Perioperative diuresis and ICP.
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Anesthesia↗
Biomedical subjects
R L Mitchell
Publications and source records attributed to R L Mitchell.
The surgical management of acute and chronic injuries of the thoracic aorta.
The clinical diagnosis of traumatic descending thoracic aortic aneurysm is not obvious but is usually suggested on a roentgenogram of the chest. The diagnosis, therefore, is based upon a high index of suspicion and confirmed by an angiogram. Femoral-femoral bypass is a safe approach, assuring adequate distal perfusion and, thereby, avoiding problems of ischemia. By assuring adequate distal perfusion and preserving all possible intercostal arteries, spinal cord injury was avoided in this series.
Accidents, Traffic↗
Association of pp60src and src protein kinase activity with the plasma membrane of nonpermissive and permissive avian sarcoma virus-infected cells.
The intracellular localization of pp60src and src protein kinase activity in avian sarcoma virus (ASV)-infected chicken embryo fibroblasts and transformed and morphologically reverted field vole cells was examined by subcellular fractionation procedures. Fractionation by differential centrifugation of Dounce-homogenized cellular extracts prepared from vole cells showed that 83 to 91% of pp60src sedimented with particulate subcellular components from both transformed and revertant vole cells. A slightly lesser amount (60 to 70%) of pp60src was found associated with the particulate fraction from ASV-infected chicken embryo fibroblasts. The distribution of src protein kinase activity in the cytosol and particulate cell fractions was identical to that of pp60src, indicating no detectable differences in the activity of cytosol- and particulate-associated pp60src. When subcellular components of the cell were fractionated by discontinuous sucrose gradient centrifugation, similar amounts of both pp60src and src protein kinase activity cosedimented with the plasma membrane fractions from both transformed and revertant vole cells, as well as from ASV-infected chicken embryo fibroblasts. src protein kinase activity associated with plasma membrane fractions prepared from vole cells and ASV-infected chicken embryo fibroblasts was resistant to extraction with high salt concentrations, but partial elution was achieved with nonionic detergent. Thus, in both transformed and morphologically reverted vole cells, pp60src is intimately associated with the plasma membrane. Since transforming virus can be rescued from revertant vole cells by fusion to chicken embryo fibroblasts, revertant vole cell pp60src is capable of inducing morphological transformation. Thus, although the data presented herein suggest that transformation requires the association of pp60src with the plasma membrane, the binding of pp60src to the plasma membrane per se is insufficient to induce morphological transformation and requires the additional interaction with a specific target membrane protein which appears to be defective in revertant vole cells.
Alpharetrovirus↗
Trace elements in soils and crops.
To demonstrate the total amounts to be expected in soils, the ranges of contents of some 60 trace elements in ten representative Scottish arable surface soils are compared with ranges in soil-forming rocks and with crustal averages. It is, however, the amounts potentially available to plants rather than the total contents that are biologically significant. In temperate climates, trace element mobilization is greatest when weathering takes place under conditions of impeded pedological drainage, leading to the formation of gleyed soils. Mobilized trace elements occur in arable surface soils largely in adsorbed and chelated forms, which are available to plants to a greater or smaller extent depending on the prevailing soil parameters and on the element in question. Different species take up different amounts of trace elements: the proportions in the various plant parts vary with the element and the stage of growth. Information is required about the mobilization and uptake of many elements about which little is at present known but which may affect the functions of essential elements through inter-element interactions. Systematic soil surveys in which soils are mapped by associations related to parent material, with their series related to genetic soil types, provide a useful countrywide guide to trace element status.
Agriculture↗
Replication of vesicular stomatitis virus facilitated by Shope fibroma virus in vivo.
Previous studies show that Shope fibroma virus facilitates replication of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) in some rabbit cells grown in vitro. In the present investigation, the possibility that these two viruses can also interact in vivo was determined. Rabbits inoculated intradermally with both viruses together, or each separately, were examined for the formation of lesions or tumors and for the production of infectious virus. The presence of VSV interfered with tumorigenesis by Shope fibroma virus. In tumors already formed, production of infectious VSV was greater than in normal skin. Hence, each virus affected the other. Sera and tissues of normal rabbits were found to contain a substance which inhibits VSV; this may act to limit replication of VSV in rabbit skin. In addition, cultured rabbit skin cells appeared to adsorb VSV inefficiently. When persistently infected by Shope fibroma virus, however, adsorption of VSV was markedly improved. Our results suggest that in vivo Shope fibroma virus may facilitate adsorption of VSV to reduce the effect of a natural inhibitor and consequently enhance production of infectious virus.
Adsorption↗
Coronary artery spasm. medical management, surgical denervation, and autotransplantation.
Coronary artery spasm was induced by intravascular administration of ergonovine maleate (Ergotrate) during cardiac catheterization. In 78 patients suspected to have Prinzmetal's angina, no morbidity or death has resulted despite complete occlusive spasm in two and three coronary arteries. Typical EKG changes and akinesia of the myocardium in the distribution of the occluded vessels documented functional myocardial ischemia during spasm. The occlusive spasm is readily reversed by sublingual or intravascular nitroglycerin, and ventricular contractility returns to normal following relief of spasm. Occlusive spasm has been demonstrated in 15 patients with clinical evidence of Prinzmetal's angina. Symptoms have been effectively relieved by coronary vasodilators in 10 patients. Of the 5 patients in whom medical therapy failed, 4 were treated surgically. These 4 patients were in the intensive care unit with protracted, prolonged pain, subendocardial infarctions, and persistent failure of coronary vasodilators. Aorta-coronary bypass grafts have been combined with total cardiac denervation by autotransplantation (one patient) and total cardiac denervation by stripping of the great vessels (3 patients). Two of the patients treated by cardiac denervation died in the early postoperative period. The patient treated by autotransplantation has total relief of symptoms but persistent spasm on angiography. The angiographic demonstration of occlusive coronary spasm remains a valuable diagnostic tool to document definitively the presence of spasm. The surgical results question the value of surgical intervention in this disease.
Adult↗
A note on the lack of difference in fertility between old and young hens when inseminated with frozen semen.
Semen was frozen (in glycerol) from 24 males (9 months of age) of a commercial broiler line and was inseminated intravaginally into old (19 months of age) and young (7 months of age) commercial Leghorn females. Duration of fertility, percent fertility during duration and percent hens fertile were measured. The means for old and young hens respectively, were: duration of fertility (1.4 +/- 0.4 and 1.6 +/- 0.5 days), percent fertility (19.1 +/- 5.1 and 15.9 +/- 5.1) and percent hens fertile (29.2 +/- 7.7 and 25.3 +/- 7.2). The "t" test revealed no significant (P greater than 0.05) differences between old and young females in fertility.
Age Factors↗
Fertility of frozen chicken semen after intravaginal and intrauterine inseminations using various concentrations and equilibration times of dimethylsulfoxide and a range of freezing and thawing rates.
The use of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a cryoprotective agent for freezing chicken semen was examined with respect to intravaginal (I.V.) and intrauterine(I.U.) inseminations. Semen diluted in DMSO was subjected to various freeze rates, equilibration times and thawing rates. Various concentrations of DMSO were examined as was the effect of diluting DMSO with phosphate buffer and Lake's solution. There was no significant (p greater than 0.05) effect of rate of freeze (ranging from 1.3 degrees C to 7.2 degrees C. per min) on fertility. However, rapid thawing in an ice bath resulted in a longer (p less than 0.05) duration of fertility than thawing at 1 degree C. per min., but had no effect on percent fertility during duration or percent hens fertile. Equilibration time and concentration of DMSO had no significant (p greater than 0.05) effects on fertility. There was no interaction between insemination route and Lake's solution vs. phosphate buffer with respect to duration of fertility. It was concluded that intrauterine (I.U.) insemination resulted in superior fertility to intravaginal (I.V.) inseminations with semen frozen in DMSO.
Animals↗
Cricopharyngeal myotomy: treatment of dysphagia.
Six patients are presented who underwent cricopharyngeus myotomy for dysphagia. The clinical history and cine studies appear to be the most useful assessments in defining patients with dysphagia who may improve after a myotomy. Etiological factors which may precipitate poor coordination of the swallowing mechanism and a relative cricopharyngeus muscle obstruction include neuromuscular disorders, radical oral surgery, central nervous disease, and idiopathic disorders, although the exact physiology of the cricopharyngeus muscle in health and disease is not as yet delineated, the muscle is being implicated in many problems as the inciting factor of upper esophageal dysphagia. The operation of cricopharyngeus myotomy is a relatively simple procedure and should be done with little morbidity and mortality in properly selected cases.
Adult↗
Testing for sickle cell anemia.
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Anemia, Sickle Cell↗
Copper and molybdenum in subcellular fractions of rat liver.
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Animals↗
Structural alteration of viral homologue of receptor proto-oncogene fms at carboxyl terminus.
A role for proto-oncogenes in the regulation and modulation of cell proliferation has been suggested by the findings that the B-chain of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is encoded by the proto-oncogene sis and that the erb-B oncogene product is a truncated form of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor. Furthermore, the product of the proto-oncogene fms (c-fms) may be related or identical to the receptor for macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1). v-fms is the transforming gene of the McDonough strain of feline sarcoma virus (SM-FeSV) and belongs to the family of src-related oncogenes which have tyrosine-specific kinase activity. Furthermore, nucleotide sequence analysis of the v-fms gene product revealed topological properties of a cell-surface receptor protein. To elucidate the features involved in the conversion of a normal cell-surface receptor gene into an oncogenic one, we have now determined the complete nucleotide sequence of a human c-fms complementary DNA. The 972-amino-acid c-fms protein has an extracellular domain, a membrane-spanning region, and a cytoplasmic tyrosine protein kinase domain. Comparison of the feline v-fms and human c-fms sequences reveals that the proteins share extensive homology but have different carboxyl termini.
Amino Acid Sequence↗