characteristics most probably transmitted as an autosomal recessive disorder.
Alopecia↗
Problems in medical genetic services as viewed from Israel.
Problems in genetic services in Israel are discussed from four vantage points: genetic screening, prenatal diagnosis, genetics and the mentally retarded child, and genetic counseling. Emphasis is given to issues unique to Israel, and recommendations for the improvement of genetic services are presented. A central, recurring theme is the continuous and concerted effort that must be made by those working in genetics to keep both the medical community and the lay community adequately informed.
Adult↗