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Biomedical subjects

R L Newman

Publications and source records attributed to R L Newman.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Influence of phonological expectations during a phoneme deletion task: evidence from event-related brain potentials.

Several studies have identified a negativity [the phonological mismatch negativity (PMN)] preceding the N400 during auditory sentence comprehension. The present study investigated whether the PMN reflects a prelexical or lexical stage of spoken word recognition. Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded to investigate phonological processing independently from lexical/semantic influences during a task requiring metalinguistic analysis of speech stimuli. Participants were instructed to omit the initial phoneme from a word ("clap" without the/k/) after which they heard a correct (lap) or incorrect (cap, ap, nose) answer. The PMN (peaking at 270 ms) was largest to incorrect items and did not differentiate between items that shared the same rime and items that were phonologically unrelated to the correct choice. Further, the PMN did not differ between word (cap) and nonword (ap) choices. The P300 was largest to correct items but was also seen to choices that rhymed with the correct answer. It is concluded that the PMN serves as a neural marker for the analysis of acoustic input merging with prelexical phonemic expectations.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Medical management of the unstable bladder.

Seventy incontinent female patients were diagnosed as having unstable bladders during a two-year period. The diagnosis was made with a questionnaire, carbon dioxide urethroscopy and pressure profiles according to the technique of Robertson. Forty patients were continent on medication, 11 were improved, 6 showed no improvement, 1 was on a trial of medication at this writing, and 12 were lost to follow-up. The medical management and various drugs used in the treatment of unstable bladder are discussed in this report.

Female↗
PubMed1978

Atypical cervical cytology and colposcopic directed biopsy.

A cervical cytologic diagnosis of inflammatory stypia was made in 319 patients during a 42-month period. Two hundred twenty-five of those patients underwent colposcopy, and biopsy was performed in 155 patients. Mild to severe dysplasia was diagnosed in 115 patients, for a 36% prevalence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Diagnostic laparoscopy.

Six hundred fifty-eight laparoscopies were performed at St. Luke's Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, USA, between March 1, 1976 and February 28, 1977. One hundred sixty-eight (25.5%) were performed for diagnostic purposes. A review of the preoperative diagnoses and the laparoscopic findings demonstrates the value of laparoscopy as a diagnostic procedure.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

Roll-over test.

One hundred randomly selected nulliparous, normotensive women were subjected to the roll-over test between 28 and 32 weeks' gestation. Twenty-five women had a positive test. Thirteen of those 25 women developed pre-eclampsia requiring magnesium sulfate therapy. Eight had transient hypertension during labor requiring no therapy. Four had no evidence of hypertension during pregnancy. A false-positive rate for the 25 women with a positive roll-over test was 16 per cent. Seventy-five women had a negative roll-over test. Sixty-eight of those women had no evidence of hypertension of pregnancy. Seven had evidence of transient hypertension during labor requiring no therapy. A false-negative test was present in 10 per cent of the 75 patients with a negative roll-over test. In no case did a patient with a negative test develop pre-eclampsia. The roll-over test is recommended as a routine test for every pregnant patient between 28 and 32 weeks' gestation for the early diagnosis of hypertension of pregnancy.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1977

The relationship of amniotic fluid insulin levels and the lecithin-sphingomyelin ratio.

Amniotic fluid insulin levels and the lecithin-sphingomyelin ratio were determined in 62 samples of 33 insulin-dependent diabetic patients from the 29th to the 44th week of gestation inclusive and in 42 samples of 38 gestational diabetic patients from the 35th to the 43rd week of gestation inclusive. (Gestational age was measured by ultrasonography.) The level of insulin in the amniotic fluid did not appear to affect the lecithin-sphingomyelin ratio.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1977

Glucose disappearance in infants of diabetic mothers. II. Relationship to lowest neonatal blood glucose and amniotic fluid insulin.

Neonatal glucose disappearance (KT) was measured in 26 infants of insulin-dependent diabetic mothers within the first 2 h of life. A significant correlation was found between the KT and the lowest blood glucose (LBG) in the first day of life (r = 0.64, P less than 0.001). None of 21 infants developed a LBG less than 20 mg/dl when the KT was less than 3.0%/min in contrast to 4 of 5 whose KT was greater than 3.0%/min (P less than 0.001). Amniotic fluid (AF) glucose and insulin were determined in 42 samples from 18 of these patients in the third trimester of pregnancy. There was a significant correlation between AF insulin values and the neonatal KT (R = 0.76, P less than 0.001). The correlation was higher when only amniotic fluid values obtained on the day of delivery were considered (n = 17, r = 0.90, P less than 0.001). 1 of 13 infants developed a LBG less than 20 mg/dl when the amniotic fluid insulin was less than 100 mu U/ml on the day of delivery in contrast to 3 of 4 whose AF insulin was greater than 100 mu U/ml (P less than 0.001). No correlation of AF glucose was found with infants' KT or LBG. These data suggest that both neonatal KT and AF insulin are of value for predicting neonatal hypoglycemia and detecting infants who will require treatment for its prevention.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1976

A study of blood coagulation parameters.

The object of this study was to determine the presence or absence of abnormalities in a variety of blood coagulation parameters in women on contraceptive medication. A prospective double-blind study involving a control group with a total study enrollment of 211 women during a 29 month period was established. Although research has not proved that changes in coagulation parameters will cause abnormal clotting in normal patients, a pattern appears to be developing involving antithrombin III determinations. Corresponding patterns do not appear to be developing in the other blood coagulation parameters.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Incidence of cervical cancer in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women detected by Papanicolaou smears.

This paper concerns itself with the prevalence of abnormal Papanicolaou smears in women 40 years of age or older. They are considered in two groups, i.e. perimenopausal (40 through 49) and postmenopausal (50 or more). In the perimenopausal group, the incidence of abnormal smears was higher than in a central population of women of all age groups. Abnormal smears were less than half as common in the postmenopausal group. Invasive cancer was four times greater in the perimenopausal group and two times greater in the postmenopausal group.

Adult↗