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Biomedical subjects

R L Sweet

Publications and source records attributed to R L Sweet.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

In vitro activity of cefbuperazone and other antimicrobial agents against isolates from the female genital tract.

Cefbuperazone (BMY 25182), a new cephamycin, showed activity similar to those of moxalactam and other cephalosporin-cephamycins against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria from female genital tract infections. MICs of the antimicrobial agents were less than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml for greater than 97% of organisms tested. All of the anaerobic bacteria tested were susceptible to clindamycin, metronidazole, and chloramphenicol.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1984

Screening for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in adolescent males: value of first-catch urine examination.

50 adolescent males attending a general teen clinic (aged 13-21) were evaluated for urethritis. After examination of sediment from the initial 15-20 ml of voided urine, first-catch urine (FCU), specimen urethral swabs were taken for culture of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. 21 of 23 (91%) males with greater than 10 leucocytes per high-power field of resuspended sediment (FCU-positive) had positive urethral cultures for C trachomatis or N gonorrhoeae compared with only 1 of 27 (4%) FCU-negative subjects (p less than 0.001). 12 of 22 culture-positive subjects had no genitourinary symptoms and 11 of the 12 had C trachomatis infections. The sensitivity of FCU examination in identifying culture-positive urethritis was 95%, the specificity 93%, and the predictive value of a positive FCU 91%. FCU examination is a useful, noninvasive screening test to detect urethritis associated with C trachomatis and N gonorrhoeae. The test may be especially helpful in identifying symptom-free males with chlamydia-associated urethritis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Evaluation of PPLO, A7B, E, and NYC agar media for the isolation of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma species from the genital tract.

Four agar media (PPLO, NYC, A7B, and E) which are commonly used for the isolation of urogenital tract Mycoplasma species and Ureaplasma urealyticum were compared by culturing swabs of the endocervix of 334 pregnant women on all four media. To permit growth of both Mycoplasma and U. urealyticum, selective ingredients were omitted from the media tested. A7B and E agar were both satisfactory for the isolation of Mycoplasma species, recovering 92 and 82%, respectively, of all Mycoplasma species isolated. Only A7B agar was satisfactory for U. urealyticum isolation, recovering 96% of all isolates. Several modifications of PPLO, NYC, and E agar failed to significantly improve recovery of U. urealyticum on these media. A7B agar was clearly superior to all other media tested in terms of recovery rate, typical appearance of colonies, and ease of reading. A7B can be used for the isolation of both U. urealyticum and Mycoplasma species from urogenital sites.

Agar↗
PubMed1983

Failure of beta-lactam antibiotics to eradicate Chlamydia trachomatis in the endometrium despite apparent clinical cure of acute salpingitis.

Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated from 17 (24%) of 71 patients with acute salpingitis (AS) hospitalized for parenteral treatment. For patients with AS, antimicrobial therapy was started immediately on admission and before the availability of culture results. Notable clinical response was seen in 16 of 17 chlamydial-positive cases. Despite apparent clinical cure, posttreatment cultures from the endometrial cavity yielded C trachomatis from 12 of 13 patients treated solely with second- or third-generation cephalosporins as single-agent therapy. The finding of persistent chlamydial infection of the endometrium suggests that some patients treated for AS, despite apparent clinical response, maintain chlamydial infection of the endometrium that might cause relapse or chronic fallopian tube infection with tubal obstruction and infertility, or perhaps reflect a similar tubal persistence of Chlamydia. Treatment of AS should routinely include coverage for C trachomatis, as clinical response and findings may not reflect its presence or persistence.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

Comparative study of piperacillin versus cefoxitin in the treatment of obstetric and gynecologic infections.

Piperacillin sodium (Pipracil, Lederle Laboratories, Wayne, New Jersey), a new semisynthetic penicillin, demonstrated in vitro activity against a broad spectrum of clinical pathogens. It is active against most strains of the clinically important gram-negative aerobic or facultative bacteria and against virtually all the clinically important anaerobic organisms, including Bacteroides fragilis and Bacteroides bivius. This broad antibacterial spectrum suggested that piperacillin might be an effective single antimicrobial agent for the treatment of mixed aerobic/anaerobic infections in obstetric and gynecologic patients. In this study, the clinical efficacy and safety of piperacillin was compared with that of cefoxitin in the management of pelvic infections. There were 23 patients in the piperacillin group (acute salpingitis, 12; endomyometritis, 7; pelvic cellulitis, 2; tuboovarian abscess, 2) and 25 patients in the cefoxitin group (acute salpingitis, 13; endomyometritis, 10; tuboovarian abscess, 2). An average of six bacteria were isolated from each patient. Aerobic bacteria only were recovered from 12.5%, anaerobic bacteria only in 6.5%, and both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were present in 82.5% of patients. Overall, 21 of 23 (91%) of the piperacillin treatment group and 23 of 25 (92%) of the cefoxitin group responded to therapy with antimicrobial agents alone. The major cause of failure was the presence of an abscess. Piperacillin was shown to be an effective single agent for the management of pelvic infections caused by mixed aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. In addition, piperacillin proved to be safe and well tolerated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Antibiotic prophylaxis in surgical procedures. A critical analysis of the literature.

The use of prophylactic antibiotics in surgery is widespread and often inappropriate. The lack of well-designed clinical studies partially explains the present confusion regarding the subject. We reviewed the literature in English on antibiotic prophylaxis through June 1982. Antibiotic prophylaxis reduces the incidence of wound infection after colorectal surgery, vaginal hysterectomy, and laryngeal and oropharyngeal resection for carcinoma, and in high-risk patients undergoing gastroduodenal or biliary surgery. In clean operations such as cardiac surgery, vascular procedures, and orthopedic surgery with placement of prostheses, the high morbidity associated with an infection justifies the use of antibiotics even though the risk of infection is small. There are conflicting data on the usefulness of prophylaxis in abdominal hysterectomy, cesarean section, noncardiac thoracic procedures, and urologic surgery. The effectiveness of prophylaxis in neurosurgery cannot be evaluated at the present time.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1983

Inhibition of Neisseria gonorrhoeae attachment to HeLa cells with monoclonal antibody directed against a protein II.

This study showed that a protein II (PII) of Neisseria gonorrhoeae FA1090 appeared to act as a mediator of attachment to HeLa cells. Two colony variants of FA1090 were selected. Both gonococcal variants were nonpiliated, but one contained a PII and the other did not. A monoclonal antibody (1090-10.1), which was directed against the PII, inhibited the apparent PII-mediated attachment to HeLa cells. Antibodies produced from clone 1035-4, which had no PII specificity, did not inhibit the attachment and were used as controls. Inhibition of gonococcal attachment by the 1090-10.1 monoclonal antibodies was demonstrated by fluorescent microscopy analysis. Monoclonal antibody 1090-10.1 appeared to cause agglutination of the PII-containing organism. To block the clumping caused by the PII-specific monoclonal antibodies, Fab fragments of goat anti-mouse IgG were incubated with gonococci and the 1090-10.1 monoclonal antibodies. The results showed that the goat anti-mouse IgG Fab fragments partially blocked the agglutination caused by the PII-specific monoclonal antibody. The effect of the 1090-10.1 antibodies on attachment was also determined by monitoring the HeLa cells with attached iodinated gonococci. The monoclonal antibody appeared to inhibit the PII-mediated attachment.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Acute salpingitis in the adolescent female.

Acute salpingitis is an important complication of sexually transmitted disease in young women and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of abdominal pain in all young women. Many organisms, in addition to N. gonorrhoeae, have been associated with this tubal infection giving support to polymicrobial etiology. However, the exact pathophysiologic role of these organisms needs to be clearly defined. The microbiology of acute salpingitis, through direct culture from the site of infection, the fallopian tubes, needs to be clearly elucidated. Early recognition and treatment of acute salpingitis is essential in preventing the major long-term problem, involuntary infertility. Curran has estimated the reproductive outcome for a cohort of adolescent women reaching reproductive age in 1970. By the year 2000, there will have been one episode of salpingitis for every two women; 15% will be hospitalized for salpingitis with over half of these women requiring major gynecologic surgery; 10% will be rendered nonsurgically sterile; and 3% will have experienced an ectopic pregnancy. Adolescent females may be more susceptible to upper genital tract infection than older women due to possible unique biologic characteristics and sexual behaviors. Prospective microbiologically controlled studies of women with salpingitis using laparoscopy need to be developed to evaluate treatment regimens. Until such studies are undertaken, diagnosis, treatment, and fertility in women with acute salpingitis will remain unsatisfactory.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

In vitro activity of new beta-lactam antibiotics and other antimicrobial drugs against anaerobic isolates from obstetric and gynecological infections.

The in vitro activities of N-formimidoyl thienamycin, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, metronidazole, cefoperazone, cefotaxime, cefoxitin, moxalactam, penicillin G, and piperacillin were determined against 158 anaerobic bacteria isolated from endometrial wash cultures of women with pelvic infections. In general, N-formimidoyl thienamycin was the most active, with all organisms inhibited by less than or equal to 0.5 microgram/ml. Chloramphenicol, clindamycin, and metronidazole inhibited all organisms by less than or equal to 8 microgram/ml. The penicillins and cephalosporins exhibited variable activity of lesser degrees.

Anaerobiosis↗