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Biomedical subjects

R L Young

Publications and source records attributed to R L Young.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

In vitro fertilization in couples with male factor infertility.

The data from 83 consecutive in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer cycles were examined with emphasis on the presence of subfertile male parameters, including abnormal sperm density, motility, morphologic features, or an abnormal result in the sperm penetration assay (zona-free hamster ova penetration). There were 25 cycles (21 couples) in which there was a solitary or coexistent abnormal male factor. The presence of a male factor was associated with a lower fertilization rate and fewer embryos transferred. Statistically important reductions in the fertilization rate occurred with reduced sperm density and abnormal motility, but not with abnormal morphologic features. The parameter that was most significantly associated with human ova fertilizability was the ability to exceed two penetrations per egg in the sperm penetration assay.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Residual embryos in failed embryo transfer.

One hundred thirteen embryo transfers (ETs) were performed in an in vitro fertilization and ET program of which residual or extruded embryos were found in 17 transfers (15%). Residual or extruded embryos are those embryos found outside the uterine cavity, either at the cervical os, on the vaginal speculum, or remaining in the catheter after an ET. Patients were divided into two groups according to the method of inspection for residual embryos. In group I, microscopic visualization of the transfer catheter alone revealed that 9 of the 67 transfers (13.4%) had 17 residual embryos either at the catheter tip or adherent to mucus on the side of the catheter. In group II inspection of the catheter and cervical wash revealed that 8 of 46 ETs (17.4%) had 15 residual embryos that failed to be transferred during the initial attempt. Six of these 15 (40%) were found in the cervical wash medium. Thus, failure of the proper placement of embryos at the time of transfer may occur frequently. Evaluation of only the transfer catheter may result in a significant underestimation of the problem.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Management of neonatal genital prolapse: case reports and historic review.

Neonatal genital prolapse is a rare condition. It usually occurs during the first few days of life and presents as a tumor mass protruding from the vulva. Most cases occur in association with meningomyelocele or other anomalies of the central nervous system. Two cases are presented to illustrate the usefulness of conservative management of this unusual problem. A historical review of the literature is presented to acquaint the reader with the variety of treatments that have been used in the past.

Female↗
PubMed1984

Pharmacokinetics of bumetanide following intravenous, intramuscular, and oral administrations to normal subjects.

The pharmacokinetics of bumetanide was studied in 12 normal subjects after 1-mg intravenous, intramuscular, oral solution, and tablet administrations in a random four-treatment crossover design. Plasma and urine concentrations of intact bumetanide were analyzed by a sensitive and specific RIA. The pharmacokinetics of bumetanide after intravenous administration was characterized by a biexponential equation, including an initial disposition phase (t 1/2, alpha = 5.1 min), followed by a slower elimination phase (t 1/2, beta = 44 min). Bumetanide pharmacokinetics after intramuscular and oral administration could be described by a biexponential equation with first-order absorption and elimination. Bumetanide is rapidly absorbed via the intramuscular and oral routes, with mean +/- SD maximum plasma concentrations of 38.2 +/- 9.8 (intramuscular), 34.0 +/- 10.6 (oral solution), and 30.9 +/- 14.6 ng/mL (tablet) achieved within 0.34 +/- 0.23, 0.76 +/- 0.27, and 1.8 +/- 1.2 h after dosing, respectively. The drug is rapidly eliminated from the body after intravenous, intramuscular, oral solution, and oral tablet administrations, with half-lives ranging from 24-86, 47-139, 27-71, and 26-99 min, respectively. Approximately 70% of a parenteral dose and 60% of an oral dose are excreted as intact drug in urine taken 0-24 h after administration. The extent of bioavailability of bumetanide from the tablet and oral solution dosage forms are equivalent, and the absolute bioavailability of the intramuscular and oral preparations are approximately 100 and 80%, respectively. This is consistent with the predicted limited extent of first-pass metabolism after complete absorption of an oral dose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1984

Clomiphene protects against osteoporosis in the mature ovariectomized rat.

Clomiphene citrate, a mixed estrogen agonist-antagonist, protects mature ovariectomized breeder rats from changes in total body calcium and from deterioration of femur structure. Over 6 months, mature ovariectomized rats took up calcium at the rate of 0.7 +/- 0.5 mg/day, while normal controls gained 2.5 +/- 0.7 mg/day (mean +/- SEM) as measured by whole body neutron activation analysis. Injections of clomiphene (20 mg/kg/week) kept ovariectomized rats in positive calcium balance at 2.0 +/- 0.5 mg/day. Reductions in total femur calcium content, cortical thickness, and visible trabeculae of femurs in ovariectomized animals were prevented by chronic clomiphene administration. These results in animals suggest a possible new line of investigation of the use of antiestrogenic drugs as therapeutic agents for hormone-dependent osteoporosis in animals and humans.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Changes in thyroid function and serum iodine levels after prepartum use of a povidone-iodine vaginal lubricant.

To determine if application of iodide to vaginal mucosa of pregnant women results in significant iodide absorption or changes in thyroid function, we studied 18 intrapartum women for whose examinations during labor povidone-iodine gel was used as a lubricant and 16 for whose examinations an iodine-free lubricant was used. Both serum inorganic iodine and total serum iodine increased significantly (p less than 0.001) after iodide exposure and fell (p = 0.003) to near baseline within two days. In both groups, serum thyroxine and triiodothyronine fell during labor and delivery; differences between groups were not significant. In the iodine-treated group, however, there was a significant increase in thyroid-stimulating hormone at two days postpartum (p less than 0.001). Iodide applied to vaginal mucosa of pregnant women is absorbed and affects the maternal pituitary-thyroid axis.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1982

Pulmonary sarcoidosis. Long-term follow-up of the effects of steroid therapy.

Fifteen years ago we began a prospective study using alternate case treatment with prednisone in patients with pulmonary function abnormalities due to sarcoidosis. Twenty-five patients were divided into treatment and control groups that were similar in sex, age, race, degree of pulmonary dysfunction, and duration of disease. Evaluation included complete spirometric studies, single-breath carbon monoxide diffusion capacity, and arterial blood gases. Follow-up studies at six months, one to two years, and ten to 15 years show no difference between the treated and untreated groups. Improvement or deterioration in pulmonary function of individual patients in the treated group was reflected in the control group, even in those patients with a diffusing capacity and forced vital capacity less than 65 percent of predicted. Data from this long-term study fail to show any benefit of short-term use of steroids in therapy for pulmonary sarcoidosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Papillary thyroid carcinoma: a 10 year follow-up report of the impact of therapy in 576 patients.

Data from 576 patients with papillary thyroid cancer were retrospectively analyzed. With a median follow-up of 10 years and three months, there were six deaths from, and 84 recurrences of, thyroid cancer. Of the latter, 16 (19 percent) could not be eradicated. Death from thyroid cancer occurred only in those 30 years of age or over at the time of diagnosis and only in patients with primary tumors larger than 1.5 cm in diameter. Locally invasive tumor was associated with a poor prognosis. Cervical lymph node metastases found at initial surgery were associated with higher recurrence rates but not higher mortality rates. Treatment with total thyroidectomy, postoperative radioiodine and thyroid hormone resulted in the lowest recurrence and mortality rates except in those patients with small primary tumors (less than 1.5 cm diameter) in whom less than total thyroidectomy and postoperative therapy with thyroid hormone alone gave results which did not differ statistically from those achieved with more aggressive therapy. No important differences in outcome were observed when cervical lymph node metastases were simply excised or more aggressively treated by neck dissection. External radiation and as initial adjunctive therapy adversely influenced outcome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Endocrinology.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Diabetes Mellitus↗
PubMed1980

Pure follicular thyroid carcinoma: impact of therapy in 214 patients.

Records of 214 patients with pure follicular thyroid carcinoma were reviewed in detail to evaluate the circumstances of initial presentation and therapy on ultimate outcome. Mean followup was 8.8 yr. The only deaths directly attributable to the thyroid carcinoma occurred in patients with distant metastases at the time of presentation. There were 20 recurrences in the 182 patients considered free of disease after initial therapy. Overall recurrence rate was not affected by the presence of positive cervical nodes or extent of thyroid surgery. Postoperative recurrence rate was decreased by both radioiodine and thyroid-hormone therapy. Extensive histologic invasion of the capsule of the nodule and thyroid appeared to be associated with an increase in recurrence rate. Postoperative thyroid-hormone is required therapy in all patients with pure follicular thyroid carcinoma. Radioiodine therapy is indicated in patients with extensive invasion and we favor its use in all patients.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1979

The treatment of benign thyroid disease.

The treatment of benign forms of thyroid disease is reviewed. Endemic goiter is a public health problem preventable by the addition of iodine to the food or water supply. Endemic and familial goiters are treated with replacement doses of I-thyroxine, as are sporadic colloid goiters and goiters resulting from chronic thyroiditis. Hyperfunctioning autionomous nodules without thyrotoxicosis and cystic nodules require no specific therapy. Prophylaxis against diffuse or nodular goiter after radiation to the head or neck for therapeutic purposes with thyroxine replacement therapy is debatable. All forms of hypothyroidism, including incipient types, require replacement thyroxine therapy, but this should be undertaken cautiously in older patients and in those with evidence of ischemic myocardial disease. Myxedema coma requires vigorous treatment and detailed supervision because of dismal mortality rates. Iodine 131 is the treatment of choice in diffuse toxic goiter, but alternative forms.

Adolescent↗