Biomedical subjects

R L Sweet

Publications and source records attributed to R L Sweet.

147 records · Page 9Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Pelvic inflammatory disease: risk factors and microbial etiologies.

OBJECTIVE: To review the risk factors and microbial etiologies of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). DATA SOURCES: Include 77 current and historical references on PID, PID risk factors, and sexually transmitted diseases. STUDY SELECTION: 34 studies that address specific research questions. DATA EXTRACTION: Data were used from studies whose methodologies are discussed. DATA SYNTHESIS: This review identifies research problems regarding the definition, diagnosis, and identification of microbial profiles and risk factors of PID. CONCLUSIONS: More reliable diagnostic criteria for the varied clinical presentations of this polymicrobial infection are needed. PID is a disease with multiple, interrelated risks. Education is an important nursing intervention.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Abortion training in U.S. obstetrics and gynecology residency programs.

The majority (72 percent) of U.S. residency programs in obstetrics and gynecology include first-trimester abortion techniques in their training. Programs affiliated with public hospitals or with private non-Catholic institutions are the most likely to provide such training, while Catholic-affiliated training programs and those at military hospitals are the least likely to do so. Approximately 23 percent of institutions include abortion training as a routine part of residency, and 50 percent offer it as optional training. The 28 percent of residency programs that offer no abortion training represents an almost fourfold increase since 1976. Although more of the large programs affiliated with public hospitals now include such training as a routine part of their residency programs, fewer of the private non-Catholic programs--where the largest proportion of residents are trained--do so. Consequently, the number of residents exposed to abortion training may have declined slightly over the past decade. Little difference exists between the proportion of programs that offer training in first-trimester techniques and the proportion that train in second-trimester techniques. Nine percent of programs report that all residents participate in first-trimester abortion training, and another 56 percent report that at least half of their residents do so. The participation rate is linked to the expectations of the program: Approximately 88 percent of programs that routinely incorporate abortion techniques in their training report that from one-half to all their residents participate, compared with about 55 percent of programs that offer the training as an option. Approximately 82 percent of programs teach abortion techniques up to at least 20 weeks' gestation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Abortion, Induced↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Pelvic inflammatory disease: etiology, diagnosis, and treatment.

Coincident with the epidemic of sexually transmitted diseases, the incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease has risen sharply in recent years. Pelvic inflammatory disease is a major direct cause of infertility; in addition, it leads to ectopic pregnancies and chronic inflammatory residua requiring surgical intervention. This threat to the future fertility of women is rendered more serious by the difficulty of making a correct diagnosis and the likelihood that faulty diagnosis will result in inadequate treatment. Pelvic inflammatory disease is caused not only by Neisseria gonorrhoeae but also by Chlamydia trachomatis, genital tract mycoplasmas, and mixed bacteria from the endogenous vaginal and cervical flora, especially anaerobes. Diagnostic criteria include (1) lower abdominal and pelvic pain, (2) lower abdominal tenderness, (3) elevation of erythrocyte sedimentation rate, (4) adnexal inflammatory mass, and (5) presence of leukocytes and bacteria in the peritoneal fluid. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment appear to be crucial in preventing infertility. No studies have evaluated prospectively the relative advantages of inpatient vs. outpatient management of acute pelvic inflammatory disease. The recommendations of the Centers for Disease Control (CDC; Atlanta, Ga.) for outpatient treatment and the results of a multi-hospital collaborative study using the CDC regimens are discussed. Criteria for hospitalization and parenteral antibiotic therapy are presented.

Adolescent↗