Biomedical subjects

R Lappalainen

Publications and source records attributed to R Lappalainen.

93 records · Page 6Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Transvaginal ultrasound scanning in early pregnancy and correlation with human chorionic gonadotropin levels.

Pregnancy can be detected early using transvaginal ultrasonography and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) measurements. The purpose of this study was to correlate serum hCG levels with transvaginal gestational sac measurements. The mean sac diameter (MSD) and gestational sac diameter (GSD) were calculated as the mean and cube root of the product, respectively, of three sac dimensions taken at right angles. A nonlinear relationship between hCG (natural logarithm) and MSD and GSD was observed. The data were best fitted by a second order polynomial regression model (r2 = 0.98), thereby establishing normal hCG levels for various gestational sac dimensions in early pregnancy.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Elevated CSF lactate in the Rett syndrome: cause or consequence?

We report values for CSF and blood lactate and acid-base balance in 8 girls with the Rett syndrome and correlate the findings with respiratory dysfunction. Three patients had elevated CSF lactate values; their hyperventilation (HV) was so intensive that the acid-base balance showed respiratory alkalosis with an abnormally low base excess. One of these three patients had normal CSF lactate and acid-base balance before she developed HV. Two patients were so young that they had not yet developed HV and their CSF lactate values were normal. One patient had elevated CSF lactate when she was younger and her HV was more intensive, but now her CSF and blood lactate were normal; her acid-base balance showed mild hypocapnia but was otherwise normal. Thus, in the Rett syndrome, CSF lactate elevation seems to be a secondary phenomenon connected with the intensive HV and alkalosis rather than a sign of any mitochondrial disorder.

Acid-Base Imbalance↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Cadmium content of human cancellous bone.

The cadmium content of human cancellous bone was related to age, sex, bone loss, physical properties, and elemental composition. Bone specimens from the anterior iliac crest were collected from 889 cadavers with a normal mineral status, and from 50 cadavers which had bone loss from chronic diseases and immobilization. The element concentrations were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Bone fluoride levels ere determined with the ion specific electrode, the mineral density with the gamma ray attenuation method, and the compressive strength with a strain transducer. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. The mean cadmium content of 0.22 +/- 9.16 micrograms/g dry weight (+/- SD) in the samples did not change with age and its content was slightly greater in males than in females. Furthermore, no statistically significant relation was found in cadmium content to bone loss changes or to the calcium content of bone. The cadmium content had a high statistically significant positive correlation with the strontium and nickel content.

Adolescent↗