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R Liard

Publications and source records attributed to R Liard.

47 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Respiratory pathology in occupational medicine: evaluation of 3 methods of data collection and research on risk factors].

Three methods of gathering data of respiratory symptoms (using a self questionnaire, a detailed interview and a shortened interview) were compared in 4.206 construction workers in different branches of their profession. There was non significant difference between the replies given, in either sex, to the self questionnaire and those given in the detailed interview by employees of the research bureau. The comparison between the long and the short interview, carried out on the painters, plumbers, carpenters and brick-layers did not show any difference for those questions asked in the same manner in the two documents. On the other hand the question relating to intrathoracic wheezing, which was more condensed in the shortened interview, did not have the same degree of affirmative replies. The replies concerning cough and expectoration obtained by the two methods enabled a comparison to be made between prevalance of chronic bronchitis in the different occupations. This pathology was most frequently seen amongst bricklayers and painters. Other factors (nationality, age, smoking habits) were also linked to chronic bronchitis. Taking all these factors into account has not weakened the link between chronic bronchitis and occupation.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Tuberculin screening and BCG vaccination in primary school children in the Bas-Rhin in 1976/1977].

A campaign of tuberculin testing in standard fashion, followed by BCG vaccination in those giving an inadequate reaction, was carried out on all children in the Bas-Rhin department in France in their first primary school year for the year 1976-1977. Of 15,560 pupils enrolled 64.5 percent had already had at least one BCG vaccination. 12,820 had the standard test, the remaining 2,740 were either absent or parents refused permission. 27.8 percent of those vaccinated had an indurated area of more than 4 mm diameter, compared to 7.4 percent among those not vaccinated. 9,517 children were vaccinated or revaccinated during the campaign, by means of scarification of intradermal injection. 4,472 had a standard post-vaccine test during the following school-year: a diameter of induration of 4 mm or less was found in 28.9 percent. The proportion varied according to the doctors who had vaccinated them but was lower among the children vaccinated by intradermal injection.

BCG Vaccine↗
PubMed1983

[Evolution of knowledge on the treatment of tuberculosis and therapy prescribed in all new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis in a French community since 1970].

The many papers about the treatment of tuberculosis published during the last fifteen years show the different stages of the evolution of knowledge in this field. The Register of tubercular patients, steadily brought up to date in the French "département" Bas-Rhin, gives interesting information concerning the evolution of treatment in routine. The nature of chemotherapy shows that the newly acquired knowledge is rapidly applied, whereas the average duration of treatment is regularly shortened but is still longer than the duration recommended by researchers. A greater discrepancy appears in hospitalisation: although the efficacy of domiciliary treatment has been known and proved since the early sixties, the proportion of patients having an entirely domiciliary treatment is still low, and in 1978 over 3 patients out of 4 were hospitalized for 4.4 months on average.

Antibiotics, Antitubercular↗
PubMed1983

[Tuberculosis in France. Current epidemiologic status and evolution over the last 10 years].

By evaluating the statistics of the cause of death, the current reports of antituberculous clinics and the information gathered from the tuberculosis registers of certain departments, an epidemiological survey in France shows that there were 2,048 deaths due to tuberculosis in 1981 (3.8 per 100,000). The level is steadily falling; these were 8.2/100,000 in 1970. It is the same for morbidity, the incidence of all forms of tuberculosis was 54 0/0000 in 1972 and 26.9 in 1980. In the register in the Bas-Rhin the level fell from 70.5 to 30.4, in the Rhône from 41.6 to 14.4 and in the Hautes Pyrénées from 22.2 (in 1973) to 15.3. In the Bas-Rhin the prevalence has fallen steadily: 233.3 in 1972 to 97.7 in 1979. Foreigners are five times more affected than the French by respiratory forms and 8 times more for extra-respiratory tuberculosis. Those who came from Black Africa are the most affected.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Prevalence of respiratory symptoms in Parisian teenagers according to smoking habits.

The relationship between respiratory symptoms and smoking habits, according to sex, was studied in 2266 teenagers attending secondary school in Paris. Among smokers, the prevalence of usual cough or phlegm, or both, was higher in girls than in boys, whereas such was not the case among non-smokers. That prevalence, as well as the proportion of people with wheezing, were more closely associated with the total number of cigarettes ever smoked by girls than by boys. Moreover, there was a weak but significant association between the total number of cigarettes smoked and respiratory function--FEV1/Ht3 in girls only.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Factors related to a population's behaviour towards x-ray screening of tuberculosis (author's transl)].

A study on the behaviour of a population towards a preventive measure (X-ray screening of tuberculosis) was carried out in 6,176 adults (average age 55), offered screening by the Mobile X-ray Screening Department of "D.D.A.S.S.", from February to June 1979, 68.6 per cent of them completed and returned the self-administered postal questionnaire. The following factors were related to people's behaviour: age, occupation, educational level, the fact of being invited for the second or third time and of not being vaccinated by B.C.G. According to the results of this survey no personal motivation related to the knowledge and the fear of the disease seems to guide people in their response to the measure offered.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Smoking and chronic respiratory symptoms: prevalence in male and female smokers.

The relationship between respiratory symptoms and smoking habits, according to sex, was studied in 899 adults (average age 39, 55 per cent male) in a Paris industrial medical center. The relative risk of having chronic bronchitis among smokers, compared to nonsmokers, was higher in females (3.3) than in males (1.6). The prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms, dyspnoea and wheezing was more closely associated with the number of cigarettes smoked per day in females than in males. No confounding factor was found to be responsible for these results.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Respiratory symptoms in school-age children, in 7 areas of France].

A study of respiratory symptoms in 6918 schoolchildren aged 6-10 years was carried out in 1975, in 7 French areas having different pollution levels. The proportion of children with respiratory symptoms (cough and/or wheezing), dyspnoea, colds and colds "going to the chest" was higher in Paris than in the other areas. The frequency was related to age, allergy and some socio-economic factors. After adjustment for these factors the difference in the respiratory symptoms between those in Paris and elsewhere was still statistically significant. According to 1974 average pollution data, air was more polluted in Paris than in the other areas, particularly for black smoke.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Analysis of the methacholine dose-response curve: usefulness of a simplified log-logistic model in epidemiological studies.

The object of the study was to find a model to summarize all the information from dose-response curves, by determining the coefficients to be used to compare groups of subjects. Three coefficients were calculated from the following model: F(d)/F(o) = ONE - k(d-delta)alpha+, where F(d)/F(o) was the ratio between FEV1 at dose (d) of methacholine and prechallenge FEV1, 'k' the slope of the relative variation of FEV1 with the dose, 'delta' the threshold dose and 'alpha' a shape factor. The model was applied to the study of hyperresponsiveness in a population of 317 men. The results illustrated the interest of this model which was applicable to 91% of the population and permitted fine discrimination of the groups studied.

Adult↗