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Biomedical subjects

R Leroy

Publications and source records attributed to R Leroy.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Short-term clinical study comparing supragingival plaque removal and gingival bleeding reduction of the Philips Jordan HP735 to a manual toothbrush in periodontal patients in a maintenance program.

The Philips Jordan HP735 was compared to a manual brush for plaque removal efficacy and reduction of gingival bleeding. Subjects in a periodontal maintenance program were randomly divided into two groups; Group I (n = 27), average age 36.9 years, brushed with the manual brush; and Group II (n = 22), average age 32.9 years, brushed with the Philips Jordan HP735 electric brush. A dichotomous plaque and bleeding index was used at six sites on all teeth at baseline, three, six and nine weeks. The subjects did not use any other cleaning devices during the study. No significant statistical difference in plaque score or bleeding score was found between the two groups at baseline. Plaque scores did not statistically significantly decrease over time in either group, and there was no significant difference in plaque removal between groups during the study. The bleeding index decreased significantly in the electric toothbrushing group; however, due to the large variation in bleeding scores between subjects, the difference in the number of bleeding sites was not statistically significant between the two groups. In conclusion, in a group of periodontal patients in a maintenance phase, using an electric toothbrush did not significantly enhance plaque removal, but did decrease bleeding compared to baseline. The difference in bleeding percentages was not statistically significant compared to a manual brush.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[In the interests of taking one's time even when one reads a scientific article! Critical review of the literature on tooth eruption].

Nowadays everybody has access to the medical literature, not only through the libraries of the universities, but even more conveniently via Medline and Pubmed. It is very tempting only to read abstracts and summaries instead of "wasting time" by reading the whole article. Reading the article itself however enables the reader to select only these articles that have a good methodological and statistical basis. In this contribution several topics will be discussed that may help the reader to read scientific articles with a critical mind: definitions, quality of the data, study concepts, composition of the sample, control group, statistical analysis, sample size and interpretation of the results. Different items are exemplified with articles that deal with the emergence of permanent teeth.

Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed2001

[Factors determining dental plaque and their relation to the assessment of caries among 7-year-old Flemish children].

The present investigation aimed to assess the impact of a number of variables on the variation on the amount of dental plaque present in the mixed dentition of 7-year-old Flemish children and to investigate a potential correlation between caries experience and the amount of dental plaque. Analyses were performed with ordinal plaque index as outcome measure, considering the children's school (i.e. class) as a random effect. This random effect turned out to be of great importance when dealing with large clustered samples. From the multiple logistic regression analysis, it was concluded that the older the subjects the more dental plaque was observed (or = 1.35; CI: 1.08-1.68; P = 0.0081). Four exploratory variables, could be identified as important risk indicators for dental plaque accumulation in the mixed dentition: 'start of brushing after the age of 2 years' (or = 1.161; CI: 1.09-1.23; P < 0.0001), 'brushing frequency of < 1 x/day (or = 1.37; CI: 1.12-1.66; P = 0.0019), more than two in between meal snacks (or = 1.18; CI: 1.03-1.36; P = 0.02) and daily intake of sugar containing drinks (or = 1.24; CI: 1.08-1.42; P = 0.002). Further, being male was linked to a higher amount of plaque (or = 1.16; CI: 1.00-1.34; P = 0.0506). Finally a weak but significant correlation (spearman's rho: r = 0.23; P < 0.0001) between caries experience and the amount of cervical plaque was shown.

Belgium↗
PubMed1999

Characterization of mutations in the gene doublecortin in patients with double cortex syndrome.

Mutations in the X-linked gene doublecortin, which encodes a protein with no dear structural homologues, are found in pedigrees in which affected females show "double cortex" syndrome (DC; also known as subcortical band heterotopia or laminar heterotopia) and affected males show X-linked lissencephaly. Mutations in doublecortin also cause sporadic DC in females. To determine the incidence of doublecortin mutations in DC, we investigated a cohort of eight pedigrees and 47 sporadic patients with DC for mutations in the doublecortin open reading frame as assessed by single-stranded conformational polymorphism analysis. Mutations were identified in each of the eight DC pedigrees (100%), and in 18 of the 47 sporadic DC patients (38%). Identified mutations were of two types, protein truncation mutations and single amino acid substitution mutations. However, pedigrees with DC displayed almost exclusively single amino acid substitution mutations, suggesting that patients with these mutations may have less of a reproductive disadvantage versus those patients with protein truncation mutations. Single amino acid substitution mutations were tightly clustered in two regions of the open reading frame, suggesting that these two regions are critical for the function of the Doublecortin protein.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1999

[Diabetes before pregnancy, apropos of 143 cases].

OBJECTIVE: The authors want to appraise the management of diabetes prior to pregnancy in a local population treated in the Lille University Hospital. METHOD: This is a retrospective study of 143 pregnancies occurring in 111 patients with diabetes prior to pregnancy, between 1987 and 1997, in the Obstetrics Department at the Lille University Hospital. RESULTS: Only one-third of the patients benefited from preconception management; the stability of diabetes during the first trimester was satisfactory in 50% of the cases. The maternal complications are represented by preeclampsia (20%), metabolic complications specific to diabetes (hypoglycemia, ketoacidosis), the aggravation or the emergence of a retinopathy (10%) and polyhydramnios (19%). Concerning the termination of the pregnancies, of the 147 fetuses (four twin pregnancies), 140 newborns in good health, two neonatal deaths, three in-utero deaths and two therapeutic terminations of pregnancy were observed. The fetal malformation rate was 9.5% (14 cases/147). The cesarean section rate was 63%, whereas the fetal macrosomatia rate was 35%, with dystocia in 26% of the deliveries (outside of planned cesareans). Three shoulder dystocia were observed (two requiring the Jacquemier's maneuver and one with transitory plexus brachial palsy for a newborn weighing 5,650 g). CONCLUSION: The authors conclude that preconception management (one-third of the patients in this series) and management of during the first trimester of pregnancy (50% in this series) was insufficient. This fact is perhaps due to the confusion, for many practitioners, with gestational diabetes, which is a very mediatized affection, though much less severe for the fetus and mother.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

The results of computer-assisted ambulatory 16-channel EEG.

The objective of this study was to examine the results of 16-channel computer-assisted outpatient long-term EEG monitoring (CO-LTM) and to compare those results to previously published reports using 4- and 8-channel ambulatory cassette-based continuous recordings. Patients were referred to a community-based outpatient EEG service for further diagnostic evaluation using this 16-channel bipolar recording system. 344 patients were recorded for an average of 1.4 days. EEG was reviewed for the presence of patient identified events, computer identified interictal and ictal abnormalities, and periodic time samples. A push-button recording that signified a clinical event was obtained in 166 patients (48.3%); 41 (11.9%) of these recordings included a seizure and 125 (36.3%) showed no EEG changes during the habitual event. An EEG abnormality was identified by the computer in an additional 90 recordings (26.2%), for an overall clinical usefulness of 74.4%. Among the 191 patients referred with previously normal routine EEGs, a total of 129 (67.5%) of these recordings were useful. 48 (25.1%) of these tracings were abnormal and an additional 81 push-button events (42.4%) showing no changes from background EEG were recorded. In conclusion, computer-assisted outpatient EEG monitoring provides good success rates for clinically useful information.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Current concepts in primary hyperparathyroidism.

622 patients were operated on between 1966 and 1988. Urolithiasis was the most common presenting symptom (26%) but routine measurements of serum calcium led to detect 50% cases. At present, the disease is three times more frequent in women than in men. Estrogenic deprivation, neck irradiation (3.4%) and lithium therapy favor the occurrence of hyperparathyroidism (HPT); frequent association with goiter (19.8%), diabetes (8.3%) and multiple endocrine neoplasia (3.5%) has been noticed. Bone Gla protein concentrations correlate with calcium and HPT blood concentrations but do not reflect the severity of bone damage. Dual photon absorptiometry is now available for quantification and follow-up of bone demineralization, especially in asymptomatic forms of HPT.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

Long term treatment with the somatostatin analog SMS 201-995 in a patient with a thyrotropin- and growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma.

A patient with a mixed pituitary tumor secreting TSH and GH was treated, starting 3 months after partial adenomectomy, with the somatostatin analog SMS 201-995 for 8 months. Somatostatin itself inhibited TSH, GH, and alpha-subunit release by the tumor both in vivo and in vitro. Long term treatment with twice daily sc injections of SMS 201-995 resulted in decreased TSH secretion and lower serum thyroid hormone levels. However, euthyroidism was achieved only when the patient was treated with three daily 200-micrograms injections of SMS 201-995. After 30 weeks of SMS 201-995 therapy, TSH secretion increased, while GH secretion remained suppressed. After withdrawal for 6 months, SMS 201-995 (100 micrograms, sc, twice daily) again completely inhibited TSH secretion. SMS 201-995 did not alter the volume of the residual adenomatous tissue. We conclude that SMS 201-995 may be a valuable therapeutic agent for the management of patients with a thyrotroph adenoma. However, desensitization may occur during long term treatment.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1977

[Ethology of the family (natural models of family physiology)].

The Ethology of the Family allows in a first step to collect naturals models of family organisations. It results an extreme diversity where all family forms exist: maternal, paternal, biparental, solitary. However we can find in this notion of socialitary peogramme where a certain mode of social operation is inscribed in the genetic code.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Postpartum thyroiditis. 31 cases].

Postpartum thyroiditis. 31 cases. Between 1977 and 1986, 29 women consulted in three internal medicine and endocrinology departments for clinical disorders which could be ascribed to 31 episodes of thyroiditis developed within 9 months of giving birth. Thyroiditis was diagnosed clinically on the basis of acute diffuse (11 cases) or nodular (7 cases) goitre formation, signs of dysthyroidism (16 cases) revealed by menstrual disturbances and/or galactorrhoea (11 cases). A thyrotoxic episode was observed in 9 patients; it was either without sequelae (5 cases) of followed by transient hypothyroidism (4 cases). In other patients transient hypothyroidism was observed in 11 cases and permanent hypothyroidism in 5 cases. Six patients showed no sign of dysthyroidism, and the diagnosis was made by immunological, cytological and/or histological examination of the thyroid gland. Circulating anti-thyroid antibodies were present in two-thirds of the patients. The results of radioisotope scanning varied according to the stage of the disease. In these patients, only the absence of goitre was predictive, in 4 out of 5 cases, of subsequent permanent hypothyroidism; in all other patients the prognosis was highly favourable, even without specific treatment.

Adult↗