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Biomedical subjects

R L Phillips

Publications and source records attributed to R L Phillips.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Meat consumption and fatal ischemic heart disease.

In 1960 the meat-consumption habits of 25,153 California Seventh-Day Adventists were assessed by questionnaire. Between 1960 and 1980 ischemic heart disease deaths were identified. Meat consumption was positively associated with fatal ischemic heart disease in both men and women. This association was apparently not due to confounding by eggs, dairy products, obesity, marital status, or cigarette smoking. The positive association between meat consumption and fatal ischemic heart disease was stronger in men than in women and, overall, strongest in young men. For 45- to 64-year-old men, there was approximately a threefold difference in risk between men who ate meat daily and those who did not eat meat. This is the first study to clearly show a dose-response relationship between meat consumption and ischemic heart disease risk.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Breast cancer survival rates among Seventh-day Adventists and non-Seventh-day Adventists.

Survival rates were compared among 282 Seventh-day Adventists and 1675 other white female cancer cases following diagnosis during the 30-year period, 1946 to 1976, at two California hospitals owned and operated by the Seventh-day Adventist Church. The Adventist women had a more favorable 5-year relative survival pattern than the other women (69.7% vs. 62.9%) as well as a higher probability of not dying of breast cancer. The differences, however, were no longer significant when stage at diagnosis was taken into account. It seems likely that the lower breast cancer death rates reported among Seventh-day Adventist women as compared with the general population result in part from better survival patterns due to earlier diagnosis and treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Association between reported diet and all-cause mortality. Twenty-one-year follow-up on 27,530 adult Seventh-Day Adventists.

This report examines the association between mortality from all causes during a 21-year period and frequency of consumption of 28 specific foods among 27,530 adult California members of the Seventh-Day Adventist Church. Food consumption was measured at the beginning of the study (1960) by a self-administered questionnaire. Deaths were identified by computer-assisted matching of study subjects to the file of death certificates for all deaths that occurred in California during 1960-1980. All-cause mortality showed a significant negative association with green salad consumption and a significant positive association with consumption of eggs and meat. For green salad and eggs, the association was stronger for women; for meat, the association was stronger for men. All the observed associations were adjusted for age, sex, smoking history, history of major chronic disease, and age at initial exposure to the Adventist Church.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Diet, obesity, and risk of fatal prostate cancer.

Findings described in this report are for 6,763 white male Seventh-day Adventists who completed a dietary questionnaire in 1960. Between 1960 and 1980 mortality data were collected on cohort members. Overweight men had a significantly higher risk of fatal prostate cancer than men near their desirable weight. The predicted relative risk of fatal prostate cancer was 2.5 for overweight men. Suggestive positive associations were also seen between fatal prostate cancer and the consumption of milk, cheese, eggs, and meat. There was an orderly dose-response between each of the four animal products and risk. The predicted relative risk of fatal prostate cancer was 3.6 for those who heavily consumed all four animal products. The results of this study and others suggest that animal product consumption and obesity may be risk factors for fatal prostate cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Coffee consumption and risk of fatal cancers.

In 1960, the coffee consumption habits and other lifestyle characteristics of 23,912 white Seventh-day Adventists were assessed by questionnaire. Between 1960 and 1980, deaths due to cancer were identified. There were positive associations between coffee consumption and fatal colon and bladder cancer. The group consuming two or more cups of coffee per day had an estimated relative risk (RR) of 1.7 for fatal colon cancer and 2.0 for fatal bladder cancer, compared to the group that consumed less than one cup per day (RR = 1.0). These positive associations were apparently not confounded by age, sex, cigarette smoking, or meat consumption habits. In this study, there were no significant or suggestive associations between coffee consumption and fatal pancreatic, breast, and ovarian cancer, or a combined group of all other cancer sites.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Physical fitness and blood pressure in school children.

We studied the relationship between physical fitness and blood pressure in 228 school children. The data were collected as part of the Loma Linda Child-Adolescent Blood Pressure Study. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were lower in children above average fitness than in children below average fitness among preadolescent and adolescent boys and girls. On multivariate analysis, adjusting for skinfold thickness, an index of lean arm mass, height and age, the relationship between fitness and systolic blood pressure was statistically significant for preadolescent boys and for adolescents of both sexes. The multivariate relationship was not clearly seen for diastolic blood pressure. Multivariate techniques showed that significant correlates of fitness were obesity in preadolescents, age in adolescent boys and height in adolescent girls. Predicted pulse rates for stages 6-10 of a modified Balke treadmill protocol are given in appendix 1 for preadolescent and adolescent boys and girls.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Vacuum trephination of the hypotonous eye.

Removal of the recipient cornea in therapeutic keratoplasties is made more difficult by the hypotonous eye. A deep and symmetrical cut can be obtained by use of the vacuum trephine without unduly endangering the iris or lens. This technique may be preferred to other more time-consuming methods of pre-pressurizing the eye, and allows a better removal of the recipient cornea than with scissors removal following an epithelial mark.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Association of meat and coffee use with cancers of the large bowel, breast, and prostate among Seventh-Day Adventists: preliminary results.

Deaths from cancers of the large bowel, breast, and prostate were ascertained over a 21-year period among 21,295 white California Adventists. Compared to non-Adventists, the age-sex-adjusted mortality for large bowel cancer was substantially reduced among Adventists. Adventists also showed a minimum reduction in mortality for breast and prostate cancer. Fatal large bowel cancer within the Adventist group was unrelated to meat use. However, coffee use showed a substantial positive association with fatal large bowel cancer. Although this association may be indirect or spurious, it deserves further investigation. Weak nonsignificant associations were observed between cancers of the breast and prostate and meat use.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

The child-adolescent blood pressure study: I. Distribution of blood pressure levels in Seventh-Day-Adventist (SDA) and non-SDA children.

Distribution of systolic and diastolic blood pressures (measured with an automated blood pressure recorder) of two large groups of children-3,159 from Seventh-Day Adventist (SDA) schools and 4,681 from non-SDA schools-are reported. They boys and girls were from four different ethnic groups and attended grades one through 10 in 29 Southern California schools. The analysis of the data failed to show significant differences in mean blood pressure levels between the two groups of children at all ages, despite marked differences in life-style between the two groups, and despite the fact that adults from the two population groups have marked differences in mortality from diseases associated with elevated blood pressure. A comparison between boys and girls showed significantly higher trends in mean systolic blood pressure for boys after age 12. Inter-ethnic comparisons of blood pressure revealed that Black children of both sexes had slightly higher mean blood pressure levels at all ages.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

The efficacy of an estradiol-silicone rubber removable implant in suckling, growing and finishing steers.

Sixty steer calves, 42 Simmental x Hereford and 18 Hereford, averaging 59 days of age and 78 kg, were assigned to six estradiol-17 beta implant treatments. Implants were cut from cylindrical formed tubes containing a mix of 80% nonpolymerized silicone and 20% microcrystalline estradiol-17 beta by weight and cut into lengths that provided 0, 8.5, 15.6, 30.7, 30.9 and 46.7 micrograms estradiol- 17 beta/day over a 499-day trial period. Two types, a coated and solid implant, were tested at the 31-microgram level; all others were coated with a solid placebo used for the 0-microgram or control treatment. Animal performance was recorded through the suckling, growing and finishing phases of production, and carcass data were collected. Cumulative gains over the 499 days were greater (P less than .05) for the steers given 30.9- and 46.7-micrograms levels than for those given 0-, 8.5- and 15.6-microgram levels, with respective daily gains being .97 and .97 vs .90, .90 and .89 kg; steers given the implant delivering 30.7 micrograms daily tended to gain more (P less than .10) than the controls: .95 vs. 90 kilograms. These values represent a 6% increase in gain over the control with the 30.7-kg coated implant and an 8% increase with the 30.9-microgram solid and 46.7-microgram coated implants. Implants did not improve feed efficiency during a 65-day feedlot period. Neither the amount of estradiol-17 beta nor the type of implant significantly influenced any carcass parameters except maturity. As the dose rate increased, the degree of carcass maturity increased. Type of implant did not affect gain during any period or any of the carcass measures. Results of this study indicate that a single implant of estradiol-17 beta delivering approximately 30.7 micrograms/day will improve weight gains over a long period of time and increase carcass maturity grade of steers.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Mortality among California Seventh-Day Adventists for selected cancer sites.

In previous reports concerning cancer among Seventh-Day Adventists (SDA), comparisons were made only with the general population. This report compared California SDA to a sample of non-SDA who were demographically similar to SDA. The study consisted of 17 years of follow-up (1960--76) on 22,940 white California SDA and 13 years of follow-up (1960--72) on 112,725 white California non-SDA. Both groups completed the same base-line questionnaire in 1960. Deaths were ascertained by annual contacts with each study member and by computer-assisted record linkage with the California State death certificate file. Results indicated that, with the exception of colon-rectal cancer and smoking-related cancers, the difference in risk of fatal cancer between SDA and non-SDA was substantially reduced when SDA were compared with a more socioeconomically similar population. The persistence of the low risk for colon-rectal cancer can probably be attributed to some aspect of the diet or life-style of the SDA.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Hypnotic efficacy of temazepam: a long-term sleep laboratory evaluation.

1 Temazepam was evaluated in a strictly defined insomniac patient population under sleep laboratory conditions. Two protocols were used: a short-term (26-night) and a long-term (54-night) protocol evaluated the efficacy of the drug administered at night at 15 mg (short-term study) and 30 mg (long-term study), respectively. 2 Temazepam seemed to be both safe and effective at doses of 15 and 30 mg with up to 5 weeks of ingestion. 3 Suppression of slow wave sleep was observed at the high dose, but no suppression of REM sleep, found in studies with other benzodiazepines, was noted. 4 No evidence was found for development of tolerance or rebound effects.

Adult↗