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Biomedical subjects

R Louis

Publications and source records attributed to R Louis.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

LY 186655, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, inhibits histamine release from human basophils, lung and skin fragments.

LY 186655 (Tibenelast, Lilly) is a new phosphodiesterase inhibitor, not derived from the xanthine, possessing bronchodilating activity in animals. The aim of this work was to study the effect of LY 186655 and theophylline on histamine release from human leukocytes, skin and lung fragments. Histamine was measured using a spectrofluorometric method. Both drugs (3 x 10(-5)-3 x 10(-3) M) exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition on anti-IgE (1/2000)-induced histamine release from human leukocytes. At 3 x 10(-3) M, theophylline was significantly more effective than LY 186655 (mean inhibition 94 and 42%, respectively). On lung fragments, theophylline and LY 186655 (3 x 10(-5)-3 x 10(-3) M) caused strong and comparable inhibitory effects on anti-IgE (1/500)-induced histamine release with a mean inhibition reaching maximally 65%. Histamine release induced by compound 48/80 (1 mg/ml) on sliced human foreskin was reduced with both drugs (3 x 10(-3) M) by about 37%. We conclude that LY 186655 inhibits in vitro immunological histamine release from human lung and cutaneous mast cells as well as basophils with a similar pattern of activity to theophylline.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Polyarteritis nodosa with ureteric stenosis. Two cases (author's transl)].

In two cases, surgical exploration fully confirmed that ureteric stenosis was related to PAN. There are four cases of this association in the litterature but it is probable that the frequency of such stenosis is underestimated: amongst 75 patients being treated for PAN in our department, only 11 underwent intravenous urography, 10 being abnormal.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Cervical spine. II. Fractures and dislocations (author's transl)].

Clinical and radiologic investigations in spinal fractures and dislocations must allow assessment of modifications in osteoarticular and neural functions. With respect to osteoarticular function it is necessary to identify the presence of both temporary or permanent instability and impaired static equilibrium. Regarding neural functions we must not only evaluate the neurologic damage but also residual stenosis of the spinal canal and sometimes of the intervertebral foramina. Compression induced by such stenosis is best demonstrated on métrizanide myelography. Management is currently aimed at better and more rapid correction of morphologic damages and disturbed stability. These goals are achieved by reduction and stabilisation using orthopedic or surgical techniques, the later involving an anterior or posterior approach to osteosynthesis. Systematic suppression of factors causing neural compression has led to a greater recovery rate than in the past.

Cervical Vertebrae↗
PubMed1979

[Cervical sprains and cervical herniated discs (author's transl)].

The cervical spine, containing twenty-articulations, is particularly exposed to sprains. Benign cases are those in which both spinal stability is not affected and only subjective neurovascular complaints are present. Management essentially involves constant volontary immobilization of the cervical spine with or without apparatus (Postural training). The severity of the sprains results from the possibility of either vertebral instability or objective neurovascular complications. Bony instability can be detected on dynamic radiographs based on precise criteria defined by physiologic study of normal spinal movements. When a persistant vascular syndrome involving the vertebro-basilar arteries is observed, vertebral arteriography may be indicated. Likewise, the presence of a thoracic outlet syndrome may required sub-clavian arteriography. Metrizamide myelography is used to explore neurologic lesions. The author concluded that only severe cervical sprains required surgical intervention. A prolapsed cervical disc, revealed by discography and especially metrizamide myelography, most often requires an anterior approach to surgery.

Cervical Vertebrae↗
PubMed1979

Anatomo-radiological considerations about lumbar discography. An experimental study.

An experimental study was undertaken to determine the origin of lumbar pain associated with degeneration of lumbar intervertebral disc by examining their innervation, vascularization, and stages of evolution. The study included the comparison of discography on patients with an experimental reproduction of this examination on cadavers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[The azygos or vertebro-parietal venous anastomotic system].

This experimental work, realized on a group of 25 monkeys, aims at determining the correct circulatory direction in rachis veins and the importance of the vertebral veinous circulation in the general return circulation. Radiophysiological tests defined the azygopetal direction of the vertebral circulation, the role of the intercavous shunt of this circulation with or without obstacle, and the possibility, under certain conditions, for pelvic blood to accede to cranial sinuses. Physiopathological tests (with iode 131 and BSP) contributed to prove that vertebral veinous circulation drains 5 to 10% of lower extremity, pelvic and sus-mesocolic visceral and cranial contents circulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Vascular topography of the dorsolumbar spine in the African Black (105 cases)].

105 black african subjects were studied by plastic radio-opaque medium or anatomical dissection of the vessels in the dorso-lumbar spine. Numerous topographic variation were analyzed for pre, retro and intravertebral arteries and veins before. The results of this study are profitable to a secure surgery of the spine by the forward way. The best position for ligature is determined to avoid dangerous positions near anterior vertebral foramens and to preserve medullary circulation.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Controlled orthopedic reduction of spinal fractures].

The authors estimation is that malunions are poorly tolerated at the spine level. Therefore they advocate a systematic reduction of fractures at any level of the spine after a review of 100 cases. They describe the closed procedure they used in 63 cases for obtaining reduction without anesthesia, under radiologic and manometric control. Then, in 53 cases, a plaster cast was applied. In 10 other cases, closed reduction was completed by a surgical procedure, either by an anterior or a posterior approach. 15 fractures were surgically reduced and fixed, and 22 cases were treated by rehabilitation only without reduction. An original classification was set up for a precise description of the initial lesions, and the measurement of sequellae and final results.

Arthrodesis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neurotensin may function as a regulatory peptide in small cell lung cancer.

Neurotensin (NT) has been postulated to act as a modulatory agent in the central nervous system. Besides its presence in mammalian brain, NT is produced by small cell carcinoma of the lung (SCLC) and cell lines derived from these tumors. Receptors have also been characterized in some SCLC cell lines leading to the suggestion that NT could regulate the growth of SCLC in an autocrine fashion similar to bombesin/GRP. Previously, we had reported that a 10 nM dose of NT and NT(8-13), but not NT(1-8), elevated cytosolic Ca2+, indicating that SCLC NT receptors may use Ca2+ as a second messenger. Using intact SCLC cells we report that time-course incubations with NT lead to the formation of the amino-terminal fragment NT(1-8) and small amounts of the C-terminal fragment NT(9-13). These fragments are formed by metalloendopeptidase 3.4.24.15 cleaving enzyme at the Arg8-Arg9 bond of NT. Significant levels of soluble 3.4.24.15 (10-17 nmoles/mg Pr-/min) are present in SCLC cell lines. Using the in vitro clonogenic assay we tested the effect of 0.5, 5.0 and 10.0 nM doses of NT, NT(1-8) and NT(8-13) on SCLC clonal growth. NT and the C-terminal fragment NT(8-13) stimulated colony formation whereas the N-terminal fragment did not. In summary, NT may function as a regulatory peptide in SCLC through the formation of peptide fragments.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Surgical technics in tumors of the spine].

The authors have treated two hydatic cysts, three plasmocytomas, one chondrosarcoma, one osteogenic sarcoma and four metastasis at the level of the spine. The surgical procedures may be either palliative or curative. In metastatic lesions, posterior decompression was associated with internal fixation for prevention or improvement of neurological signs, providing more comfort during the patient's survival. Curative procedures were achieved a two-stages excision of the vertebra by anterior and posterior approachs, grafting and fixation using Harrington's rods. Surgery was followed by chemotherapy and roentgentherapy it should be started before onset on neurological troubles. Early results were gratifying flaccid paraplegia excluded.

Adolescent↗