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Biomedical subjects

R L Peters

Publications and source records attributed to R L Peters.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Gross anatomic features of hepatocellular carcinoma from three disparate geographic areas. Proposal of new classification.

A comparison of the gross pattern of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was made using autopsy material from Japan (378 cases), the United States (90 cases), and South Africa (61 cases). The tumor could be placed in three major gross patterns only if subcategories of each were created. The common major patterns were expanding, spreading, and multifocal. There was a relationship of gross pattern to the presence or absence of prior liver disease, and there were differences in frequency of occurrence of the various gross types in the material from the above-mentioned countries.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Prevalence of delta antigen/antibody in B-viral-associated hepatocellular carcinoma.

Sera from 39 patients with B-viral associated hepatocellular carcinoma were studied for the presence of delta antibody using solid-phase blocking radioimmunoassay. Only one patient (2.5%) had circulating delta antibody in the serum, and stainable delta antigen in the nuclei of the nontumor liver. A similar study of the sera of 57 patients with chronic B-viral disease without hepatocellular carcinoma revealed 18 patients (31.5%) with delta antibody. This significant difference (P less than 0.001) in the prevalence of delta antibody among these two groups is probably related to the epidemiologic background, reflected as a racial difference.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The kinetics of P515 in relation to the lipid composition of the thylakoid membrane.

Flash-induced P515 absorbance changes have been studied in dark-adapted chloroplasts isolated from spinach plants grown under two different light intensities. The slow component (reaction 2), normally present in the P515 response of chloroplasts isolated from plants grown at an intensity of 60 W X m-2, was largely reduced in chloroplasts isolated from plants grown at an intensity of 6 W X m-2. This reduction of the slow component in the P515 response appeared to be coincident with an alteration in the lipid composition of the thylakoid membrane. Mainly the ratio monogalactosyldiacylglycerol to digalactosyldiacylglycerol appeared to be altered. In thylakoids from plants grown at 6 W X m-2, the ratio was approximately 35% lower than that of plants grown at 60 W X m-2. The amount of both cytochrome b563 and cytochrome f was largely reduced in chloroplasts isolated from plants grown at low light intensity. These results may indicate a possible correlation between structural organization of the thylakoid membrane and the kinetics of the flash-induced P515 response.

Chloroplasts↗
PubMed1984

Histochemical demonstration of guanase in human liver with guanine in bicine buffer as substrate.

Histochemical studies of human guanase (guanine deaminase) have seldom been undertaken, in part because of technical difficulties which result in heavy background staining. In this report, we describe a modified procedure in which the methodological inadequacies have been overcome. The modified technique has been applied to determine the intracellular and lobular distribution of guanase in normal human liver and in cases of primary biliary cirrhosis and alcoholic cirrhosis. Guanase was present within the cytoplasm of hepatocytes throughout the entire lobule. Enzyme activity was stronger on the sinusoidal side of the hepatocytes and in the periportal area. The reaction was weaker in perivenular hepatocytes. Portal components (bile ducts and veins), fibrous tissue and inflammatory cells were non-reactive, and the enzyme was absent from hepatocyte nuclei and membranes. Sections of skeletal muscle contained no guanase. The specificity of the reaction was confirmed by control tests on liver tissue and by the use of a specific inhibitor of guanase. It is concluded that the modified procedure overcomes the disadvantages inherent in the original method for guanase demonstration, allows the examination of fine cellular detail and should become a valuable histochemical tool with which to study diseases of the liver.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Pancreatitis associated with alcoholic liver disease. A review of 1022 autopsy cases.

The prevalence with which alcoholic pancreatitis is associated with alcoholic liver disease is unclear. To investigate this association further, we have reviewed the autopsy findings of 1022 patients who died from alcoholic liver disease and compared these findings with those from 352 patients who died from cardiac or pulmonary disease. All patients who died from liver disease had a history of chronic alcoholism with clinical and biochemical evidence of severe liver damage. Death resulted from hepatic coma, gastrointestinal bleeding, or infection. Liver disease patients were classified into two groups: (1) those with cirrhosis (77%) and (2) those without cirrhosis but with acute and/or chronic sclerosing hyaline necrosis (23%). Anatomic and histopathologic changes characteristic of chronic pancreatitis were found in 203 patients in approximately the same frequency (20% and 18%, respectively) in both groups. Acute pancreatitis without chronic lesions was observed in 8% and 10% of both groups, respectively. In the control group of 352 autopsies (122 cardiac and 230 pulmonary patients), the overall prevalence of pancreatitis, at 2.6%, was significantly (P less than 0.001) lower than that observed in the alcoholic liver disease groups. A total of 22 cases (50%) dying from acute or chronic sclerosing hyaline necrosis had severe chronic calcifying pancreatitis compared to 29 patients (18%) (P less than 0.001) dying from cirrhosis. By contrast, dense fibrosis was significantly (P less than 0.001) more commonly observed in patients with cirrhosis. We conclude that pancreatitis occurs frequently in patients dying from alcoholic liver disease but is an uncommon finding in patients dying from other causes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Acute viral hepatitis: morphologic and functional correlations in human livers.

The usual histologic pattern in acute viral hepatitis (AVH) includes cellular abnormalities predominantly in the perivenular (zone 3) hepatocytes and changes interpreted as representing regenerative activity in the periportal (zone 1) hepatocytes. Enzyme histochemical and ultrastructural studies of livers of 12 patients with AVH were undertaken to see whether these features support the concept of regeneration of hepatocytes in zone 1. The swollen hepatocytes in the perivenular areas were hydropic, with dilated or eccentric rough endoplasmic reticulum and decreased or vesicular smooth endoplasmic reticulum; correspondingly, the glucose-6-phosphatase activity (reflecting, when present, intact and functional endoplasmic reticulum) was markedly decreased. Succinic dehydrogenase and diphosphopyridine nucleotide diaphorase activities, representing mitochondrial enzymes, were limited to the perinuclear or pericanalicular cytoplasm of swollen hepatocytes. gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase activity was increased. The periportal hydropic hepatocytes were small and arranged in clusters displacing sinusoids. Ultrastructurally, these hepatocytes had nearly normal organelles but scanty smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Activities of the enzymes glucose-6-phosphatase, succinic dehydrogenase, and diphosphopyridine nucleotide diaphorase were weak, although glycogen was abundant. gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase activity was scanty in these hepatocytes. These findings from enzyme histochemical and electron microscopic studies could be interpreted as evidence of functional deterioration of perivenular swollen hepatocytes and relative functional immaturity of periportal hydropic clustered hepatocytes, suggesting regeneration of zone 1 hepatocytes.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

Evaluation of enzyme immunoassay for anti-HBc IgM in the diagnosis of acute hepatitis B virus infection.

Corzyme-MTM (Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, IL), a newly introduced kit for the measurement of serum IgM antihepatitis B core antigen by enzyme immunoassay, was evaluated for the diagnosis of acute B-viral hepatitis (AVH-B). The study included 175 acute viral hepatitis patients with transient hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Sera from 160 were tested on multiple occasions until their HBsAg cleared. IgM anti-HBc was found in 171 of 175 patients (98.4%) during the acute phase. The serum samples from 42 patients with liver biopsy-proven chronic active hepatitis, type B (CAH-B), and 18 patients with persistent hepatitis, type B (PH-B), were analyzed for the presence of IgM anti-HBc, using the same technic. None of the sera from 42 patients with CAH-B and only 2 of the 18 patients with PHB had IgM anti-HBc. Thus, the measuring IgM anti-HBc using Corzyme-M kit is helpful in the diagnosis of AVH-B and in the discrimination of acute from chronic HBV infections.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

Idiopathic fatty liver of pregnancy: findings in ten cases.

Ten cases of fatty liver of pregnancy are reported from a large metropolitan medical center for the period 1972 to 1982. Compared to earlier reports, a marked decrease in both maternal and fetal mortality was noted (1 mother died and 2 of 12 infants were stillborn). Eight other cases obtained from liver biopsies referred from other hospitals were also reviewed and combined mortality data were similar. Since delivery was spontaneous in 8 of our 10 patients, the lower mortality cannot be attributed to early delivery. Instead, we ascribe it to improved supportive therapy with transfusions, clotting factors, antibiotics, glucose and monitoring. Also, earlier reports emphasized autopsy material. The incidence of FLP was 1 per 13,328 deliveries in a predominantly Hispanic population. Our review yielded new data concerning presenting signs and symptoms, laboratory features including serial clotting screens documenting disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), obstetric and perinatal information as well as maternal follow-up.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Immunohistochemical localization of the delta antigen associated with hepatitis B virus in liver biopsy sections embedded in Araldite.

Immunohistochemical localization of the delta antigen in the nuclei of the liver tissue embedded in Araldite was successfully carried out by an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. Deplasticization, using sodium ethoxide solution, was required prior to application of immunochemical reagents. The specificity of the staining was confirmed by the abolition of positive staining after absorption of the antibody with the delta antigen.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1984

Giant mitochondria in the alcoholic liver diseases--their identification, frequency and pathologic significance.

Three types of giant mitochondria have been described in hepatocytes, and we have investigated their ultrastructural features and occurrence in alcoholic liver disease. Type I mitochondria are spherical, with a paucity of cristae. Type II are elongated and have long crystalline insertions. Type III are relatively smaller and often bizarre in shape, containing multiple crystalline insertions. We defined megamitochondria as spheroidal giant mitochondria with a diameter roughly more than one third of the hepatocyte nucleus and visible under light microscopy. Type I was the most common form of megamitochondria in livers with ALD. Megamitochondria were present in livers of 58 (27.8%) of 209 consecutive patients with alcoholic liver disease, compared with 1 (0.7%) of a series of 145 patients with non-alcoholic liver disease. The frequency and occurrence of megamitochondria varied in different types and/or stages of alcoholic liver disease. In particular, livers with alcoholic foamy degeneration had significantly increased frequency and numbers of megamitochondria compared to other patterns of alcoholic liver disease. The ultrastructural studies showed that hepatocytes containing Type I mitochondria frequently had other damaged organelles and extensive focal cytoplasmic degradation. Enzyme histochemistry showed the foamy hepatocytes containing Type I had markedly decreased staining for glucose-6-phosphatase and slightly decreased staining for succinic dehydrogenase activities, while the hepatocytes with Type II or III had normal staining. In general, Type I giant mitochondria seem more characteristic to alcoholic liver disease, or conditions that produce similar hepatic morphology. It is particularly seen in alcoholic foamy degeneration and may be part of decompensation of the hepatocytes, while Types II and III occurred in hepatocytes of both alcoholic and non-alcoholic patients and had preserved function.

Humans↗
PubMed1984

Alcoholic hyalin-containing hepatocytes--a characteristic morphologic appearance.

We studied the morphologic appearance of alcoholic hyalin (AH)-containing hepatocytes in liver biopsies from 14 patients with alcoholic liver disease. Most hepatocytes had a characteristic appearance. The cells were swollen and hydropic with an intact cell membrane. The mitochondria had variable-sized cristae which were both shortened and elongated. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum was markedly decreased. The rough endoplasmic reticulum was bizarre, with detachment of the ribosomes that surrounded the AH. The hepatocytes that contained AH bodies had lost almost all the glucose-6-phosphate activity but had variable amounts of succinic dehydrogenase and diphosphopyridine nucleotide diaphorase activities. The neutrophils admixed with mononuclear cells attached themselves to the hepatocytes and then invaginated into the hepatocytic cytoplasm with focal lysis of the cell membrane mediated via the release of neutrophilic lysosomes. The distortion of protein-synthesizing organelles and decrease in glucose-6-phosphatase activity suggest that the AH-containing hepatocyte is metabolically decompensated. The final cell death may be related to the neutrophilic attack, rather than the metabolic derangement.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1984

Chronic delta infection and liver biopsy changes in chronic active hepatitis B.

The delta agent consists of particles of RNA nucleoprotein and is probably a defective virus present only in the livers of patients with B-viral acute or chronic liver disease. Its frequency is significantly greater in patients with chronic active hepatitis B than in those with persistent viral hepatitis B, suggesting that chronic delta infection may increase the severity of liver disease. We studied biopsy or autopsy tissue samples from 57 patients with chronic active hepatitis B for morphologic differences between chronic delta-positive and delta-negative cases. The delta-positive cases had significantly greater portal and parenchymal inflammatory change, parenchymal necrosis, and nuclear dysplastic and polyploid change than did the delta-negative cases. These findings suggest that chronic delta infection, with ongoing delta replication, may increase the degree of hepatic damage, and possibly hasten the progression of liver disease, in patients with chronic active hepatitis B.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1984

The bile duct adenoma. A lesion distinct from Meyenburg complex.

We studied 16 cases of bile duct adenomas, lesions that are distinct from Meyenburg complex. The former lesion is made up of small tubular structures with little or no lumen, is usually single and subcapsular, and is unrelated to cystic disease. It must be differentiated from early carcinoma. Of the six cases encountered at surgery, follow-up information was available on two patients. There was no development of carcinoma in any of these cases.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1984

Fulminant B viral hepatitis: role of delta agent.

The prevalence of delta-markers among 71 patients with fulminant B viral hepatitis was found to be 33.8%. The majority of the patients with delta-markers showed serologic evidence of simultaneous acute delta-infection and B viral infection. Only 5 of the 24 patients with serologic markers of acute delta-infection in this fulminant group were presumably infected chronically with hepatitis B virus as shown by the absence of immunoglobulin M antibody to hepatitis B core antigen. A study of serologic markers of acute delta-infection among 118 patients with nonfulminant acute B viral hepatitis, in contrast, revealed only 4.2% incidence. This significant difference in the prevalence of simultaneous acute B and delta viral infections between the fulminant and the nonfulminant acute hepatitis groups indicates a higher morbidity rate associated with simultaneous infection. When the fulminant group was divided into acute B viral infection without delta-markers (subgroup 1), simultaneous acute B and delta-infections (subgroup 2), and chronic asymptomatic B with acute delta-infections (subgroup 3), for comparison of survival data, the mortality rate was not significantly different in the first two groups when the patients were age matched.

Acute Disease↗