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Biomedical subjects

R L Martin

Publications and source records attributed to R L Martin.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Mild senile dementia of Alzheimer type: research diagnostic criteria, recruitment, and description of a study population.

Clinical investigations of senile dementia of the Alzheimer type require establishment of explicit clinical diagnostic criteria before histological confirmation is possible. Criteria for selection of mildly impaired subjects with senile dementia of Alzheimer type, free of other major disease, are proposed. Problems of recruitment of this select population for a longitudinal study are discussed. A study population with matched healthy control subjects has been enrolled and described. Short term follow-up has provided preliminary support for the diagnostic criteria.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

A new clinical scale for the staging of dementia.

Accurate clinical staging of dementia in older subjects has not previously been achieved despite the use of such methods as psychometric testing, behavioural rating, and various combinations of simpler psychometric and behavioural evaluations. The Clinical Dementia Rating (CRD), a global rating device, was developed for a prospective study of mild senile dementia--Alzheimer type (SDAT). Reliability, validity, and correlational data are discussed. The CRD was found to distinguish unambiguously among older subjects with a wide range of cognitive function, from healthy to severely impaired.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Alcoholism and female criminality.

Among 66 female felons unselected for psychiatric referral, 31 (47%) were diagnosed alcoholic. This rate is similar to that found in male criminals, whereas in most groups men alcoholics far outnumber women alcoholics. Alcoholism was associated with antisocial personality and homosexuality in this sample, but not with affective disorder. On follow-up 6 years later, 52% of the alcoholic women were in remission. Alcohol abuse was associated with medical problems, with the alcoholic subjects accounting for most deaths, serious medical illness, and psychiatric hospitalization. Criminal recidivism was not significantly related to alcoholism. The remitted alcoholics did not turn to drugs, and, with one exception, remitted drug-dependent women did not turn to alcohol.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1981

Catatonic stupor: a diagnostically non-specific but distinct syndrome.

Catatonic stupor is a severe and potentially life-threatening syndrome Unfortunately, recognition is often delayed hindering the prompt institution of effective therapy. Diagnostic confusion may also preclude appropriate treatment. Despite extensive evidence than catatonia is a diagnostically non-specific cross-sectional clinical syndrome it is often assumed to indicate schizophrenia and is treated accordingly with neuroleptics whereas it appears that electro-convulsive therapy (ECT) is the treatment of choice. A case illustrating these issues is presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Psychiatric status after hysterectomy. A one-year prospective follow-up.

Forty-four randomly selected women who received noncancer hysterectomy were evaluated preoperatively and at one-year follow-up. The findings did not support the hypothesis that the hysterectomy procedure is followed by an excess of psychiatric symptoms. The group, in fact, was less symptomatic at follow-up than presurgically. On the whole, women manifesting psychiatric symptoms during the follow-up had had similar problems before surgery. Many of the symptoms were associated with a presurgical diagnosis of hysteria (Briquet's somatization syndrome), found at a striking excess in the sample (27% vs the 1% or 2% expected). The authors suggest that when hysteria is diagnosed, therapeutic decisions regarding hysterectomy should be based on objective findings rather than on complaints, in that women with hysteria may be placed at risk of hysterectomy on the basis of psychiatric rather than gynecologic illness.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Proton imaging for medical applications.

In order to demonstrate the potential advantages of proton imaging for medical use, a 205-MeV proton beam was developed using the Argonne National Laboratory Booster I synchrotron. Data were taken using a narrow scanning beam and an electronic detector system. The dose reduction and an improved mass resulution over the radiographs. The images also show significant differences in the proton stopping power of different tissues, thus demonstrating considerable potential in soft-tissue imaging. The development of a proton tomographic scan system is also briefly discussed.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1979

Effect of lactulose, neomycin and antacid on colonic pH recorded continuously with an implanted electrode.

Colonic pH was continuously monitored by a pH electrode implanted in the transverse colon of rats over a 24-hour period. Lactulose significantly reduced the colonic pH to 5.37 +/- .39 from a fasting value of 6.77 +/- .75. Pretreatment with neomycin or concomitant use of a nonabsorbable antacid prevented lactulose-induced reduction in the colonic pH. The clinical implication of the study is that combined use of lactulose with neomycin or high doses of non-absorbable antacids in the treatment of chronic portasystemic encephalopathy may be undesirable.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Female criminality and the prediction of recidivism. A prospective six-year follow-up.

A prospective, six-year follow-up investigation of 66 convicted female felons indicated that psychiatric, social, and familial factors defined and measured at the time of the index study affected the rate of criminal recidivism. Wide individual variation in the course of female criminality was observed. Prolonged supervision on parole or probation appeared to have therapeutic benefit. The most powerful predictors of recidivism were the diagnoses of drug dependence and antisocial personality, and a history of homosexuality. Familial criminality and maternal hysteria were also associated with an increased risk of serious and persistent recidivism. Educational, marital, and employment status contributed to a lesser extent, while race and type of index offense were only significant (P less than .05) when minor offenses were considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Tapeworms of the Chaco Boreal, Paraguay, with two new species.

Mathevotaenia paraguayae sp. n. is described from Euphractus sexcinctus. It differs from M. didelphidis (Rud.) in having a transverse cirrus pouch anterior to the vagina. Monoecocestus mackiewiczi sp. n. was found in Phyllotis sp. It differs from M. parcitesticulatus Rego in having a much smaller scolex, a poral ovary, and a cirrus pouch 360 to 440 micrometers long. Other species reported are Taenia macrocystis, Taenia omissa, Spirometra mansonoides, Spirometra gracilis, Spirometra longicollis, Diphyllobothrium trinitatis, Atriotaenia parva, and Mathevotaenia tetragonocephala.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

In vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo acute responses to some amino acid copolymers and their esters.

The present study was performed in order to establish if there is any correspondence between specific parameters of tissue reaction to implanted biomedical materials and in vitro cytotoxicity. The presence of various types of inflammatory cells and/or necrosis in rats implanted subcutaneously with a series of 42 alpha-amino acid copolymers and their esters was compared with their in vitro toxic effects, as determined by an agar overlay technique. Only necrosis appeared to correlate with reactions scored as strongly positive by tissue culture procedures. Future studies with slightly toxic materials should assess if tissue culture methods could be helpful in predicting other levels of reaction at the polymer-tissue interface.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1977

Psychiatric illness and non-cancer hysterectomy.

Forty-nine randomly selected women who received hysterectomy for reasons other than cancer were studied preoperatively with systematic interviews and record reviews, and were diagnosed using the explicit criteria of Feighner, et al. Fifty-seven percent were found to be psychiatrically ill, with 27% suffering from hysteria (Briquet's Syndrome), and 18% from primary depression. Recently some investigators have attributed a "post-hysterectomy syndrome" characterized by multiple psychologic and somatic symptoms to the surgery itself. However, a high pre-operative prevalence of psychiatric illness, particularly hysteria, must be considered when evaluating symptoms in a post-hysterectomy population.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

MMPI delineation of a subgroup of depressed patients refractory to lithium carbonate therapy.

The authors found that in a sample of 26 severely depressed hospitalized patients, 5 patients with low depression and psychasthenia profiles on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory did not show an antidepressant response to lithium carbonate. Seventeen of 21 depressed patients with high depression and psychasthenia profiles did respond to the antidepressant effects of the drug. They tentatively conclue that by using the MMPI it is possible to delineate a subgroup of depressed patients who are refractory to lithium carbonate therapy.

Antidepressive Agents↗