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Biomedical subjects

R L Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to R L Taylor.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Parathyroid hormone-related peptide in plasma of patients with hypercalcemia and malignant lesions.

We developed and validated a radioimmunoassay for circulating human parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP), based on a commercial antiserum to the synthetic 1-34 fragment of PTHrP, 125I-Tyr degrees-PTHrP(1-34) as radioligand, and prior extraction of the native peptide from plasma with C-2 cartridges. We determined immunoreactive PTHrP concentrations in plasma samples from 48 healthy persons (mean +/- SD, 3.1 +/- 1.0 pmol/liter; range, less than 2 to 5 pmol/liter), 8 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, 36 patients with hypercalcemia and a concurrent malignant lesion, and 9 normocalcemic patients with cancer and increased serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen or prostate-specific antigen. PTHrP was normal in samples from patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (3.2 +/- 1.1 pmol/liter), secondary hyperparathyroidism (2.5 +/- 1.3 pmol/liter), and cancer without hypercalcemia (2.4 +/- 1.0 pmol/liter). In contrast, plasma immunoreactive PTHrP levels were increased (6.0 to 85.0 pmol/liter) in 47% of patients with hypercalcemia and cancer of various types, with or without bone metastatic lesions. Large amounts of PTHrP were also found in conditioned medium from cultured human prostatic carcinoma cells. Thus, PTHrP may be a causative factor for hypercalcemia associated with a malignant lesion in at least half of the cases. Measurement of circulating PTHrP may be of differential diagnostic help in hypercalcemic states.

Adenoma, Islet Cell↗
PubMed1990

Infection of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator: management without removal of the device in selected cases.

A case is presented in which an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) became infected in the abdominal wall pocket 5 weeks following implantation. There was no evidence clinically or by computed tomographic scan suggesting mediastinal extension of the infection. The infection was treated successfully by debriding the abdominal wall pocket followed by a combination of pocket irrigation with antibiotic solution, parenteral antibiotics, and long-term oral antibiotics. This conservative therapy was successful and avoided removal of the device.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1990

Validity of the Estimated Learning Potential and other measures of learning potential.

The validity of the Estimated Learning Potential from the System of Multicultural Pluralistic Assessment was estimated using other measures of learning potential as criteria. In addition, correlations of traditional IQs with the learning potential measures were examined. The correlations between the Estimated Learning Potential and the criterion measures were low to moderate. Further, the traditional IQ was more strongly related to the learning potential measures than to the Estimated Learning Potential. Implications of these results, including the finding that learning potential should not be considered a unitary construct, were discussed.

Aptitude↗
PubMed1989

Glycoconjugates of the intestinal epithelium of the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus): a lectin histochemistry study.

A lectin histochemical study was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum and colon from six fasted and six non-fasted 8-week-old chickens (Gallus domesticus). The purpose of this study was to identify in situ the pattern of carbohydrate residues present on the luminal surface of the intestinal epithelium. Ten biotinylated lectins with different sugar specificities were used as probes, and avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) was used as a 'visualant'. The most significant finding was the binding pattern of Lens culinaris agglutinin to various segments of the intestines. The luminal surface of the small intestinal epithelium did not stain with this lectin. In the colon the luminal surface was lightly stained, while the caecal luminal surface was intensely stained. Throughout the intestine the luminal surface stained with Canavalia ensiformis agglutinin, Ricinus communis agglutinin-I and wheatgerm agglutinin, but it did not stain with Dolichos biflorus agglutinin. These findings indicated that, throughout the intestine, the luminal surface contains glycoconjugates with either N- or O-linked glycoprotein, or both, with terminal non-reducing beta-galactosyl and sialyl residues. Furthermore, the caecal surface is rich in N-linked glycoproteins with an alpha-(1----6)-linked fucosyl residue near the glycosidic linkage. The potential significance of these observations and the role of glycoconjugates in host-parasite interaction (i.e. Eimeria sp. versus Gallus domesticus) are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

A survey of dentitions and removable partial dentures constructed for patients in North America.

The prevalence of removable partial dentures in North America is not known. This study was designed to collect information about (1) the indications for, (2) the teeth to be replaced with, and (3) the type of major connectors used in removable partial dentures. Five commercial dental laboratories situated in different regions of North America were selected to give as wide as possible a view of the production of removable partial dentures. Each laboratory was asked to provide details of 300 consecutive removable partial dentures. Photographs (35 mm) of master casts and processed partial dentures were obtained for more than 1300 patients. The color slides were analyzed and the remaining teeth and types of dentures were recorded. The dentures were classified as follows: cast frame denture, acrylic resin denture with or without some wrought metal, and acrylic resin denture with some cast units. The major connectors were classified as one of seven alternatives in the maxillae, and as one of six alternatives in the mandible.

Canada↗
PubMed1989

Continuous administration of 5-hydroxytryptamine alters cellular immunity in chickens.

1. 5-Hydroxytryptamine administered continuously through osmotic pumps altered the PHA wattle response and in vitro leukocyte capillary tube migration in UNH 105 chickens. 2. Administration of 100 ng/hr 5-hydroxytryptamine for 48 hr significantly suppressed the PHA wattle response. 3. In vitro leukocyte migration was significantly enhanced by 72 hr exposure to 5-hydroxytryptamine at a dose of 100 ng/hr.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

The effectiveness of an AIDS education campaign on a college campus.

This paper reports on an AIDS education campaign at a California college campus. A pretest-posttest design was used to determine whether the AIDS-related attitudes of students, faculty, and staff were affected by an AIDS Awareness Week. The results showed that the awareness week was successful in exposing the campus community to AIDS information. It was only marginally effective in changing AIDS-related attitudes because pretest attitudes were already at desirable levels, only a fraction of the campus community attended the highly motivating events of the campaign, and faculty did not actively support the goals of the campaign.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Response of major histocompatibility (B) complex haplotypes B22, B26, and B30 to Rous sarcomas.

The response to Rous sarcoma virus-induced tumors was measured over a 2-yr period using Line UNH 105 New Hampshire chickens segregating for three major histocompatibility (B) complex haplotypes, B22, B26, and B30. Twelve sires and 49 dams were used to produce 489 pedigreed progeny consisting of six B genotypes B22/B22, B22/B26, B22/B30, B26/B26, B26/B30, and B30/B30. Six-wk-old chicks were inoculated in the wingweb with a pseudotype of Bryan high-titer Rous sarcoma virus designated as BH RSV (RAV-1). Resultant tumors were scored six times during a 10-wk period, which served as a basis for a tumor profile index (TPI) assigned to each chick. The B22/B26 chickens (means TPI = 2.6) had the greatest antitumor response, which was significantly different from that of B26/B26 (means TPI = 3.0) and B30/B30 chickens (means TPI = 3.4), the lowest responders. Lower mean TPI of two heterozygotes, B22/B26 (2.6) and B26/B30 (2.9), compared with those of appropriate homozygotes, suggested complementation between B22 and B26 as well as B26 and B30. Chi-square analysis revealed an additional beneficial effect of the B22 haplotype in tumor-bearing chickens, as B22-containing genotypes had a significantly higher survival rate than genotypes not containing B22.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1989

Characterization of resistance and immunity to Eimeria tenella among major histocompatibility complex B-F/B-G recombinant hosts.

The relative influence of the B-F vs. B-G chromosomal regions on innate resistance and immunity to Eimeria tenella was studied among six B-F/B-G recombinants, designated BR1, BR3, BR4, BR5, BR6, and BR8. In one experiment, resistance was studied among 340 F1 chicks each carrying the B17 allele derived from Line UCD.003 and therefore also heterozygous for one of the B recombinant haplotypes. In a second experiment, acquired immunity was studied among 161 F2 chicks each carrying one B17 allele and segregating for one of the recombinant alleles. In Experiment 1, F1 chicks of similar haplotypes, BR3 and BR4 (BF2-G23), gained significantly more weight than those with BR1 (BF24-G23) and BR5 (BF21-G19) following exposure to a single high dose of 25,000 oocysts, although no differences in lesion scores were detected among the six recombinants. Following exposure to a single low dose of 2,500 oocysts, F1 chicks BR3 and BR4 also gained significantly more weight and had significantly lower lesion scores than BR1 or BR5 F1 chicks. To study acquired immunity in the F2 homozygous chicks, five consecutive daily exposures of 500 oocysts were followed 21 days later by challenge with 10,000 oocysts. The BR5 (BF21-G19) and BR6 (BF21-G23) homozygous chicks, both carrying the B-F21 allele, showed significant protection in terms of reduced lesion scores. These results demonstrate that E. tenella parasitism manifests itself to varying degrees in chicken hosts possessing different recombinant major histocompatibility complex haplotypes.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Anti-Rous sarcoma response of major histocompatibility (B) complex haplotypes B23, B24 and B30.

Responses to Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) induced tumours were studied in UNH 105, a non-inbred line of New Hampshire chickens. Six single male matings encompassing a total of 50 dams produced 345 progeny which segregated for B complex genotypes B23/B23, B23/B24, B23/B30, B24/B24, B24/B30 and B30/B30. Six-week-old chicks were wingweb inoculated with a pseudotype of Bryan high titre Rous sarcoma virus, BH RSV (RAV-1). Tumours were scored for size six times over a 10-week period post-inoculation. Each chick was assigned a tumour profile index (TPI) as an indicator of immunological response. The number of days to death (DTD) was recorded for 148 chicks with terminal tumours. Genotypes B23/B23, B23/B24 and B23/B30, with TPIs of 1.8, 1.7 and 2.0 respectively, did not differ significantly from each other, suggesting dominance of response of B23 over B24 and B30 haplotypes. B24/B30 chicks with the highest TPI (3.4) and shortest DTD (34.6) were significantly different from B30/B30 (2.8; 41.6) but not from B24/B24 (3.1; 34.9) suggesting dominance of response of the B24 haplotype over B30 in the absence of B23.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Virus dilution affects the anti-Rous sarcoma response of progressor but not regressor major histocompatibility (B) complex genotypes.

Responses to tumors induced by three dilutions of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) were studied in UNH 105, a noninbred line of New Hampshire chickens. Single-male matings produced progeny of three B genotypes: B23/B23 (tumor regressor) and B23/B24 and B24/B24 (tumor progressors). A total of 223 6-wk-old chicks were wingweb inoculated with one of three dilutions (10(-3), 4 X 10(-3), and 10(-4)) of a pseudotype of Bryan high titer RSV designated as BH RSV (RAV-1). A tumor profile index (TPI), an indicator of antitumor response, was assigned to each chick based on six postinoculation tumor size scores. Incidence of mortality was itemized for B genotypes at each virus dilution and the number of days to death (DTD) was recorded for 44 chicks with terminal tumors. Analysis of mean TPI revealed a virus dilution X B genotype interaction, with significant differences among B24/B24 chickens at a 10(-3) virus dilution (TPI 3.1), a 4 X 10(-3) virus dilution (TPI 2.6), and all other subclasses (TPI 1.8 or less). Both virus dilution and B genotype affected the incidence of mortality as shown by chi-square analysis. These data demonstrate that virus dilution influenced the antitumor response in progressor but not in regressor B complex genotypes.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Monoamines suppress the phytohemagglutinin wattle response in chickens.

The influence of the biogenic amines serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) on the phytohemagglutinin (PHA) wattle response was studied in three populations derived from line UNH 105 New Hampshire chickens. At 3 or 6 weeks of age, chicks were injected intravenously with either 5-HT, DA, NE, or a saline control. Thirty minutes after monoamine injection, 100 ug PHA-P was injected in the wattle and the thickness increase was calculated 24 hr later. Analysis of variance showed significant monoamine effects compared to controls but no difference in response among the three populations. 5-HT and NE each depressed significantly the wattle response in 3 and 6 week old chicks. DA reduced the response in both ages also but the significantly greater reduction in 6 than in 3 week old chicks indicated an age effect. These results suggest a regulatory role for monoamines in the PHA wattle response.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Bile and serum immunoglobulin levels during primary and secondary infections with Eimeria tenella in chickens.

Using a radial immunodiffusion assay, total bile and serum IgG, IgM and IgA were measured following primary and secondary exposures to Eimeria tenella. Neither IgG nor IgM could be detected consistently in bile. Biliary IgA peaked at Days 6 and 10 following a primary infection of either 5000 or 10,000 oocysts and remained elevated following a subsequent 10,000-oocyst challenge at Day 10. Serum IgG and IgM levels were not influenced by parasitism and measurable concentrations of serum IgA were not detected.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Major histocompatibility (B) complex and sex effects on the phytohaemagglutinin wattle response.

The influence of the major histocompatibility (B) complex and sex on the phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) wattle response was studied in 136 segregants (B2/B2, B2/B5 and B5/B5) of a fourth generation cross between inbred lines 6(1) and 15(1). At 6 weeks of age, chickens were injected with 100 micrograms purified PHA-P. Wattle thickness measurements were taken 4, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after injection. Analysis of variance showed that 4 h after injection, males had a significantly higher response than females but the sex-genotype interaction was also significant. Females had higher responses than males 24 and 48 h after injection as a consequence of more rapid development and earlier resolution of the reaction in males. B2/B2 chickens had significantly lower responses than B5/B5 chickens 72 and 96 h after injection, signifying a faster late resolution phase in the B2/B2 genotype. The developmental and early resolution phases of the PHA wattle response were influenced by sex while the late resolution phase was influenced by B genotype.

Animals↗