Six enterotomies 3 cm long, spaced at 3 cm intervals, were made in the antimesenteric border of the pelvic flexure of the ascending colon in five adult horses. Ten incisions each were sutured with a Utrecht pattern (single layer), a full-thickness simple continuous oversewn with a Cushing pattern (two layer), and a mucosal simple continuous with a seromuscular simple continuous oversewn with a Cushing pattern (three layer). In all horses, chromic gut and polyglactin 910 were each used once for each pattern. On day 6, the pelvic flexure was excised and the colonic vessels were injected with a radio-opaque mass. Sections of each enterotomy were studied by light microscopy and high detail radiography. The single-layer closure led to serosa-to-mucosa healing and a thin bowel wall, and the three-layer closure resulted in distortion of the bowel wall by hematoma formation and submucosal contamination with ingesta. The two-layer closure resulted in good alignment and improved healing. There was less inflammatory reaction with polyglactin 910 than with chromic gut.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A short-term comparison of the effects of clomiphene citrate and conjugated equine estrogen in menopausal/castrate women.

An attempt was made to assess the potential role for an antiestrogen in the hormone replacement therapy of menopausal women who have a contraindication to estrogen use. Two groups of menopausal or castrate women were given either conjugated equine estrogen or clomiphene citrate in a cyclic manner for 25 days each month for 3 months. The effects were measured after 3 months and compared with baseline values. Clomiphene lowered FSH slightly, but had no effect on subjective vasomotor symptoms. With respect to bone metabolism, it produced no change in plasma parathyroid hormone level, whereas estrogen lowered it; both compound lowered serum calcium but clomiphene had less effect. The hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio was decreased more by clomiphene than by the estrogen. These findings are consistent with a beneficial effect on bone. Clomiphene had no adverse effects on clotting parameters and showed effects similar to those of conjugated equine estrogens on certain measures of lipid metabolism.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Qualitative differences in estrogenic/antiestrogenic effects of clomiphene and zuclomiphene.

Depending upon the rat assay end point, the estrogenic or antiestrogenic activity of clomiphene (CC) or its isomer, zuclomiphene (Zu), varies considerably. For uterine/body weight ratio, Zu = estradiol greater than CC; for the estrogenic effect on uterine epithelium, Zu greater than estradiol = CC; higher CC doses were antiestrogenic. For endometrial stroma, Zu = estradiol much greater than CC. In the effect of estrogen receptor, low-dose CC = estradiol; high-dose CC was antiestrogenic. For Zu, both doses were about equal and highly antiestrogenic. Essentially the same was seen with progesterone receptor. For plasma LH suppression, Zu much greater than CC much greater than estradiol; but for plasma FSH, estradiol much greater than CC = Zu. The intrinsic estrogenicity of these compounds was made more apparent by the castrate status of the rats. This spectrum of activities may make it possible to select estrogenic or antiestrogenic activities for clinical purposes, depending upon the end-organ effect desired.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Television news coverage of nurse strikes: a resource management perspective.

The quality of television news coverage of nurses' strikes and other labor activities plays a crucial role in expanding such conflicts to the public with either prolabor or promanagement colorations. It was found that access to the medium was influenced by the magnitude of the disruption. Nurse unions are benefited by more positive television news coverage when they (1) project an image of solidarity, (2) maintain unity over time, and (3) receive the support of other types of health-care workers. As predicted, hospital administrators were the most negative in televised comments about striking nurses.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗