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Biomedical subjects

R M Friedman

Publications and source records attributed to R M Friedman.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Acid-labile human leukocyte interferon in homosexual men with Kaposi's sarcoma and lymphadenopathy.

Some immunologic parameters in homosexual patients with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) or unexplained lymphadenopathy resemble findings in patients with autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Many patients with SLE have an unusual acid-labile form of human leukocyte interferon (HuIFN-alpha) in their serum. Sera from 91 homosexual men were tested for the presence of HuIFN. Of 27 patients with KS, 17 had significant titers of HuIFN in their serum. Ten of 35 patients with lymphadenopathy and three of four patients with other clinical symptoms also had circulating HuIFN. In contrast, only two of 25 apparently healthy subjects had serum HuIFN. All 32 samples of HuIFN had antiviral activity on bovine cells, a characteristic of HuIFN-alpha, and all of 14 representative samples tested were neutralized by antibody to HuIFN-alpha. In addition, the HuIFN-alpha in six of eight representative patients was inactivated at pH 2 and therefore appears to be similar to the HuIFN-alpha found in patients with SLE. These findings suggest that an autoimmune disorder may underly lymphadenopathy and KS in homosexual men.

Homosexuality↗
PubMed1982

Effect of human interferon on vesicular stomatitis virus released from bovine embryonic kidney cells.

Human lymphoblastoid interferon (IFN) had an antiviral activity in bovine embryonic kidney cells that resulted in the release of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) particles with decreased infectivity. The inhibition was dose dependent and the cells were highly sensitive to human IFN. Examination of the proteins of VSV released from bovine cells after IFN treatment showed a reduction in the glycoprotein. Electron microscopic studies revealed a large number of VSV particles with characteristic spike-like surface projections released from nontreated cells. There was a reduction in the number of mature virions produced in IFN-treated cells and the virions lacked the characteristic surface projections.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Interferons: basic research, clinical studies, and their support.

Interferon research has recently made great progress. Interferons are now seen to be a family of agents, each with its own chemical and immunologic characteristics. Clinically, research using the techniques of recombinant DNA has made interferons available in quantities sufficient to perform full clinical trials in patients with various viral diseases and cancers. Interferon research promises to be an exciting and fruitful field in years ahead; however, efforts to study interferon may be hamstrung by a shortage of funds for basic research.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1982

Therapeutic techniques for the treatment of certain infantile personality disorders in ego disturbed children.

This paper has discussed certain ego disturbed children of preschool and school age with infantile personality disorders. Although these children do not form a sharp diagnostic category, it is of clinical importance to differentiate them both from the neuroses and from other more serious ego disorders. These predominantly infantile children suffer chronic ego arrest and deviations as well as some degree of internal conflicts. Reality adaptation is characteristically distorted, ego defenses imbalanced, and social relations aberrant. Unlike some other borderline types, however, these children have no significant potential for psychosis. They are not prone to panicky anxiety attacks, or to psychoticlike ego regressions or withdrawal. Ego disturbed children with infantile personality disorders pose certain typical problems of therapeutic technique. They do not possess the ego strength for classical analysis, nor are they suitable candidates for a purely supportive or nurturing treatment. I have argued that the particular psychopathology of these children requires a form of corrective developmental treatment in which the therapist plays a flexible role and uses a combination of techniques corresponding to the child's progressive ego development. Early in treatment primarily supportive and nurturing techniques are used to promote a corrective identification and strengthen the defenses. As treatment proceeds, however, selected interpretations are introduced to modify the internal conflicts that block personality integration and development. Especially important are the mobilization and interpretation of hostile aggression. In the later treatment phases the therapist becomes increasingly more frustrating to the child's infantile wishes, encouraging reality adaptation and social maturation. The various shifts in therapeutic technique create resistances whose interpretation and working through are integral to the treatment process and cure.

Child↗
PubMed1981

A comparison of experiential and observational approaches for enhancing the interpersonal communication skills of speech-language pathology students.

The effects of two short-term interpersonal skills training approaches on the verbal behavior of student speech-language pathologists were evaluated during peer interviews. Students who had participated in an experiential program in which they practiced specific verbal skills used significantly more verbal behaviors thought to facilitate a helping relationship than did students whose training had consisted of observing and analyzing these verbal skills in clinical interactions. Comparisons with results of previous research suggest that length of training may be a crucial variable as students appear to need considerable time and practice to master the complex skills necessary for interpersonal effectiveness.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Interferon induction by lymphocytic choriomeningitis viruses correlates with maximum virulence.

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) viruses isolated from the blood of persistently infected mice, could be clearly divided into two categories by observing the disease patterns they produced after intracerebral (i.c.) injection in a number of adult inbred and outbred mice. One type (aggressive) caused the classic pattern of convulsive death in 100% of the mice 7 to 9 days after infection, while the other (docile) caused a protracted disease with deaths occurring, if at all, 2 to 4 weeks after infection. Interferon could be detected in the serum of adult mice on the 3rd and 4th day after infection with several independently cloned aggressive, but not docile, viruses. The inability of docile virus to induce interferon was not due to poor or delayed virus replication in the brain. The aggressive pattern of disease could be provoked easily in docile virus-infected mice with the interferon inducers poly(rI) . poly(rC), tilorone hydrochloride or Newcastle disease virus. The amount of interferon produced had little effect on the mean day of death. Mice that differed over 10-fold in their serum interferon levels after LCM infection, either by genetic predisposition or by stimulation with increasing amounts of poly(rI) . poly(rC), presented almost identical patterns of mortality.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

A mouse cell line, which is unprotected by interferon against lytic virus infection, lacks ribonuclease F activity.

A mouse cell line, NIH 3T3, does not respond to some of the activities of interferon. Even after treatment with high concentrations of interferon the replication of lytic viruses, such as encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is not inhibited in these cells. In contrast, interferon treatment of these same cells results in the inhibition of Moloney murine leukemia virus (MMuLV) production. We have analyzed enzymatic pathways which are induced by interferon in these cells. After interferon treatment, the level of the (2'-5')oligoadenylate [(2'-5)An] synthetase activity and the phosphorylation of the 67000-dalton protein (P1) are enhanced in NIH 3T3 cells to approximately the same level as interferon-sensitive mouse L-cells. Moreover, NIH 3T3 and L-cells, contain approximately the same levels of enzymes which inactivate (2'-5')An. Both exogenously added (2'-5')A3 or double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) failed to inhibit protein synthesis in NIH 3T3 extracts even though they were potent inhibitors of L-cell extract-directed protein synthesis. Direct measurements of the (2'-5')An-dependent ribonuclease F (RNase F) failed to detect such activity in NIH 3T3 cells. Our results, therefore, suggest that the presence of RNase F activity is necessary for the interferon-induced antiviral activity against EMCV and against VSV. The induction of protein kinase activity by interferon treatment of NIH 3T3 cells appears to have no direct effect on EMCV and VSV replication.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Dissociation of interferon effects on murine leukemia virus and encephalomyocarditis virus replication in mouse cells.

Two subclones of Swiss mouse cells infected with Moloney murine leukemia virus (M-MuLV) were tested for their response to interferon (IFN). Whereas M-MuLV production in the two subclones was inhibited to the same extent, one of the subclones was significantly more sensitive to IFN when the antiviral effect was measured by replication of encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus. The same subclone was also more sensitive to the anticellular activities of IFN. Additionally, NIH 3T3 cells infected with M-MuLV were completely resistant to IFN actions when EMC virus replication or the anticellular activities were tested. However, under the same conditions, M-MuLV production was completely inhibited by IFN. These results indicate that IFN may affect cell growth functions and EMC replication through mechanisms different from those by which MuLV production is inhibited.

Animals↗