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Biomedical subjects

R Levy

Publications and source records attributed to R Levy.

At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

The monoclonality of human B-cell lymphomas.

Human tissues involved with lymphoma have been examined in frozen sections for immunoglobulin-bearing cells by a technique involving double-label immunofluorescence with mixed anti-kappa and anti-lambda antibodies. F (ab')2 fragments of purified antibodies were employed to avoid any binding via Fc receptors. B cell lymphomas were shown to be composed of monoclonal populations of Ig bearing cells, whereas normal or reactive lymphoid follicles contained a mosaic of Ig-bearing cells derived from multiple clones. Nodules of lymphoma were often surrounded by normal polyclonal B cell populations. We anticipates that the approach described here will be useful in the diagnosis of lymphoma, differentiating it from reactive lymphoid hyperplasia by the demostration of monoclonality. In addition, it should provide a sensitive and reliable tool for investigating the immunobiology of human lymphoma.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1977

Ectopic ACTH, prostatic oat cell carcinoma, and marked hypernatremia.

Locally recurrent, poorly differentiated carcinoma of the prostate was associated with hypokalemic alkalosis, marked hypernatremia, diabetes mellitus of recent onset, and hyperosmolar syndrome. These findings, with mild hypertension, in the absence of clinical features of Cushing's syndrome, suggested an ectopic ACTH syndrome. Plasma ACTH and cortisol levels were markedly elevated, and failed to suppress in response to either low or high-dose dexamethazone administration. The patient's condition deteriorated rapidly. Autopsy findings included carcinoma extensively infiltrating the prostate with extension to the urinary bladder, and metastases confined to the pelvic nodes and soft tissues. The adrenal glands weighed 23 g and showed diffuse hyperplasia. Extract of the prostatic tumor was analyzed for ACTH and showed approximately 40 times normal plasma levels (or about 4,010 pg/g of tissue); ultrastructural features showed secretory granules consistent with ACTH content of the tumor cells. Such cells were positive when stained for ACTH by peroxidase-tagged immunochemical methods. The case fulfills all established criteria for relating excess corticosteroid production and nonpituitary tumors.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1977

Homogeneous antibodies directed against human cell surface antigens: I. The mouse spleen fragment culture response to T and B cell lines derived from the same individual.

The use of the mouse spleen fragment culture system is extended to the production of antibodies to human lymphoblastoid cell lines. These antibodies were tested for reactivity against the immunizing cell line, and against a second cell line which had been derived from the same human blood sample. Many of the antibodies were found to discriminate between the 2 isogenic lines. These results demonstrate the potential of the mouse spleen fragment culture system to provide homogeneous reagents which detect distinguishing markers on closely related human cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Jimson seed poisoning-- a new hallucinogen on the horizon.

Of 27 patients with Jimson seed poisoning recently treated in the University of Cincinnati Medical Center, 15 were admitted to the hospital, while 12 were treated and released. The patients ranged in age from 13 to 21. The dose was between 2 gm and 25 gm. Time from ingestion to arrival in the emergency department averaged 12.1 hours for those admitted and 10 hours for those who were not. All patients had altered mental status. Twenty-five of the 27 received Ipecac and all but one received at least 2 mg of physostigmine, which produced dramatic improvement in central nervous system symptoms. The authors have developed a management protocol based on physiologic criteria.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Interactional approach to the difficult emergency department patient.

An area of emergency medicine often overlooked is the management of physician-patient relationships. In the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, we use a method for facilitating difficult physician-patient interactions that includes presentation of case-study vignettes followed by recommendations for preventing or ameliorating undesirable interactions. Five of these vignettes are examined here, followed by commentary specific to the individual cases. General principles of action include letting patients or relatives have their say, remaining calm, empathic, courteous, objective and sharing information with patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

The effect of cyclandelate in depressed and demented patients: a controlled study in psychogeriatric patients.

In a double-blind clinical trial the effects of the vasodilator drug cyclandelate (in a dose of 1200 mg daily) were studied in a group of patients with depressive illnesses or dementing conditions. The measures used before treatment and after six weeks' treatment were: clinical rating, psychometric tests (Paired Associate Learning Test, Digit Copying Test, Digit Substitution Test, and Serial Learning Test), cortical evoked potentials, the sedation threshold and the Gresham Questionnaire. In the depressive group there were no significant differences in the changes in scores at six weeks in three groups: those who received cyclandelate plus amitriptyline, those who received placebo plus amitriptyline, and those who received neither placebo nor cyclandelate. In the demented group there were significant changes in favour of the placebo on two measures (Digit Copying test, and one component of the auditory evoked response). The results do not support the previously reported views claiming, in a number of studies, a significant improvement in the performance of both demented and normal elderly subjects treated with cyclandelate. The significance of these findings is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Differential effects of a phone reminder on appointment keeping for patients with long and short between-visit intervals.

In the Harborview Medical Center pediatrics clinic, we were interested in testing whether a phone call would increase appointment-keeping behavior and whether the call would have a differential effect depending on the interval between appointments. Ninety-eight patients were studied who had scheduled appointments 3 to 264 days in advance and still had these appointments 3 days prior to appointment time. Patients who were randomly placed in an experimental condition received a reminder call. Control patients received no call. The results indicate some difference between compliance rates of the experimental and control conditions in the expected direction (X2=3.715, df=1, p less than .05). Patients whose visits were scheduled more than 14 days prior to the appointment time ("long-interval" patients) were separated from patients whose appointments were scheduled more recently. A significant difference in appointment-keeping rates between the experimental and control groups was found (X2=4.908, df=1, p less than .025), but only for the "long-interval" patients. Therefore, the use of a phone cue is particularly recommended for these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

The in vitro antibody response to cell surface antigens. I. The xenogeneic response to human leukemia cells.

An in vitro spleen fragment culture system has been developed for the production and analysis of xenogeneic antibody responses to cell surface antigens. Depending on the methods of immunization and in vitro stimulation employed, mouse spleen fragments can produce antibody of both IgG and IgM classes directed against human cell surface antigens for more than 30 days in culture. A saturation binding analysis of the antibody products indicates that their range of specificities was more restricted than that of serum antibody. Approximately 5% of the in vitro antibody products raised against a homogeneous population of human leukemia cells could distinguish between the antigens present on the leukemia cells and those present on normal human lymphocytes. Methods previously employed to influence the range of serum antibodies expressed against complex immunogens, such as suppression of certain responses by passive administration of antibody at the time of immunization, were tested in the in vitro spleen culture system and resulted in successful modulation of the antibody response patterns observed.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

The in vitro antibody response to cell surface antigens. II. Monoclonal antibodies to human leukemia cells.

A method has been developed for the production of monoclonal mouse antibody responses in vitro against human cell surface antigens. Limiting numbers of immune spleen cells were transferred to syngeneic, irradiated recipients whose spleen fragments were then cultured in vitro and stimulated to produce antibody. The majority of the antibody from any one fragment culture was likely to be the product of a single donor B cell and thus monoclonal. Evidence for this included a linear relationship between donor cell transferred and spleen fragments producing antibody, extremely restricted isoelectric focusing patterns of the individual antibody products, and unique reactivity patterns of these antibodies against a panel of human lymphoid cells. Different human B leukemia cells were seen as immunogenically distinct by the mouse. By using the monoclonal mouse antibodies as probes, a fine analysis of cell surface antigens is jow possible.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Intravenous fructose treatment of acute alcohol intoxication. Effects on alcohol metabolism.

This study was designed to determine the efficacy of the intravenous administration of fructose in the treatment of acute alcohol intoxication. The study was prospective and double-blind, with glucose serving as the control. Treatment with glucose and fructose was determined by random selection. Fructose administration did not alter the clinical status or rate of alcohol metabolism as reflected by the decline in serum concentration. In addition, a significant elevation (P less than .05) in serum uric acid and lactate levels occurred in the patients receiving fructose. The results indicate that fructose is of no value in the treatment of acute alcohol intoxication, and produces metabolic abnormalities that could be harmful to the patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Fat embolism syndrome in delirium tremens.

Delirium tremens in a common feature in the alcoholic population. The Fat Embolism Syndrome (FES) is characterized by fever, encephalopathy, respiratory failure and skin petechiae. Fat embolism has been associated with alcoholics but the diagnosis was apparent only at autopsy. We present an alcoholic male who developed delirium tremens unresponsive to therapy, followed by features of the FES. Asterixis and Korsakoff's psychosis are newly described features of this syndrome. Corticosteroids were a definitive therapy in this case.

Alcohol Amnestic Disorder↗
PubMed1977

Left atrial thrombosis complicating mitral stenosis: results of surgical treatment.

In 343 patients treated surgically for mitral valve disease, there was thrombosis of the left atrium in 40. Massive atrial thrombosis was present in 32 of them, yet the diagnosis was suspected or established preoperatively in only 12, because of insufficient clinical signs. A transventricular mitral commissurotomy was performed in 32 patients and mitral valve replacement in the remaining 8. Surgical mortality was 23% in the patients with atrial thrombosis compared with 7% in the trombus-free patients: 66% of the deaths were due to cerebral embolism. Systemic embolism occurred in 17% of the patients who had a closed approach initially and in 27% following a planned open procedure. Among the survivors, 65% were asymptomatic or markedly improved; the average follow-up was 42 months. Atrial thrombosis increases the surgical risk because of the high incidence of operative embolism, a complication that is not avoided by the use of open procedures, but that could be prevented by earlier surgical treatment of mitral stenosis, before atrial thrombi develop.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Development and long term prognosis of lupus erythematosus (apropos of 124 cases)].

The authors report their experience of the course of lupus erythematosus. The ten year survival rate in 124 patients was 79.3 %. This good result is attributed to the effective treatment of the disorder using corticosteroids; often associated with ummuno-suppressants in severe cases. However, the side-effects of these drugs remain a source of concern and the ideal treatment for lupus has yet to be discovered.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1976

Impairment of ADP-induced platelet aggregation by hashish components.

ADP-induced aggregation of washed human platelets is inhibited by the hashish components delta1-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). The inhibition is counteracted by added ADP. When the cannabinoids are present at concentrations higher than 10(-5)M, the platelets aggregate non-reversibly, independently of an added inducer, apparently due to lysis and release of endogenous inducers. THC is clearly more potent than CBD in exhibiting the biphasic effect. Collagen- and thrombin-induced aggregation of washed platelets are hardly affected by the cannabinoids. THC and CBD also curtail ADP-induced reversible aggregation in platelet-rich plasma, while serotonin release and irreversible aggregation, caused by either ADP, collagen or thrombin, are not affected by the cannabinoids in platelet-rich plasma. The data point to associated sites for ADP and the cannabinoids on the platelet membrane.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1976

Interaction specificity of the anthracyclines with deoxyribonucleic acid.

The interaction specificity of salmon sperm DNA with various derivatives of daunorubicin has been studied. The results of binding, viscometric, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), flow dichroism, DNA template inhibition, rates of dissociation, and circular dichroism studies are found to be consistent with an intercalation mode of binding of the anthracycline ring as has been shown by other investigators. Moreover, it is observed that (i) strength of binding, (ii) the ease of dissociation of DNA-anthracycline complexes, and (iii) the degree of inhibition of the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase are dependent on the presence of the amino sugar moiety of daunoseamine. The results are consistent with specific H bonding of the amino group of the sugar moiety with DNA as has been suggested earlier by Pigram et al. (Pigram, W.J., Fuller, W., and Hamilton, L.D. (1972), Nature (London), New Biol. 235, 17). Peptide derivatives substituted at the amino sugar function of daunorubicin lower the affinity of the drug to DNA and presumably interfere with the "full insertion" of the anthracycline drugs between base pairs of DNA. The significance of these findings in relation to the biological efficacy of daunorubicin and related derivatives as antileukemic agents is discussed.

Animals↗