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Biomedical subjects

R Levin

Publications and source records attributed to R Levin.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

The distribution and utilization of CNSs on Long Island.

The present study provides a data base concerning the professional characteristics and various roles and functions of the CNS. Data for this survey research were collected by questionnaire and compared to the literature and ANA's National Survey of Clinical Nurse Specialists which was done in 1984. Results obtained from this research should serve as a springboard for further study of this essential role.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

[Role perception of medical residents in relation to hospital size and specialty].

The resident's perception of the nature of the socialization process during specialization in relation to hospital size and field of specialization was studied. A closed-type questionnaire was administered to 258 residents who in 1984 registered for Phase One of the National Board Examination during their training. The results indicate considerable homogeneity in their perception of the norms and rewards of the practice of medicine. No significant differences were found by field of specialization or size of hospital. However, there were significant differences in the nature of the actual training in relation to the size of the hospital. A great deal of direct training and a large routine workload was reported by residents in medium-sized hospitals as compared with large and small hospitals. Surprisingly, achievements of residents were not congruent with the pattern of training: the highest rate of success in the examination was achieved by residents in large hospitals, a lower rate in small hospitals, while the lowest was in medium-sized hospitals.

Hospital Bed Capacity↗
PubMed1989

Local anesthesia prevents hypertension following application of the Mayfield skull-pin head holder.

A marked hypertensive response is often seen when the Mayfield skull-pin device is applied to stabilize the head of the anesthetized patient for neurosurgery. In a prospective, blinded and randomized trial, 10 patients received an infiltration block of 0.5% mepivacaine with epinephrine 5 micrograms/ml (3 ml at each pin site) 1 min before the Mayfield holder was applied. Ten patients received normal saline and served as controls. All patients were under general anesthesia induced with sodium pentothal, fentanyl and pancuronium, and maintained with isoflurane in nitrous oxide/oxygen and increments of fentanyl. In the control group, there were significant increases in mean arterial pressure (mean increase 43%, P less than 0.001) and heart rate (15%, P less than 0.01) at 0.5, 1 and 2 min after application. In the mepivacaine group, no significant changes occurred. Infiltration of local anesthetic with epinephrine can thus safely protect against potentially dangerous increases in arterial pressure when the Mayfield holder is used.

Anesthesia, Local↗
PubMed1989

Relations among nightmare frequency and ego strength, death anxiety, and sex of college students.

The present study was designed to investigate empirically the relationship between self-reports of nightmare frequency and ego strength and death anxiety in both men and women. In addition, the interrelations among these variables were assessed. 20 undergraduates with high frequencies of nightmares and 20 with low frequencies (10 men and 10 women per group) were administered the Barron Ego Strength Scale and a death anxiety scale. Significant differences were found between nightmare groups on the Barron scale for men and women but none on the death anxiety scale either by nightmare frequency or sex. A significant negative correlation of -.47 between death anxiety and ego strength was found for women and in one high frequency group. Women with high frequencies of nightmares showed the highest correlation, -.83. These data suggest that nightmare frequency may be a mediating factor in the relationship between ego strength, death anxiety, and sex of subject.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Beyond "the men of steel". The origins and significance of house staff training stress.

Stress is a common and significant component of house staff training. It has a dual capacity to support and hinder the trainee's education and well-being. However, there has been infrequent attention to the purpose and significance of training stress in the medical literature. The myths and traditions of medicine that foster sayings such as "in the days of the giants" or "the men of steel" do not sufficiently explain the dynamics of house staff stress. This article examines the origins, effects, and meaning of house officer stress. Stress seems to originate from as well as influence: the psychology of physicians, patient care, hospital economics, and the relationship between trainees and educators. Adaptations to stress acquired in training influence the house officer's future professional and personal well-being. Evaluation of training stress can help clarify related issues such as physician impairment and mentoring in medical education.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Bone mineral content in children 1 to 6 years of age. Detectable sex differences after 4 years of age.

Age- and sex-specific bone mineral measures have not been available for healthy preschool children. We determined bone mineral content (BMC) and bone width in 89 children 1 to 6 years of age using direct photon absorptiometry at the one-third distal radius site. The BMC increased significantly with age, and bone width increased slightly with age. After stratification by age, male and female children had similar BMC from 1 to 4 years of age, but female children had significantly lower BMC at 5 to 6 years of age.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1987

Development of monoclonal antibodies directed against different epitopes of human chorionic gonadotropin.

Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) is a 40,000 dalton glycoprotein composed of two non-identical alpha- and beta-subunits. HCG and other related pituitary hormones, such as human luteinizing hormones (HLH), human follicle stimulating hormone (HFSH), and human thyroid stimulating hormone (HTSH), consist of nearly identical alpha-chains. However, their beta-chains show a variable degree of amino acid sequence homology. Detection and subsequent quantitative determination of HCG in human biological fluids is useful in early diagnosis of pregnancy and in monitoring of tumor patients. For these applications monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) with defined specificity are required. Several hybridomas secreting McAbs to HCG have been isolated. The hybridoma cells have been developed by fusion of NS1 myeloma cells with spleen cells of Balb/C mice immunized with HCG. With the aid of an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, six McAbs were characterized. McAbs A-73, A-76 and A-112 recognize an epitope present on the alpha-HCG subunit. McAbs B-68, B-69 and B-106 recognize an antigenic determinant associated with the beta-HCG subunit. Two of these McAbs: B-68 and B-69 are directed against an epitope on the B subunit specific to the HCG molecule and B-106 McAb towards an epitope common to HCG, TSH, LH and FSH molecule. In a hemagglutination test, only the A-73 McAb is capable of inducing agglutination of sheep red blood cells coated with HCG, thus suggesting that this McAb recognizes a repeating epitope on the alpha-HCG molecule.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

The value of nasopharyngeal recording in psychiatric patients.

The utility of nasopharyngeal (NP) recording in psychiatry is controversial. To assess its value, 302 NP recordings from patients with psychiatric illnesses were reviewed. Among the 81 patients whose electroencephalograms (EEGs) demonstrated spikes or sharp waves, 10 patients (12%) were found to have epileptic foci at the mesiobasal temporal region recorded exclusively by NP leads. However, all of these recordings showed additional independent epileptic foci detected by scalp electrodes. Five patients (6%) had epileptic discharges simultaneously recorded from NP and scalp electrodes. No recording showed all epileptic discharges to be exclusively recorded by NP leads. These findings suggest that although NP recording may not be absolutely required to determine if an EEG contains epileptiform discharges, in a psychiatric population, it may be useful to detect additional epileptic foci at the mesiobasal temporal region.

Electrodes↗
PubMed1986

EMC virus infection in baboons as a model for studies on antiviral substances.

EMC virus causes a lethal infection in baboon monkeys within 4-8 days following subcutaneous injection with 10(4)-10(8) pfu of virus. The infection is accompanied by viremia, invasion of heart muscle and of brain. Monkeys infected with 10(6) pfu of EMC virus were treated with human leukocyte interferon. The interferon was injected intramuscularly first 0, 0.5, 6 and 24 h post-infection, then twice daily with a dose of 3 X 10(6) units for 5 consecutive days. All the monkeys treated with interferon remained alive and healthy. Animals infected with EMC virus, but not treated with interferon died within 6 days with evidence of myocarditis. The EMC virus-interferon interaction in baboon monkeys seems to provide a useful primate model system for testing the prophylactic and therapeutic antiviral activity of interferons or other antiviral substances.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Infantile omnipotence and grandiosity.

A distinction is made between infantile omnipotence and grandiosity. The retention of the former is considered necessary for health and the latter is considered pathological. The former is described as feeling comfortable though it can also be perceived both subjectively and objectively as irrational. The latter is viewed as ultimately distressing, though it can be subjectively experienced as necessary. Grandiosity is seen as a defense against repressed omnipotence. The repression of omnipotence appears to be caused by parents who are threatened by its power. Ways of making the distinction between omnipotence and grandiosity are discussed. Means of treatment and clinical examples are given.

Defense Mechanisms↗
PubMed1985

Ventricular fibrillation in a tetraplegic patient who had a therapeutic level of a tricyclic antidepressant. Case report.

A case is presented of a young, chronic tetraplegic patient who, shortly after achieving therapeutic levels of imipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) developed a life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia. Since tetraplegic patients frequently manifest evidence of autonomic supersensitivity, the autonomic effects of the TCA may have led to the cardiac arrhythmia. Caution should be exercised in the use of TCA's in tetraplegic patients.

Adult↗