[Most communities can no longer afford their hospitals].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Costs and Cost Analysis↗
Biomedical subjects
R Lindner
Publications and source records attributed to R Lindner.
Alterations of hypothalamic catecholamines in the newborn offspring of gestational diabetic mother rats.
Catecholamines are essential organizers of the developing brain. Throughout life, they are involved, e.g., in the regulation of body weight and metabolism by specific hypothalamic nuclei, which are suggested to be highly vulnerable to maternal gestational hyperglycemia. By application of streptozotocin (30 mg/kg, i.p.) gestational diabetes (GD) was induced in female rats. On the 1st day of life, male GD offspring were underweight (P<0.05) and hyperglycemic (P<0.05), while on the 21st day of life decreased body weight (P<0.001) and elevated pancreatic insulin (P<0.01) were observed. Using HPLC with electrochemical detection, hypothalamic catecholamines were determined in the newborns, and quantitative immunocytochemistry for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was performed. At birth, a tendency towards increased levels of norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) in the whole hypothalami of GD offspring was observed. In the 21-day-old offspring of GD mothers, NE was significantly increased in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMN; P<0.05) and the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA; P<0.05), while DA was significantly elevated in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN; P<0.05) and the LHA (P<0.05). The NE/DA-ratio was found to be decreased in the PVN of GD offspring (P<0.01). Moreover, numerical density of TH-positive neurons was clearly increased within the parvocellular division of the PVN (P<0.0001) as well as in the periventricular hypothalamic area (PER; P<0.05). These data suggest specific alterations of catecholaminergic systems within hypothalamic regulators of body weight and metabolism during early development in the offspring of gestational diabetic mother rats.
Animals↗
A framework to identify learning needs for continuing nurse education using information technology.
This paper concerns one of the main problems facing continuing nurse education, that of matching the learning needs of the individual nurse with the needs of the care setting. This endeavour is inescapable because of the necessity for giving high quality care within financial restraint. Modern information technology, it is suggested, can be helpful in fulfilling the task more easily. A theoretical framework is introduced as a possible solution for developing a computer program which, it is the hope of the author, will be available in the not so far future.
Computers↗
[Suicide in the Bible from the current psychodynamic viewpoint. "There Saul took a sword and fell upon it"].
After a short introduction to psychoanalytical interpretation of literature in general and in the Bible, the stories of Samson and King Saul are examined on the basis of modern psychoanalytical aspects of suicidology (narcissistic theory, object relation theory, self psychology). Samson's beginning is hallmarked by the uncertainty of his parents, their megalomanic fantasies which are projected on the child. His relationships are characterized by violent emotions, intensive conflicts on intimacy and distance and also raging anger at insults and privation. In his suicide he fuses himself with the highly ambivalent primary object and destroys it at the same time he destroys himself. People with narcissistic personality are considered to be extremely suicidal especially in combination with the destructive potency of narcissistic anger.
Bible↗
Characterisation of genotoxic properties of 2',2'-difluorodeoxycytidine.
The genotoxic properties of 2',2'-difluorodeoxycytidine (dFdC) were characterised using diploid, mortal low-passage fibroblasts (LPF cells) and the spontaneously transformed fibroblast cell line V79. In both cell types, incorporation of dFdC into the DNA led to an increase of DNA single-strand breaks evaluated by an in situ nick translation assay and to an accumulation of cells in the S-phase of the cell cycle. At concentrations below those leading to cell cycle arrest, dFdC neither induced sister chromatid exchange (SCE) nor structural chromosome aberrations in LPF cells, whereas V79 cells accumulated SCEs as well as chromosome breaks over a broad dose range. In LPF cells treated with dFdC, chromosomal alterations were detected by the micronucleus assay within a narrow concentration range, whereas in V79 cells, a dose-dependent increase in the appearance of micronuclei was seen up to cytotoxic concentrations. In addition, V79 cells went into apoptosis, as evaluated by nuclear fragmentation and condensation, whereas this phenomenon was not detectable in LPF cells.
Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic↗
Presentation on class II MHC molecules of endogenous lysozyme targeted to the endocytic pathway.
We compared the processing and presentation of the model Ag, hen-egg white lysozyme (HEL) expressed in C3.F6 APC as a fusion protein to three different acid hydrolases: cathepsin D, to an unglycosylated form of cathepsin D, and to pepsinogen. As expected from the biology of mannose 6-phosphate (Man-6-P)-containing enzyme, cathepsin D-HEL was delivered to the endosomal/lysosomal system. In contrast, the unglycosylated cathepsin D-HEL was retained in ER/Golgi and some was found in lysosomes. Most of pepsinogen-HEL was rapidly secreted from the APC. All transfectants presented HEL epitopes to T cell hybridomas. Regardless of the main route of traffic of the proteins, the strong I-Ak binding epitope HEL 48-62 was well presented by all. The biochemical forms of this epitope were identical for all. Three other epitopes of HEL that bind I-Ak with less affinity were processed equally well by unglycosylated cathepsin D-HEL and HEL-Ld. The glycosylated cathepsin D-HEL was less efficient in generating the 114-129 epitope. Pepsinogen-HEL was the less efficient of all transfectants in presenting these subdominant epitopes. Soluble cathepsin D-HEL recovered from culture supernatant was strongly immunogenic when added to C3.F6. The uptake was inhibited by free Man-6-P, indicating that the surface Man-6-P receptor can effectively deliver proteins to the class II MHC system.
Animals↗
[Results of behavioral investigations of broilers kept on various litter materials].
Behavioural investigations by the help of time-sampling-method with broilers kept on different litter materials (wood chip deep litter with or without mixing, straw resp.) in 5 rounds (per round investigated: 5 days x 8 hours x 12 values/hr x 10 broilers = 24000 behavioural data) showed no evident differences between keeping systems which could lead to preferring or rejecting a system. A lower frequency of scratching and ground pecking and a higher percentage of comfort behaviour was found in broilers kept on straw because of increasing amount of faeces and compression of litter material. From the view point of ethology and animal hygiene wood chip deep litter system without mixing and a 10 cm layer of new wood pieces after every round could be recommended if economical aspects allow.
Animals↗
Distinct antigen MHC class II complexes generated by separate processing pathways.
The peptide binding site of MHC class II molecules is open at both ends and, therefore, does not restrict the length of the bound ligand. Here we show that a partially folded protein antigen (*HEL) spontaneously formed SDS-unstable complexes with the purified MHC class II molecule I-Ak (Ak). These complexes were also detected on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) where they stimulated T cells. However, they rapidly disappeared after endocytosis. Intracellular processing of *HEL gave rise to SDS-stable, long-lived Ak complexes containing *HEL peptides and, unexpectedly, full-length *HEL. Both SDS-stable products were formed in low pH compartments and then transported to the plasma membrane. In contrast to *HEL peptides, the stable association of *HEL occurred in an alternative pathway that required mature class II molecules and did not involve HLA-DM or proteases. SDS-stable *HEL-Ak complexes were formed by a reaction of endosomal Ak with endocytosed *HEL, but not by direct conversion of SDS-unstable complexes derived from the plasma membrane. Our work establishes a fundamental difference between the two MHC class II loading pathways and for the first time demonstrates a full-length protein as a product of antigen processing.
Cell Line↗
[Osteomyelitis from Cryptococcus neoformans].
A forty-three-year old patient suspected of having a bone tumor in his left femur, was submitted to the hospital. However, osteomyelitis caused by Cryptococcus neoformans has been demonstrated by culture. The history of the patient revealed a long-term therapy with corticosteroids due to sarcoidosis. The osteomyelitis was treated with fluconazole (200 mg daily p.o.) for three months. Under this therapy the infection resolved.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
Role of auxilin in uncoating clathrin-coated vesicles.
Clathrin-coated vesicles transport selected integral membrane proteins from the cell surface and the trans-Golgi network to the endosomal system. Before fusing with their target the vesicles must be stripped of their coats. This process is effected by the chaperone protein hsp70c together with a 100K cofactor which we here identify as the coat protein auxilin. Auxilin binds with high affinity to assembled clathrin lattices and, in the presence of ATP, recruits hsp70c. Dissociation of the lattice does not depend as previously supposed on clathrin light chains or on the amino-terminal domain of the heavy chain. The presence of a J-domain at its carboxy terminus now defines auxilin as a member of the DnaJ protein family. In conjunction with hsp70, DnaJ proteins catalyse protein folding, protein transport across membranes and the selective disruption of protein-protein interactions. We show that deletion of the J-domain of auxilin results in the loss of cofactor activity.
Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport↗
Effects of dextran on the self-association of human spectrin.
The self-association of human spectrin is enhanced in the presence of dextran. The equilibrium constant for association of two heterodimers to form a tetramer is increased by an order of magnitude in the presence of 20% dextran. The rate constant for association is also enhanced, while the rate constant for dissociation is almost independent of dextran concentration. The degree of enhancement of association is dependent only on the mass concentration of dextran; for a given mass concentration of dextran the effect is independent of dextran molecular weight. These effects are believed to be due to excluded volume phenomena, and a model is presented that realistically accounts for the effects. These results imply that the association of spectrin within the erythrocyte will be enhanced by the presence of hemoglobin.
Dextrans↗
[Ultrasound diagnosis of birth trauma lesion of the cervical spine].
Ultrasonographic imaging in the newborn via a posterior approach allows the visualization of the craniocervical junction. We describe a case presenting with clinical signs of a spinal cord injury after delivery by forceps extraction. The sonographic examination demonstrated an increased cervical cord echogenicity during the first days of life, and a decrease of cord size at the craniocervical junction after 3 weeks. MRI confirmed these findings. Sonography is useful in showing severe spinal cord injury with minimal handling of these severely traumatized neonates.
Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
Clathrin-associated proteins of bovine brain coated vesicles. An analysis of their number and assembly-promoting activity.
In search of hitherto undiscovered coat proteins, clathrin-associated proteins (APs) from coated vesicles of bovine brain were affinity-purified by one cycle of coat assembly and fractionated by gel filtration on Superose 6. Immunochemical and gel electrophoretic analysis of the fractions revealed, besides AP180, auxilin, HA1, and HA2, a component with M(r) approximately 140,000. This protein (p140) is present in coated vesicles in about equimolar proportion to auxilin. The contribution of HA1, HA2, AP180, and auxilin to the total assembly activity in the Tris-soluble coat protein fraction were quantitatively analyzed by measuring the reduction in activity when each protein was removed from the mixture by immunoaffinity chromatography. It was found that AP180 accounts for 61% and HA2 for 33% of the activity, whereas auxilin, HA1, and p140 made a negligible contribution. Based on the relative molar concentration of APs in the coat protein fraction, AP180 is about 4 times more active in promoting clathrin assembly than are HA2 or the other APs.
Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport↗
What drives neonatal screening programs?
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Cystic Fibrosis↗
[Integrated imaging of head and neck tumors in children].
Examinations of 28 children with various tumors of the visceral cranium and neck have shown that both ultrasound and magnetic resonance tomography should be used primarily for diagnosis and follow-up. These tomographic methods are especially suitable for use in children. Ultrasound is better suited to visualization of localized, superficial masses and MRT to examination of deeper lying tumors within the complex structures of the visceral cranium and neck. X-rays in different planes should be regarded as supplementary examinations. The use of CT, preferably as high-resolution CT, provides more precise visualization of fine bone structures. Conventional tomography has been almost completely replaced by CT. Angiography is applied mainly in subsequent, interventional measures; videofluoroscopy should be used to examine lesions of the upper airways and digestive tract.
Adolescent↗
Light-chain-independent binding of adaptors, AP180, and auxilin to clathrin.
Binding of coated vesicle assembly proteins to clathrin causes it to assemble into regular coat structures. The assembly protein fraction of bovine brain coated vesicles comprises AP180, auxilin, and HA1 and HA2 adaptors. Clathrin heavy chains, separated from their light chains, polymerize with unimpaired efficiency when assembly proteins are added. The reassembled coats were purified by sucrose gradient centrifugation and examined for composition by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting. We found that all four major coat proteins are incorporated in the presence and absence of light chains. Moreover, each of the purified coat proteins is able to associate directly with clathrin heavy chains in preassembled cages as efficiently as with intact clathrin. We conclude that light chains are not essential for the interaction of AP180, auxilin, and HA1 and HA2 with clathrin.
Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport↗
[Molybdenum as an air pollutant].
Investigations into the reasons for the retarded growth and discolouration of a small area of a field of rape situated on the outskirts of Vienna revealed higher than normal levels of molybdenum in the soil (up to 430 micrograms/l) and in the water (up to 9.7 mg/l). The source of the pollution was traced to a neighbouring industrial plant that was emitting the metal via the chimney stack. A review of the literature on the toxic effects of molybdenum in general and as an air pollutant in particular is provided. This shows that, in contrast to animals, this effect is relatively small in humans and plants. Nevertheless, the occupation-related inhalation of the metal has been shown to be associated with pneumoconiosis and gout-like symptoms.
Air Pollutants↗
Acute subdural hematoma with and without multiple injuries.
A series of 109 patients with clotted subdural hematomas operated on within 72 hours of closed head injuries was evaluated retrospectively. Twenty-seven patients with multiple injuries showed a mortality rate of 77%, those without 59%.
Adolescent↗