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Biomedical subjects

R Lansdown

Publications and source records attributed to R Lansdown.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Developmental progress of newborns undergoing neonatal surgery.

The development of 30 full-term infants undergoing surgery soon after birth was compared with a matched group of 29 healthy newborn infants in a prospective longitudinal study. At 1 year of age the infants who underwent surgery were performing within the normal range, but significantly less well than the controls in almost all areas of development. Of the various neonatal and perinatal factors studied, the length of hospital admission was the one most strongly associated with developmental progress at 1 year of age.

Child Development↗
PubMed1989

The care of the child facing death.

With the decrease in infant mortality, together with an increase in survival rates of many conditions of later childhood, the death of a child became a relatively rare event. The concept of death developing in a child from its 3rd year of life on renders sensitive care necessary. Caring for dying children is not the sole preserve of the professional counsellor, social worker or psychologist. Children will chose whom they communicate with. It is important that the person who is chosen is able to seek support for him- or herself and can be part of a team offering help.

Attitude to Death↗
PubMed1989

Cross-validation of short forms of the WISC-R in two British samples.

Short forms of the WISC-R were computed by multiple linear regression on two samples of British children aged 6 to 12 years. The predictive validity of each short form was assessed both within the sample on which it was developed and cross-validated on the other sample. The empirically determined loss of power of prediction was found to be less than expected on a priori grounds. Predictions of individual scores at the lower end of the IQ distribution were less acceptable. It is concluded that short forms are robust and of value in research and for screening purposes, but cannot be recommended for clinical purposes.

Child↗
PubMed1989

Factors associated with developmental progress of full term neonates who required intensive care.

The development of 43 infants born at full term, who were admitted to neonatal intensive care units shortly after birth, was compared in a prospective longitudinal study with that of a group of 29 healthy newborn babies. Thirty infants required emergency operations during the neonatal period, and 13 were admitted for medical reasons. The effects of being in hospital and being separated from their mothers were also studied. At 1 year the 'sick' babies were performing significantly less well in almost all areas of development. In the group of sick infants, the mothers' mental health explained 25% of the variance in developmental outcome at 6 months. At 1 year the most important predictor was length of stay in hospital, which explained 35% of the variance.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1988

Intellectual development in Apert's syndrome: a long term follow up of 29 patients.

Twenty-nine patients with Apert's syndrome were ascertained through hospital records. The mean age was 19.3 years (range eight to 35 years). Further information was obtained on their intelligence, education, and employment records. Fourteen patients (48%) had a normal or borderline IQ (greater than 70), nine patients (31%) were mildly mentally retarded (IQ 50 to 70), four patients (14%) were moderately retarded (IQ 35 to 49), and two patients (7%) were severely retarded (IQ less than 35). Early craniectomy did not appear to improve intellectual outcome. Six of the seven school leavers with normal or borderline intelligence were in full time employment or vocational training.

Acrocephalosyndactylia↗
PubMed1986

Childrens' and adults' reactions to photographs taken before and after facial surgery.

This study is one of the very few which examines observers' evaluations of photographs of faces taken before and after relatively minor facial reconstructive surgery. Observers of over thirteen years of age judged the 'after' operation faces to be significantly more attractive, intelligent and happy than the 'before' faces. The judgements of observers aged under twelve years were not affected, thus suggesting that adult negative stereotyping of abnormal faces is due to social-learning. The results of this study lend weight to the argument that those who wish to have their facial abnormalities reduced may be accurately reporting that society is unkind to them. The evidence does not support the view that people wishing to have facial abnormality reduction must, by definition, be neurotic phantasizers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Moderately raised blood lead levels in children.

There is no doubt that high blood lead levels are associated with mental subnormality and hyperactivity. Several recent studies in Britain and America have investigated the relation between moderate levels, i.e. between 20 and 40 microgram/100 ml and behavioural and cognitive phenomena. Epidemiological studies have generally failed to point to a clearcut relation between such levels and overactivity or decrements in performance on standard intelligence and educational tests. Published studies with the use of chelation techniques have suffered from methodological weaknesses. It is known that socio-economic factors are powerfully related to measured intelligence and behaviour and, on the evidence available, it is to them that attention should primarily be given if preventative measures are being considered. There remains the possibility that more refined test measures would detect impaired functioning in children with moderately raised lead levels, and that there is an interaction effect between lead and host resistance.

Child↗
PubMed1977

Retrospective study of intellectual development in children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

Nine younger children (mean age 6-3 years) and 6 older children (mean age 9-0 years), previously treated for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia by cranial irradiation and subsequently by 2 or 3 years of chemotherapy, were assessed in terms of intellectual development in relation to 15 controls, matched individually for age, sex, and social background. All children were functioning within a normal range. The older group of children performed as well as their matched controls in all tasks. However, the younger group tended to perform somewhat below their matched controls, and this applied especially to tasks measuring quantitative, memory, and motor skills, but not to language tasks. It is concluded that there is a continual need to monitor the development of children treated for leukaemia, especially when diagnosed in the 2- to 5- year age range.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A study of the psychological effects of facial deformity in children.

Anecdotal reports of the psychological effects of facial deformity suggest that the area around the mouth is of crucial importance. In the first of two studies, children in London and Amsterdam ranked drawings of facially deformed children; their ordering was consistent, with a hare lip or protruding teeth being the most commonly rejected. A second study followed up 24 children aged about 8 years who had had a hare lip repair. The results did not confirm the hypothesis that such children differ from their non-handicapped peers in overt behavior in school.

Attitude↗