Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R L Naeye

Publications and source records attributed to R L Naeye.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Differing effects of fetal sex on pregnancy and its outcome.

An analysis of 52,198 pregnancies was undertaken to determine if male and female fetuses had differing environmental effects on their mothers. Early gestational blood pressure and weight gain were significantly higher in preeclamptic women with male than with female fetuses. Preeclamptic women had lower third trimester hemoglobin values and less frequent proteinuria with male than with female fetuses. Excessive syncytial knots, a characteristic placental consequence of low uteroplacental blood flow, were seen less frequently with male than with female fetuses. These findings are hypothesized to be due to a greater maternal blood plasma volume expansion with male than with female fetuses in preeclamptic pregnancies.

Blood Volume↗
PubMed1987

Do placental weights have clinical significance?

This study attempted to determine if placental size has implications for fetal/neonatal health and for subsequent childhood growth and development. 38,351 placentas were trimmed and weighed in a standardized way. The following factors were found to be associated with low placental weight: low maternal pregravid body weight, low pregnancy weight gain, high maternal hemoglobin levels during pregnancy, gestational hypertension, paid employment outside the home during pregnancy, and low parity. Taking these factors into consideration, placentas that were underweight for birth weight were associated with high hemoglobin values in neonates and lower-than-expected body size in later childhood. Overweight placentas, largely a result of villous edema, were associated with the following neonatal evidences of acute antenatal hypoxia: low Apgar scores, the respiratory distress syndrome, neurologic abnormalities, and neonatal death. Some of the neurologic abnormalities persisted so that at patient age of 7 years, they were 33 per cent more frequent when placentas had been overweight than when they had been of normal weight (P less than .001).

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1986

Congenital syphilis and perinatal mortality.

About 6% of perinatal mortality in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, is associated with congenital syphilis. We report on 65 autopsies and the accompanying maternal examinations and interviews. Congenital syphilis was most common in unwanted pregnancies, in women with previous stillborns, in those who had multiple sexual partners, and in those who did not seek antenatal medical care. Congenital syphilis causes enlargement of liver, spleen, and placenta; premature labor; and increased perinatal mortality. It is recognizable even in severely macerated stillborns.

Female↗
PubMed1985

Differing effects of low and high bulk maternal dietary supplements during pregnancy.

The study attempted to determine if the bulk of dietary supplements given to pregnant women after midgestation affects fetal growth. 127 Zulu women were randomly assigned to four groups, two of which received daily food supplements designed to raise their energy, protein and vitamin intakes to levels recommended by the U.S. Food and Nutrition Board. One of these supplements had a high bulk, the other a low bulk. The third supplement contained only zinc and the fourth a placebo. Women in all four groups had a similar weight gain and length of gestation. Birth weights were from 6.5 to 9.5% greater with the low bulk than with the other supplements.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1985

Umbilical cord length: clinical significance.

Umbilical cord length in 35,779 neonates was analyzed to determine values after mid-gestation and to see if abnormal values have clinical significance. Growth slowed after twenty-eighth week of gestation but did not stop before term. Cord length had a positive correlation with maternal height, pregravid weight, pregnancy weight gain, socioeconomic status, and the fetus being male. Short cords were associated with subsequent psychomotor abnormalities, but taken alone their predictive value was low because the normal range of cord lengths is large. Short cords were much better predictors of subsequent impairments when they were combined with other neonatal predictors. Short cords doubled or tripled the predictive values of low Apgar scores and several other neonatal abnormalities for subsequent low IQ values and neurologic abnormalities.

Female↗
PubMed1985

Maternal floor infarction.

In an attempt to determine the frequency, course, and outcome of maternal floor infarcts, 39,215 placentas and pregnancies were reviewed. The disorder is somewhat misnamed, because it is characterized by heavy deposition of fibrin in the decidua beneath the placenta rather than by arterial occlusion and ischemic necrosis of villi. The fibrin in floor infarcts often extends into the intervillous space, where it envelops villi, causing them to become atrophic. The disorder was relatively frequent in the present study, being present in nearly one of every 200 placentas. Mortality was high, with 17 per cent of the fetuses being stillborn. It may be a recurrent disorder, because 50 per cent of the gravidas with floor infarcts, compared with 27 per cent of control subjects (P less than 0.001), had had prior abortions and stillbirths. Damage to the decidua basalis by ischemia or infection may initiate many floor infarcts. Atheroma in the decidual arteries, foci of decidual necrosis, and histologic evidence of low uteroplacental blood flow were more frequent in patients with floor infarcts. Low maternal blood volume may contribute to the low blood flow because maternal hemoglobin values were often abnormally high in gravidas in whom floor infarcts developed. Acute chorioamnionitis, which can damage the decidua, had twice the expected frequency in gravidas with floor infarcts.

Decidua↗
PubMed1985

Biologic bases for international fetal growth curves.

A simple, inexpensive method for assessing maternal nutritional status during pregnancy was sought to control for nutrition in the development of fetal growth curves for diverse populations. Triceps skinfold thickness was measured at intervals throughout pregnancy in 60 Ethiopian women. In normally nourished pregnancies this measurement increases in the first two trimesters and decreases in the third, reflecting early pregnancy storage of fat and its release in late gestation to meet the increasing energy needs of the fetus. Ethiopian women who had skinfold thickness increases and decreases as great as those in the United Kingdom (UK) had neonates as heavy as those in the UK. This may mean that Ethiopian fetuses have the same growth potential as those in the UK and that the same growth curves can be used for the two populations. Skinfold thickness measurements may be the means by which nutrition can be controlled as a growth factor in determining the intrinsic fetal growth potentials of diverse populations.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1984

Placental microbiology and histology and the pathogenesis of chorioamnionitis.

The present study was undertaken to determine the proportion of cases of chorioamnionitis that was caused by microbiologic agents. Seventy-five placentas were processed to isolate aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and chlamydia. Results were correlated with the presence or absence of histologic and clinical chorioamnionitis. Bacteria were recovered from 72% (18 of 25) of placentas with histologic chorioamnionitis and from nine of 11 cases (82%) of clinical chorioamnionitis, all of which had histologic chorioamnionitis. Bacteria were recovered from only 15% (six of 39) of placentas without histologic chorioamnionitis. Nearly 50% of the bacteria recovered from placentas were anaerobes, often fastidious in their growth requirements. Often two to three such anaerobes were recovered from a placenta. Findings of the present study increase the possibility that bacteria are responsible for most cases of chorioamnionitis.

Chlamydia Infections↗
PubMed1984

Mental development of children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy.

Data were analyzed from a large prospective study to try to determine whether or not women's smoking during pregnancy affects their children's mental development. Many confounding variables were controlled by multiple regression analysis and by intrapair comparisons of siblings whose mothers had smoked during one but not in the other of the two pregnancies. Hyperactivity, short attention span, and lower scores on spelling and reading tests were more frequent for children whose mothers had smoked throughout pregnancy. The cognitive abnormalities were mild, with achievement test scores only 2 to 4% lower in children whose mothers had smoked during pregnancy. The behavioral abnormalities in children of smokers were associated with elevated neonatal hemoglobin levels and low birth weights, suggesting that fetal hypoxemia possibly may contribute to the genesis of behavioral abnormalities.

Attention↗
PubMed1983

Maternal use of dextroamphetamine and growth of the fetus.

Data from a large prospective study were analyzed to determine if taking dextroamphetamine during pregnancy affects fetal growth or fetal/neonatal mortality. 237/42,101 women took the drug to control weight gain. Birth weights were not significantly affected when the drug was discontinued before the 28th week of gestation, but after the 28th week birth weights were 4% lower (144 g) when the drug had been taken in high weight gain gestations (p less than 0.01). The body lengths and head circumferences of neonates were not affected. The perinatal mortality rate was 38/1,000 births for both offspring of drug users and nonusers.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1983

The clinical significance of placental villous edema.

A study was undertaken to determine why there is such variability in morbidity and mortality in neonates exposed to antenatal chorioamnionitis. Villous edema provides a clue. It was present in 72/83 placentas with chorioamnionitis. The extent and severity of the edema had a strong, positive correlation with cord arterial blood pH values, low Apgar scores, the need to resuscitate vigorously at birth, the subsequent need for assisted ventilation, the frequency of hyaline membrane disease, and neonatal mortality. Most of the difference in morbidity and mortality between preterm and full-term infants was related to the greater severity and extent of villous edema in those born prematurely.

Amnion↗
PubMed1983

Maternal age, obstetric complications, and the outcome of pregnancy.

Data from 44,386 pregnancies were analyzed to determine if advancing maternal age influences frequency or outcome of antenatal disorders. The perinatal mortality rate progressively increased from 25/1000 at age 17 ro 19 years to 69/1000 after age 39. Stillbirths accounted for 92% of this increase. Fourteen percent of the increase was due to congenital malformations and 50% to disorders associated with uteroplacental underperfusion, ie, abruptio placentae, large placental infarcts, and placental growth retardation. Sclerotic lesions in the myometrial arteries are a possible cause of underperfusion because the proportion of arteries with these lesions increased from 11% at age 17 to 19 years to 83% after age 39.

Adolescent↗