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Biomedical subjects

R L Scott

Publications and source records attributed to R L Scott.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Lipoprotein alterations in the spontaneously hypertensive rat fed diets deficient in selenium and vitamin E.

Both vitamin E and selenium (Se) are antioxidant nutrients that play important roles in preventing in vivo lipid peroxidation. In this investigation, Se and vitamin E were found to influence lipoprotein levels in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). Four-week-old inbred SHRs were fed a basal (B) diet with 1% cholesterol deficient in both selenium and vitamin E (B+cho diet) or identical diets to which either vitamin E (B+E+cho) or selenium (B+Se+cho) or both micronutrients were added (B+Se+E+cho). Plasma-cho and lipoprotein-cho levels were measured after 6, 12, 16, and 18 weeks of feeding the experimental diets. Rats fed the B+cho diet for at least 12 weeks had plasma-cho levels about twice that observed for rats fed the B+E+Se+cho diet. Plasma-cho levels for rats in the two Se deficient groups (B+cho and B+E+cho) were, however, similar at any time point. Se deficiency was associated with increased plasma-cho, very low density lipoprotein-cho (VLDL-cho) and low-density lipoprotein-cho (LDL-cho). Vitamin E supplementation interacted with Se deficiency to increase plasma VLDL-cho levels. Neither vitamin E alone nor the interaction between vitamin E and Se consistently influenced LDL-cho levels. The percent cholesteryl ester in LDL from rats fed the Se-deficient diets (B+cho or B+E+cho) was at least twice that observed for rats fed the B+E+Se+cho diet. Plasma lipid peroxidation products were highly elevated in rats fed the B+cho diet compared with values for the B+E+cho or the B+E+Se+cho fed rats (which were not significantly different). These results suggest that dietary Se deficiency increases plasma-cho, VLDL-cho, and LDL-cho levels by a mechanism that may be unrelated to its role as an antioxidant nutrient.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Somatization and malingering for workers' compensation applicants: a cross-cultural MMPI study.

A post hoc analysis was conducted of 60 Hispanics and 60 Caucasians who had filed claims under workers' compensation. The study examined cross-cultural differences of somatization and malingering as assessed by the MMPI. Somatization was assessed by analyzing two- and three-point code types based on scales 1 (Hs), 2 (D), and 3 (Hy) of the MMPI, using the cut-off criterion of T > or = 70. Malingering was determined by analysis of the dissimulation index from the MMPI (F-K > +9). Significant differences were found for somatization; Hispanics were more likely to somatize. Minimal differences were found between Hispanic and Caucasian subjects on the malingering scale.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Social support of mothers of children with mental retardation.

Utilization of social support and perceptions of family stress of 80 mothers with a child who had mental retardation were examined. Measures of family stress and social support were administered to subjects with a child in one of three normative transition periods. There were no significant differences in family stress scores across the groups. Analysis of variance procedures revealed significant differences in the utilization of intimate support across the age groups. Implications for further research in this area were discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1991

The role of selenium in the secretion of very-low-density lipoprotein in the isolated perfused rat liver.

A recirculating liver perfusion system was used to study the effects of dietary selenium (Se) on the hepatic secretion of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). The perfusate from livers of rats fed on a Se-deficient diet incorporated about 50% more [1-14C]oleic acid into triacylglycerol (TG) and cholesteryl esters (ChoEs) than did the perfusate from livers of rats fed on a Se-supplemented diet. Similarly, livers from rats fed the Se-deficient diet secreted more VLDL and incorporated about 60% more [1-14C]oleic acid into VLDL TG and ChoEs than did livers from rats fed the Se-supplemented diet. The liver perfusate from rats in the Se-deficient group also showed significantly decreased fatty acid oxidation. We conclude that Se is a potent modulator of lipoprotein metabolism. A primary action of Se deficiency appears to be a decrease in fatty acid oxidation and a stimulation of fatty acid esterification, leading to increased VLDL TG and ChoEs formation and secretion.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

A scanning electron microscopic study of the effect of air polishing on the enamel-sealant surface.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the enamel-sealant interface following the use of standard sealant placement techniques and an air-polishing system. Twenty-five caries-free premolars were extracted and stored in distilled water for 2 days. Five teeth were randomly assigned to each of five treatment groups. The occlusal surface was (1) air polished for 20 seconds, (2) cleaned with pumice for 20 seconds, or (3) not cleaned. Following treatment, 35% orthophosphoric acid was applied for 60 seconds. In two control groups, the acid-etching procedure was eliminated, and one group (4) was air polished for 20 seconds, while the other group (5) was not cleaned. Tinted self-curing sealant was applied to the entire occlusal surface of each tooth. Following the treatment, scanning electron photomicrographs were taken at X 1000 magnification. To evaluate the enamel-resin interface, the number of resin tags were counted by one precalibrated rater. A statistically significant difference was found among the treatment groups and the control groups. Air polishing combined with acid etching resulted in an improved surface for resin wetting as determined by the number of resin tags formed; however, the differences among the treatment groups were not large enough to be statistically significant.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed1989

The role of antioxidant nutrients in preventing hyperbaric oxygen damage to the retina.

Vitamin E and selenium play essential roles in preventing in vivo lipid peroxidation and free radical damage. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment adversely affected the electroretinograms (ERGs) of rats fed a diet deficient in both vitamin E and selenium (the basal or B diet) or a diet deficient in vitamin E alone (B + Se diet). After 4 weeks of HBO treatment (3.0 ATA or 100% oxygen, 1.5 hours per day, 5 day/week) rats fed the B diet deficient in vitamin E and selenium for 6 weeks showed decreased (p less than 0.05) a-wave amplitudes, 85 +/- 9 microvolts (microV), n = 11, compared with a-waves recorded (150 +/- 10 microV, n = 21) for age matched rats fed an identical diet for 6 weeks but not treated with HBO. After 15 weeks of HBO treatment, rats fed the B + Se diet deficient in vitamin E alone showed decreased (p less than 0.01) a-wave (61 +/- 9 microV, n = 4) and b-wave (253 +/- 23 microV, n = 4) amplitudes compared with a-wave (115 +/- 7 microV, n = 4) and b-wave amplitudes (450 +/- 35 microV, n = 4) for age matched rats fed the same diet but not treated with HBO. Decreased a- or b-wave amplitudes provide evidence of retinal damage. Rats fed a diet supplemented with vitamin E and selenium or vitamin E alone showed no decreases in either a- or b-wave amplitudes after 15 weeks of HBO treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Measurement characteristics of a short form of the questionnaire on resources and stress.

The psychometric integrity of a short form of a measure of ecological stress was evaluated based on data provided by both fathers and mothers representing intact families, half of which included children with handicaps and half of which did not. Alpha reliability, factor structure, and construct validity analyses generally supported the conclusion that the short form of the Questionnaire on Resources and Stress is reasonably reliable and valid.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Relationship between test performance in ocular therapeutics and year of graduation.

Practitioner performance on a national, standardized examination in ocular therapeutics was analyzed. The majority of the practitioners were from one state and had graduated from the same college of optometry. The homogeneity of their background fostered an analysis of the relationship between year of graduation and test performance. The data indicated that less recent graduates did not perform as well as more recent graduates, but that the best performance was attained by practitioners with considerable clinical experience.

Education, Medical, Continuing↗
PubMed1988

Quality assurance review: improving diagnostic accuracy of percutaneous needle biopsy.

Adequate pathologic slide preparation of percutaneous fine-needle biopsy (PFNB) specimens is necessary to maximize sensitivity and yield a tissue diagnosis. We present a quality control review of our biopsy technique and results in 71 aspiration biopsies done in 59 patients. Immediate cytology slide preparation in the radiology suite enabled us to increase our diagnostic yield from 53% to 84%, and allowed us to preserve PFNB, rather than open biopsy, as the primary diagnostic modality. We recommend regular review of biopsy techniques to confirm adequate diagnostic yields of these procedures.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1987

Pleural aspergillosis diagnosed by computerized tomography.

As shown by the case we have reported, patients with a chronic pneumothorax and nodular, thickened pleura may have pleural aspergillosis. We recommend that when such patients have CT of the chest, the examiner use the alternate dependent position to look for mobile pleural debris.

Aspergillosis↗
PubMed1986

MMPI measures of psychological disturbance in adolescent and adult victims of father-daughter incest.

The MMPI was used to study psychological disturbance in two different age groups of victims of father-daughter incest. The profiles of a group of 27 adolescent victims and 31 adult victims were compared and analyzed. All subjects had a history of being molested when they were children by their fathers or stepfathers, and all were in psychotherapy at the time of testing. In order to establish clear age differentiation between the two groups, no adolescent was over the age of 19 and no subject in the adult group was under age 30 when they were tested. The results indicated that the overall profiles were more elevated for the adult victims than for the adolescent victims. Both groups were elevated (T greater than 70) on Scale 8 (Sc), and the adults also were elevated on Scale 4 (PD), while the adolescents were high (T = 69) on Scale 9 (MA). The results are discussed in terms of core personality disturbance shared by the two groups and the probable influence of time or age on how the psychopathology is expressed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

An MMPI analysis of similarities and differences in three classifications of eating disorders: anorexia nervosa, bulimia, and morbid obesity.

While considerable clinical literature exists on the personality characteristics of the different classifications of eating disorders, standardized psychometric measures have not often been utilized to compare the various disorders with each other. The present investigation employed the MMPI to study the similarities and differences of the mean profiles of 30 hospitalized anorexic patients, 30 hospitalized bulimic patients, 30 morbidly obese outpatients, and 30 subjects in a matched control group. The results indicated that there was no significant difference in the overall profiles of the three experimental groups, but that all differed from the control group. Individual scale analysis demonstrated that the three experimental groups shared a core disturbance demonstrated by common elevations on scales 1 (HS), 2 (D), and 4 (PD). Differences on scales 6 (PA), 7 (PT), 8 (SC), and 0 (SI) were discussed in terms of the specific manifestations of the core disturbance symptomatology.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

The differential retrocardiac air-fluid level: a sign of intrathoracic gastric volvulus.

A single retrocardiac air-fluid level on a chest radiograph typically implies the presence of a sliding hiatal hernia. A differential retrocardiac fluid level (two air-fluid interfaces at different heights) suggests not a simple sliding hiatal hernia but rather an intrathoracic gastric volvulus. Simultaneous fluid levels above and below the diaphragm are not required to make the diagnosis. We have seen four patients with chronic gastric volvulus confirmed by upper gastrointestinal barium examination. Each case was diagnosable on the basis of the chest radiographs obtained on admission, using the radiographic sign described above. We draw attention to this sign because chronic gastric volvulus has the potential to progress to acute volvulus and gastric ischemia or infarction.

Aged↗