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Biomedical subjects

R M Bell

Publications and source records attributed to R M Bell.

276 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
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Biliary obstruction in a canine model: sequential study of the sonographic threshold.

Complete occlusion of the common bile duct was surgically created in eight dogs. Sequential gray-scale ultrasound studies were performed with serum bilirubin determinations. Dilatation of the intrahepatic biliary radicles was first recognized sonographically from five to eight days postoperatively (average 6.4 days). The findings indicate a temporal lag between the onset of obstruction and recognition by ultrasound. In the appropriate clinical setting, a delayed repeat examination may be advisable. No correlation between ductal dilatation and serum bilirubin levels was ascertained.

Animals↗
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Pancreatic exocrine response to parenteral nutrition.

Animal experimental data concerning pancreatic exocrine secretory response to parenteral nutrition is contradictory. We have studied the pancreatic exocrine output in a patient with a pure pancreatic fistula. In this patient, parenteral nutrition with hypertonic glucose, amino acids and fat emulsion was not associated with increases in fistula volume or protein output. Enteral protein and fat in this patient caused rapid increases in both fistula volume and protein output. This study supports the use of parenteral nutrition as a means of maintaining the pancreas at rest.

Amino Acids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The impact of tobacco use in women: exploring smoking cessation strategies.

The incidence of lung cancer in women has escalated during the last several decades. Lung cancer death rates in women also have risen and now exceed the number of deaths from breast cancer. Tobacco use accounts for more than 30% of all cancer deaths. Currently, 22 million adult women smoke, and more than 1.5 million adolescent females are smokers (American Cancer Society, 2000a). The use of tobacco by young female adolescents is on the rise, and those who are current smokers typically began smoking prior to high school graduation. Oncology nurses have an opportunity in inpatient and outpatient settings to impact the smoking habits of females, regardless of age. This article presents the guidelines for assisting women in smoking cessation. Clinical implications are presented that all oncology nurses should consider implementing in their practice setting.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Impact of a high school condom availability program on sexual attitudes and behaviors.

CONTEXT: While making condoms available in high schools has provoked much debate, evidence on the actual effects of such programs on students' attitudes and behavior is sparse. METHODS: Prior to implementation of a condom availability program in a Los Angeles County high school, 1,945 students in grades 9-12 (98% of eligible students) completed a self-administered anonymous survey on their sexual behavior and on related knowledge and attitudes; one year later, 1,110 students (59% of eligible students) completed a follow-up survey. RESULTS: There was no significant change over time in the percentage of males or females who had ever had vaginal intercourse or who had had vaginal intercourse during the year prior to the survey. The percentage of males who reported using condoms every time they engaged in vaginal intercourse during the past year increased significantly, from 37% to 50%, and the percentage of males who reported condom use at recently initiated first vaginal intercourse increased from 65% to 80%. On the other hand, female respondents showed no significant change in their condom use. The self-reported likelihood of using a condom for vaginal intercourse during the following year did not change significantly for students who had had vaginal intercourse, but it increased dramatically for those who, had never had vaginal intercourse. The students' attitudes toward sex and condom use either remained the same between surveys or changed in a direction favoring less sexual behavior and greater risk prevention. CONCLUSIONS: The condom availability program appears not to have produced an increase in sexual activity among high school students, and it appears to have led to improved condom use among males. The apparent strong effect on students' intention to use condoms and on males' use at first vaginal intercourse suggests that such programs may have a particular impact on the least sexually experienced adolescents.

Adolescent↗