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Biomedical subjects

R L Vande Wiele

Publications and source records attributed to R L Vande Wiele.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1984

Pulsatile administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone for induction of ovulation.

Chronic pulsatile administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) was used to induce ovulation in 12 women with various ovulatory disorders. In the first group of eight patients with normal to low baseline levels of gonadotropin, seven responded favorably to the treatment. Follicular maturation was observed in 57% of the treated cycles, and normal ovulatory cycles were induced in 24% of the patients. Two patients became pregnant. The intravenous route of administration was more effective than the subcutaneous one, possibly in response to the GnRH profile after each pulse. (The amplitude of GnRH peaks after an intravenous pulse was four times that seen after a subcutaneous one.) In contrast, follicular maturation and ovulation could not be induced in four women of a second group of patients with normal baseline levels of follicle-stimulating hormone but with high and frequent pulses of luteinizing hormone. The conclusion reached was that pulsatile administration of GnRH can be a new therapeutic tool in the treatment of ovulatory disorders in women who have an insufficient endogenous release of GnRH.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Vasopressin secretion induced by hypoxia in sheep: developmental changes and relationship to beta-endorphin release.

To investigate the developmental changes in the secretion of vasopressin and the potential role of beta-endorphin as a stimulus to the release of vasopressin, the concentrations of these peptides were measured in fetal, newborn, and adult sheep after episodes of induced hypoxia. The studies confirm that hypoxia is a potent stimulus to the release of both vasopressin and beta-endorphin in the fetal animal. In both the newborn lamb and the ewe, more profound hypoxia is necessary for a similar release. In the fetus, the release of both vasopressin and beta-endorphin after hypoxia increased with gestational maturation. A comparison of control concentrations of both peptides, the discordance of release in the newborn lamb, and the absence of a change in concentrations of vasopressin with infusion of beta-endorphin implies that these hormones are released in parallel but independently during hypoxic stress.

Aging↗
PubMed1982

Multiple gestations: management of pregnancy and delivery.

The antenatal management and outcome of 31 higher-order multiple gestations, 24 triplets, six quadruplets, and one set of quintuplets were analyzed. Bedrest was advised as soon as the diagnosis was made; hospitalization along with the administration of betamethasone and phenobarbital was begun during the second trimester. Caesarian section was performed on 13 women (42%). The overall mortality rate was 14.8%; excluding neonates less than 28 weeks of age, however, it became 7.5%. The primary cause of death was respiratory distress syndrome.

Apgar Score↗
PubMed1982

Effects and site of action of morphine on gonadotropin secretion in the female rhesus monkey.

The effects of morphine on gonadotropin secretion, and the site of its action, were tested in female rhesus monkeys. In Exp 1, morphine sulfate (3, 6, or 9 mg iv) was injected into ovariectomized monkeys, and its effects on tonic (pulsatile) LH and FSH secretion were examined. Administration of morphine (9 mg) resulted in a significant decrease in circulating LH and FSH, which lasted for 4-5 h. Exp 2 was performed to evaluate the site of action of morphine, whether hypophyseal or suprahypophyseal. The effects of morphine (6, 9, or 12 mg) on the LH response to GnRH pulses were evaluated in stalk-sectioned monkeys, in which gonadotropin secretion had been restored by long term pulsatile infusion of GnRH. LH responses to GnRH were not significantly altered by morphine. Exp 3 was performed to determine the effects of morphine on the estrogen-induced LH surge. Estradiol benzoate (330 micrograms in oil) was administered on days 2-5 of the menstrual cycle to nine animals. Four of these also were injected with 9 mg morphine at 5-h intervals for 40 h. Four of the five control and three of the four morphine-treated monkeys showed similar LH surges. The results demonstrate that, in the monkey, opiates inhibit tonic (pulsatile) gonadotropin secretion, most probably by acting at a suprahypophyseal site. In contrast, morphine does not alter the estradiol-induced LH surge, a result that differs from that seen in lower species and that may be related to differences in estradiol positive feedback characteristics.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

The use of human menopausal and chorionic gonadotropins for induction of ovulation. Sixteen years' experience at the Sloane Hospital for Women.

Gonadotropin therapy for anovulation is highly successful: 58.6% of treated patients conceive. Better results are achieved in patients with galactorrhea-amenorrhea (77.1%) and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (63.3%) than in patients with normal gonadotropin levels (45.4%). The spontaneous abortion rate (27.5%) is somewhat higher than that in spontaneous pregnancies. The multiple pregnancy rate is 31% and was slightly lower in cycles with preovulatory estrogen levels in the physiologic range. In patients treated with human menopausal and chorionic gonadotropins for 7 to 9 days per cycle, the multiple pregnancy rate is considerably less (12.9%) than in patients with longer treatment. The efficacy of treatment does not diminish with repeat-treatment cycles.

Amenorrhea↗
PubMed1980

Clinical course and outcome of pregnancy in twenty-five patients with pituitary microadenomas.

Twenty-five patients, aged 23-39, with amenorrhea of 18 to 168 months' duration, galactorrhea, hyperprolactinemia (prolactin levels of 45 to 370 ng/ml), and radiologic evidence of a pituitary microadenoma, were treated with bromocriptine or lergotrile, 7.5 mg daily for 2 to 16 weeks until conception occurred. All conceived and were delivered of infants. Follow-up during pregnancy included frequent office visits and monthly visual field examinations from the sixth month until delivery. All the pregnancies resulted in single infants and uneventful and no neurological or visual symptoms developed. All infants born were normal. Twelve patients breast-fed while the others did not by choice. Menstrual function resumed in two patients after delivery and one of them subsequently conceived spontaneously. We believe that the presence of a pituitary microadenoma without neurological or visual symptoms should not be a contraindication to ovulation induction and pregnancy. Most of such pregnancies are uneventful. If symptoms arise during pregnancy, they can be treated medically or, in extreme emergencies, surgically.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1979

Arginine vasopressin during gestation and parturition in sheep fetus.

The possible correlation between plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) concentration and the processes leading to parturition was assessed in 11 chronically catheterized pregnant ewes. Samples of blood withdrawn intermittently during a 20-day period preceding labor and during parturition were analyzed for AVP by a specific radioimmunoassay, as well as for pH, PaCO2 and PaO2. Fetal AVP was 1.74 +/- 1.55 pg/ml and maternal AVP 1.47 +/- 0.74 pg/ml (mean +/- SD). No preparturient rise in fetal vasopressin was noted, but levels increased progressively during labor to reach peak levels in cord blood (range 7.5--8,000 pg/ml). There was no consistent rise in maternal vasopressin during the same interval. A relationship between prolonged antepartum intrauterine asphyxia and increases in fetal vasopressin was noted. It is concluded that the markedly elevated levels of vasopressin observed in cord blood are the result of intrapartum 'stress', but are not related to the initiation of parturition.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Estrogen-induced gonadotropin surges in female rhesus monkeys after pituitary stalk section.

In order to investigate the primary site of action of estradiol, whether pituitary or hypothalamic, gonadotropin responses to estrogen were studied in female rhesus monkeys before and immediately after pituitary stalk section. The estrogen challenge, consisting of either an injection of estradio benzoate (400 microgram) or an implant of three silastic capsules containing 17 beta-estradiol, was initiated on days 2--5 of the menstrual cycle. The estrogen was given not later than 8 h after stalk section. Estrogens induced LH surges in all five animals before and after stalk section. FSH increases were observed in four of five intact and three of four stalk-sectioned animals. Mean FSH and LH levels in three stalk-sectioned animals treated with oil alone did not differ significantly from preinjection controls. These experiments suggest that the locus of estrogens on gonadotropin release in the rhesus monkey may well reside within the pituitary gland itself.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Pregnancy in patients with pituitary tumors.

Thirteen patients with pituitary tumors had a total of seventeen pregnancies. Nine of these patients were treated prior to conception (four by radiation therapy, four by hypophysectomy, and one with lergotrile); four patients received no treatment. The untreated group had a total of six pregnancies, two of which were complicated by visual symptoms which regressed spontaneously after delivery. One of the hypophysectomized patients developed diabetes insipidus at 34 weeks' gestation which resolved spontaneously after delivery. Of the four irradiated patients, one had a child with Down's syndrome and another had a child with multiple congenital anomalies who died. The clinical course and various modes of treatment of these patients are discussed and the pertinent literature is reviewed.

Ergolines↗
PubMed1977

Anorexia nervosa and the hypothalamus.

A new name, "puberal starvation-amenorrhea", is proposed as more descriptive of the syndrome and less committal concerning its etiology. Though the etiology remains uncertain, a growing body of evidence--deranged hormonal secretory patterns, deficient thermal and water regulation, and other physiologic abnormalities--indicates that a specific hypothalamic dysfunction is responsible for this bizarre, sometimes lethal disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Neurohormonal control of gonadotropic secretion in primates.

With immunohistochemical techniques, products from both the parvicellular system (such as Gn-RH) and from the magnocellular system (vasopressin, oxytocin, and neurophysins) have been shown to be present in the neurons ending around the hypothalamopituitary portal capillary system. A neurosurgical technique for prolonged collection of pituitary stalk blood has been developed. Gn-RH, vasopressin, and neurophysins have been found in large amounts in pituitary stalk blood. Gn-RH levels were found to vary in a pulsatile fashion, thereby providing direct evidence for hypothalamic modulation of the discharge of LH by the pituitary. The finding of large amounts of estrogen-neurophysin in portal vein blood adds further evidence to the hypothesis that "estrogen" neurophysin may play a role in the control by the hypothalamus over the secretion of gonadotropins.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1976

Obstetric complications after treatment of intrauterine synechiae (Asherman's syndrome).

This review comprises 36 patients who were treated for Asherman's syndrome from 1968 to 1974 at the Sloane Hospital for Women. Of the 18 patients who later conceived only 6 had uncomplicated term deliveries. Four had premature deliveries resulting in neonatal death. Three had placenta accreta and postpartum hemorrhage, necessitating a cesarean hysterectomy in 1. Two patients required cesarean section for complications due to the syndrome, 2 had spontaneous abortion, and 1 had a cervical pregnancy requiring total hysterectomy. Only 10 babies survived. The incidence and severity of complications in conceptions following treatment for Asherman's syndrome is high, and the obstetrician must be prepared to manage them.

Abortion, Habitual↗
PubMed1975

Ovarian modulation of immunoreactive gonadotropins-releasing hormone (Gn-RH) in the rat brain: evidence for a differential effect on the anterior and mid-hypothalamus.

Gonadotropins-releasing hormone (Gn-RH) in selected regions of the female rat brain was measured by radioimmunoassay. Detectable immunoreactive Gn-RH was found in the anterior hypothalamic-septal region and in the mid-hypothalamic (arcuate-median eminence) region. Gn-RH was several times higher in the middle region than in the anterior region. Gn-RH was undetectable in the posterior hypothalamic region, frontal cerebral cortex and pineal glands, as well as in random blood samples, and low to undetectable in anterior pituitary glands. Gn-RH activity varied during the estrous cycle and after castration. In the mid-hypothalamic region, Gn-RH content was lowest throughout diestrus and in late morning and early afternoon of proestrus, and highest early in the morning of proestrus and during estrus. A significant decrease at mid-day was only found on the day of proestrus, a few hours prior to the critical period for LH release. In the anterior hypothalamic region, low Gn-RH activity was found from 1200 h of estrus to 1200 h of diestrus-2. A comparatively higher activity was seen at 1700 h of diestrus-2 and also from 1400 h of proestrus to 0800 h of estrus. Twenty-one days after ovariectomy, Gn-RH in the mid-hypothalamic region was significantly lower than the lowest values seen during the estrous cycle, while Gn-RH in the anterior hypothalamic region remained between low and high values seen during the cycle, being significantly higher than the low values. The changes observed during the estrous cycle and after castration suggest that gonadal steroids play a direct role in the control of hypothalamic Gn-RH. These data also demonstrate that Gn-RH varies in a different way in the anterior and mid-hypothalamic regions.

Animals↗