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Biomedical subjects

R Lynn

Publications and source records attributed to R Lynn.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

The British Paediatric Surveillance Unit: activities and developments in 1990 and 1991.

The British Paediatric Surveillance Unit is a joint undertaking of the British Paediatric Association, the PHLS Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre and the Department of Epidemiology at the Institute of Child Health, London. It provides an active case reporting system which aims to facilitate the surveillance of rare childhood infections and other conditions. Cards with a menu of up to twelve reportable disorders are sent monthly to more than 1100 paediatricians throughout the United Kingdom and Ireland. The average response rate is 90%. Reported cases are followed up according to study protocols. Since its inception in 1986, the Unit has facilitated the study of a wide range of disorders, including HIV infection and AIDS, Reye's syndrome, Kawasaki disease, congenital rubella, neonatal herpes, congenital toxoplasmosis and acute rheumatic fever, and the number of new applications for surveys has increased in 1992-3. Several European paediatric organisations have expressed interest in setting up similar schemes in their own countries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Reaction times and intelligence in Korean children.

Nine-year-old Korean children (N = 299) were tested for reaction time (RT) and intelligence measured by Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices. Reaction times were broken into decision times and movement times and into three degrees of complexity. The results showed low but generally statistically significant correlations between decision times and intelligence. Generally, no significant differences existed between movement times and intelligence. Boys showed significantly faster movement times than girls did.

Child↗
PubMed1992

The general intelligence and spatial abilities of gifted young Belgian chess players.

Thirty-three tournament-level young Belgian chess players aged 8 to 13 were tested with the French WISC (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children). The mean full scale IQ = 121, verbal IQ = 109 and performance IQ = 129. The results suggest that a high level of general intelligence and of spatial ability are necessary to achieve a high standard of play in chess. The high spatial ability of these young chess players suggested by the high performance IQs may go some way towards explaining why males tend to be more numerous than females among high-standard chess players.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Reaction times and intelligence: a comparison of Japanese and British children.

Japanese and British 9-year-old children were compared on the standard progressive matrices and twelve reaction time parameters providing measures of simple and complex decision times, movement times and variabilities. The mean of the Japanese children on the progressive matrices exceeded that of the British children by 0.65 SD units and on the decision times component of reaction times by 0.50 SD units, suggesting that the high Japanese mean on psychometric intelligence is largely explicable in terms of the more efficient processing of information at the neurological level. Japanese children also showed faster movement times but, contrary to expectation, had greater variabilities than British children.

Child↗
PubMed1991

Branched-chain amino acid in chronic renal failure patients: respiratory and sleep effects.

Sleep disorders, including a high incidence of sleep apnea, have been recognized as a significant problem in chronic renal failure (CRF) patients. In a preliminary study, we examined CRF patients on maintenance hemodialysis for three nights; one control night, and thereafter randomized to infusion of saline (placebo) for one night and 4% branch-chain amino acid (BCAA) solution for one night. Polysomnographic and respiratory data [respiratory rate, oxygen saturation and end-tidal CO2 (ETCO2)] was recorded continuously throughout the nights and data from each hour compared with baseline (awake) values. The patients studied were characterized by reduced sleep quality and decreased amount of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. The BCAA infusion was associated with a return of REM sleep to normal and a significant decrease in ETCO2 during both REM and non-REM sleep (P less than 0.05). Our findings demonstrate respiratory stimulation during sleep with infusion of BCAA; this stimulatory effect on respiration (in contrast to many respiratory stimulants) is associated with an increased amount of REM sleep.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Attitudes related to work of adolescents in the United Kingdom and Japan.

This study was designed to provide data for notions that differences in achievement motivation in different nations may contribute to differences in national rates of economic growth. The nations investigated were the United Kingdom and Japan as representatives of low and high rates of economic growth in the decades after the end of World War II. Data were collected from college students for motivations and attitudes related to work. British students had higher achievement motivation, while Japanese students had higher competitiveness motivation and strong money beliefs. Differences in career preference between the nations were also presented. The relationship between motivations and attitudes to work with career preference were examined for each nation.

Achievement↗
PubMed1990

The heritability of intelligence in Japan.

Japanese data for 543 monozygotic (MZ) twins and 134 dizygotic (DZ) twins tested for intelligence at the age of 12 give correlation coefficients of .782 and .491, respectively, indicating a heritability of .582. Heavier twins at birth have significantly higher IQs at the age of 12, suggesting that prenatal nutrition exerts a significant effect on intelligence.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1990

Testosterone and gonadotropin levels and r/K reproductive strategies.

It is proposed that different levels of testosterone are the physiological basis in males of the racial differences in sexual drive which form the core of the different r/K reproduction strategies documented by J. P. Rushton. There is direct evidence for higher testosterone levels in Negroids than in Caucasoids and indirect evidence from the incidence of cancer of the prostate. Prostatic cancer is a function of testosterone levels and shows increasing incidence from Mongoloids to Caucasoids to Negroids. It is further proposed that in females the hormonal basis of differential r/K behaviour lies in the level of gonadotropin.

Birth Rate↗
PubMed1989

The intelligence of six-year-olds in Hong Kong.

Evidence has accumulated to suggest that the mean IQs of Orientals in the United States and in the countries of the Pacific Basin are higher than those of Whites (Caucasoids) in the United States and Britain. This paper presents evidence from IQ tests on 4858 6-year-old Chinese children in Hong Kong. On the Coloured Progressive Matrices these children obtained a mean IQ of 116. Samples from Australia, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Romania, the UK and the US obtain IQs in the range 95-102. It is suggested that these results pose difficulties for the environmentalist explanations commonly advanced to explain the low mean IQs obtained by some ethnic minorities in the United States.

Asian People↗
PubMed1989

Genetic and environmental mechanisms determining intelligence, neuroticism, extraversion and psychoticism: an analysis of Irish siblings.

The theory that shared family environment has an effect on intelligence but no effect on personality was examined by a study of correlations between young adolescent Irish siblings for intelligence, neuroticism, extraversion and psychoticism. The correlations obtained for 386 sibling pairs were 0.48 (intelligence), 0.06 (neuroticism), 0.31 (extraversion) and 0.14 (psychoticism). The correlation for IQ confirms the operation of both genetic and shared family effects on intelligence. The low correlations for neuroticism and psychoticism confirm the thesis that shared family effects have no influence on these traits. They are also inconsistent with an additive genetic model and suggest that non-additive genetic mechanisms are present to make siblings so dissimilar. The higher sibling correlation for extraversion suggests that shared family environment does have some effect on this trait among young adolescents and is also consistent with an additive genetic model.

Child↗
PubMed1986

The complete nucleotide sequence of the structural gene TOP2 of yeast DNA topoisomerase II.

The nucleotide sequence of the gene TOP2 encoding DNA topoisomerase II of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been determined. The entire coding sequence of the gene lies within an open reading frame, and there are 1429 amino acids in the single polypeptide protein if translation is assumed to start at the first ATG in this frame. The calculated subunit and molecular mass of the enzyme is 164,000 and 328,000 daltons, respectively. The transcriptional starts of the gene and a polyadenylation site of the message have also been mapped.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1986

Tandem regions of yeast DNA topoisomerase II share homology with different subunits of bacterial gyrase.

The nucleotide sequence for the Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene TOP2, which encodes DNA topoisomerase II, was compared with the sequence for bacterial DNA gyrase. The amino and carboxyl terminal halves of the single-subunit yeast enzyme showed homologies with the B and A subunits of bacterial gyrase, respectively, at corresponding positions along the polypeptide chains. Although the two enzymes differ in both quaternary structure and activity, the homology between the two proteins indicates mechanistic as well as structural similarities, and a probable evolutionary relationship.

Bacillus subtilis↗