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Biomedical subjects

R L Smith

Publications and source records attributed to R L Smith.

At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Metabolism of arylacetic acids. 1. The fate of 1-naphthylacetic acid and its variation with species and dose.

1. [Carboxy-14C]-1-Naphthylacetic acid has been administered to man, 6 primate species and 4 other mammalian species and the urinary metabolites examined by radiochromatogram scanning and reverse isotope dilution. Animals all received a dose of 100 mg/kg and man received 5 mg, orally. 2. Most species excreted at least 60% of the 14C in the urine in 48 h. Unchanged acid was a minor (0-17% dose) excretion product in all species except the cynomolgus monkey (35%). 3. In man, in 24 h 95% of 14C was excreted as 1-naphthylacetyl-glucuronide and 5% as 1-naphthylacetyltaurine. 4. 1-Naphthylacetylglucuronide was the major excretion product in all species except the bushbaby (21% dose) and the cat, which did not form this conjugate. 5. 1-Naphthylacetylglutamine was formed only by the cynomolgus, squirrel and capuchin monkeys and marmoset, and in no case accounted for more than 3% dose. 6. 1-Naphthylacetylglycine was found in the urines of 4 primate and 3 non-primate species, and was the major metabolite in the squirrel monkey, bushbaby and cat. 7. 1-Naphthylacetyltaurine was excreted by all species except the rabbit and the fruit bat. It was a major excretion product in the squirrel and capuchin monkeys, the marmoset and the cat. 8. The influence of dose on the pattern of metabolism and excretion of 1-naphthylacetic acid has been investigated in the rat.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Metabolism of arylacetic acids. 2. The fate of [14C]hydratropic acid and its variation with species.

1. (+/-)-[methyl-14C]-Hydratropic acid was administered to man, rhesus monkey, cat, rabbit and fruit bat. 2. All species excreted 60-100% of administered 14C in the urine in 24 h, and unchanged hydratropic acid accounted for 0-17% of the dose. 3. In man, the urinary 14C consisted of a very small quantity (1%) of unchanged hydratropic acid with the remainder as hydratropylglucuronide. 4. Hydratropylglucuronide was the major urinary excretion product in the 4 animal species, while the glycine conjugate was present in the urine of cat and rat. Additionally, cats excreted the taurine conjugate of hydratropic acid. 5. Bile-duct cannulated rats excreted 20-30% of an injected dose of [14C] hydratropic acid in the bile in 3 h mainly as hydratropylglucuronide.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Metabolism of arylacetic acids. 3. The metabolic fate of diphenylacetic acid and its variation with species and dose.

1. [carboxy-14C]Diphenylacetic acid has been administered to seven primate species including man, and four other mammals and the qualitative and quantitative aspects of its elimination determined. 2. In most species, 50-100 percent of the administered 14C was excreted in the urine in 48 h; 2-30 percent of the dose was recovered unchanged in the 24 h urine. 3. In all species the only urinary metabolite detected by radiochromatogram scanning was diphenylacetylglucuronide (10-70 percent of dose). Reverse isotope dilution additionally revealed the formation of trace amounts (less than 1 percent of dose) of the glycine conjugate by four species and of the taurine conjugate by the cat. No evidence was found for the formation of a glutamine conjugate. 4. The influence of dose on the pattern of metabolism and excretion of diphenylacetic acid has been studied in the rat. In this species diphenylacetic acid undergoes extensive elimination and enterohepatic circulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The retrognathic mandible--surgical correction.

The preceding case reports demonstrate the excellent results available to the patient with a retrognathic mandible. Etiology, adverse effects, and the modalities used in evaluation of the underdeveloped mandible have been discussed. The age at which surgical intervention is undertaken needs additional input by clinicians. Several surgical procedures have been and are employed to advance the mandible. The C osteotomy is recommended since the final result has been excellent and consistent. The surgeon has constant surgical control and vision. The advanced portion of the mandible can be firmly held by intraosseous wires. There is minimak disturbance of muscle position and the inferior alveolar nerve. We have not encountered unusual loss of blood, immediate postoperative problems with the airway, infection, or unfavorable relapse. A postoperative regimen that has been found rewarding is discussed. We have come to the conclusion that most patients can tolerate lengthy surgical procedures with few adverse side effects. Our colleagues in anesthesia and nursing provide superb operative and postoperative care. When the preoperative work-up indicates that more than one procedure is indicated, we recommend that the total surgical treatment plan be carried through at one operation, although occasionally this approach may be contraindicated. We should strive for perfection and can fall short of this goal when a patient will not return for additional surgical procedures which could have been accomplished during the first operation. Although good results have been experienced with both the C osteotomy and the sagittal split osteotomy, we believe that the C osteotomy is a superior procedure. However, this does not imply that the sagittal split osteotomy should not be a part of the armamentarium of the oral surgeon. In conclusion, the C osteotomy, the sagittal split osteotomy, genioplasty, and additional procedures--such as a mandibular alveolar osteotomy to intrude supraerupted teeth--when indicated, can provide very favorable results in cases of retrognathia or micrognathia of the mandible.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Compression treatment of hemangiomas.

Compression therapy appears to be a safe and effective modality for treating involuting and non-involuting hemangiomas. Compression may induce earlier mature resolution in involuting hemangiomas, and may reduce the size of non-involuting hemangiomas--at least temporarily.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Bile and urine as complementary pathways for the excretion of foreign organic compounds.

1. The urinary and biliary excretion in the rat of 30 aromatic compounds with mol. wt. of 100-850, and largely excreted unchanged, has been studied. 2. These compounds fall into three groups as regards their pattern of elimination, which is related to mol. wt: group 1, with mol. wt. less than 350 and the major route of elimination the urine. When urinary excretion is prevented by ligating the renal pedicles the biliary excretion remains low. group 2, with mol, wt. of 450-850 which are excreted predominantly in bile. Even when the bile duct is obstructed, only small amounts of these compounds are found in urine. group 3, with mol. wt. of 350-450, which are eliminated extensively in both urine and bile. When one of these routes is blocked excretion by the other increases. 3. These studies emphasize the interrelationship of urine and bile as excretory routes for organic compounds. Urine and bile are complementary pathways; the extent of urinary excretion is greatest for the compounds of lowest mol. wt. and tends to decrease as mol. wt. increases and biliary excretion becomes more extensive.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Post-mortem survival of hippuric acid formation in rat and human cadaver tissue samples.

1. A rapid and sensitive semi-micro method for the determination of hippuric acid formation by tissue samples in vitro is described and applied to the determination of the post-mortem survival of hippuric acid formation in rat and human cadaver tissue samples. 2. Hippuric acid formation survived in rat and human cadaver liver for at least 72 h when corpses were stored at 4 degrees. 3. Hippuric acid formation was detected in human cadaver liver and kidney samples and was absent from brain, intestine, heart and lung. 4. Post-mortem liver samples from a case of acute pancreatitis failed to form hippuric acid as did kidney samples from a case of systemic lupus erythematosus with renal involvement.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Reconstruction of defects of the mandible.

A series of 14 mandibular reconstruction in 13 patients with chips of autogenous, cancellous bone and marrow supported by a titanium mesh tray is presented. The mandibular defects were the results either of operation for carcinoma of the tongue and the floor of the mouth or trauma. Satisfactory rehabilitation was accomplished in 11 patients. The advantages of this technique are ease of accomplishment, ability to replace long and awkardly shaped segments, less shrinkage due to bone resorption, and shorter intermaxillary fixation.

Adult↗