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Biomedical subjects

R L Doherty

Publications and source records attributed to R L Doherty.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1987

William C. Reeves and arbovirus research in Australia.

William C. Reeves was invited to Australia in 1952 to take part in field studies of Murray Valley encephalitis. The results of his work led to various hypotheses which directed arbovirus research in Australia for a generation. That and the people he influenced in Australia made him a major figure in the development of Australian arbovirus research.

Arboviruses↗
PubMed1985

Institute evolving.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed1985

The isolation of arboviruses including a new flavivirus and a new Bunyavirus from Ixodes (Ceratixodes) uriae (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae) collected at Macquarie Island, Australia, 1975-1979.

Pools of ticks, Ixodes (Ceratixodes) uriae collected between 1975 and 1979 at Macquarie Island, yielded 33 strains of at least 4 different viruses: Nugget virus (Kemerovo group), 1 strain; Taggert virus (Sakhalin group) 9 strains; a previously undescribed flavivirus, related to Central European Tickborne encephalitis virus, for which the name "Gadgets Gully" is proposed, 9 strains; a virus serologically related to the Uukuniemi serogroup, family Bunyaviridae, for which the name "Precarious Point" is proposed, 10 strains. Three isolates were mixtures of Nugget and Gadgets Gully viruses; the remaining virus strain remains unidentified.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Isolation of virus strains from mosquitoes collected in Queensland, 1972-1976.

171,348 mosquitoes and 4,353 other arthropods collected at three centres in Queensland in 1972-1976 yielded 151 strains of 18 viruses. Culex annulirostris was the major source of virus isolation but 42 strains from Aedes normanensis indicate it to be a vector of importance. Ross River and Kokobera viruses were isolated at Kowanyama in the dry season, a finding of interest as being compatible with year-round survival in vector-vertebrate cycles. Culex fatigans has in part replaced Culex annulirostris in peridomestic breeding sites at Kowanyama; the infrequency of virus isolation from it suggests that this replacement may lower arbovirus infection rates. Twelve strains were identified as viruses antigenically distinct from any previously isolated in Australia or New Guinea: Ch16129, showed by the International Reference Centre for Arboviruses to be a previously undescribed member of the Simbu Group (Facey's Paddock virus), Ch16313 (Murweh), Ch19520 (Parker's Farm) and Ch19546 (little Sussex). The remaining strains were identified as viruses previously known in Australia, but included many new host or geographical records.

Aedes↗
PubMed1977

Antibody to togaviruses in the Northern Territory and adjoining areas of Australia.

Antibody to flaviviruses Murray Valley encephalitis (MVE) and Kunjin and to alphaviruses Ross River and Sindbis were found in many Aboriginal children and adults bled in central Australia in 1974 after several cases of MVE occurred there as part of a widespread epidemic. Antibody was also detected in sera taken in the period 1968 to 1973, but in a much lower proportion, suggesting both that the 1974 epidemic had caused frequent sub-clinical infection and that infection had occurred in the arid centre of Australia outside years of known togavirus activity. Evidence of frequent togavirus infection was found in sera from various species from monsoonal northern areas of Northern Territory and Western Australia, compatible with previous suggestions that togaviruses are enzootic or frequently epizootic in those areas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Isolation of Sindbis (alphavirus) and Leanyer viruses from mosquitoes collected in the Northern Territory of Australia, 1974.

Mosquitoes collected near Darwin, Northern Territory, in 1974 yielded two virus strains. One was identified as Sindbis virus, not previously isolated from the Northern Territory. The other is antigenically distinct from viruses previously isolated from arthropods in Australia, and the name "Leanyer" is proposed for it. Its properties suggest that it may be a togavirus serologically unrelated to available alphaviruses and flaviviruses.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

The isolation of Saumarez Reef virus, a new flavivirus, from bird ticks Ornithodoros capensis and Ixodes eudyptidis in Australia.

Strains of a new flavivirus, for which the name Saumarez Reef Virus is proposed, were isolated from seabird ticks collected from four localities. Two strains were isolated from ticks of the species Ornithodoros capensis Neumann 1901 collected from the nests of Sooty Terns, Sterna fuscata Linnaeus 1766 on coral cays off the east coast of Queensland, Australia. The other three strains were isolated from ticks of the species Ixodes eudyptidis Maskell 1885 taken from two dead Silver Gulls Larus novaehollandiae Stephens 1826 in northern Tasmania. The new virus was compared serologically with 50 other flaviviruses at the Yale Arbovirus Research Unit and was found to be most closely related to Tyuleniy virus.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Murray Valley encephalitis virus infection in mosquitoes and domestic fowls in Queensland, 1974.

Field studies during an epidemic of Murray Valley encephalitis (MVE) led to the isolation of MVE virus from a pool of mosquitoes (Culex annulirostris) and a sentinel chicken from Charleville, south-west Queensland. A high proportion of domestic fowls at Charleville had antibody to MVE virus at the beginning of February 1974, in advance of the first case recognized in Queensland and allowing early warning from health authorities. A survey of antibody in domestic fowls in mid-1974 suggested widespread activity of MVE virus in western and east-central Queensland. Virus isolation and serological studies showed activity in south-west Queensland of three other viruses known to infect man, Ross River, Sindbis and Kunjin viruses.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Murray Valley encephalitis in Australia, 1974: antibody response in cases and community.

Fifty-three patients accepted on clinical grounds as cases of Murray Valley encephalitis (MVE) in Australia in 1974 were examined for antibody to MVE virus. Only one (who died early in the disease and whose diagnosis was confirmed by virus isolation) did not develop antibody; 13 patients showed stationary or single convalescent titres not diagnostic of recent infection, but other evidence that infection was recent was obtained in eight; 39 showed significant rise or fall in titre confirming recent infection. Haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) was more effective in establishing a diagnosis than complement-fixation (CF) although both tests were of value. Patients varied widely in timing and magnitude of rise and fall of titre. Two showed late rises in antibody titre which raises the possibility of recrudescent persisting infection. CF titres were enhanced in some sera by increase in the number of units of antigen used and by inactivation at 56 degrees C rather than 60 degrees C. Five patients with clinically-acceptable diagnoses of MVE (and one with minor illness) showed higher HI titres to Kunjin than to MVE virus. The results in several cases suggest that Kunjin virus was the infecting agent. In others it is possible that MVE infection had occurred in patients with pre-existing Kunjin antibody. HI reactivity to MVE virus was found in IgM fractions of sera taken for at least 40 days and in some cases for over 100 days after onset of symptoms. IgM fractions gave similar titres to MVE and Alfuy virus but clearly distinguished MVE-Alfuy and Kunjin viruses. HI antibody to MVE virus was found in about 10% of sera from family contacts or neighbours of patients with encephalitis, and in a similar proportion of patients in Victoria with various febrile illnesses not accepted as MVE. One patient with minor illness had antibody response to Kunjin virus. 2589 sera from pathology laboratories in towns in the Murray Valley gave additional evidence of community immunity to flaviviruses and suggested some increase in the proportion reactive between January and May 1974. HI and plaque reduction tests on these sera also gave evidence of antibody to Kunjin virus in the Murray Valley.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Epidemic polyarthritis: a cytological, virological and immunochemical study.

A patient with epidemic polyarthritis was studied within 48 hours of onset when specific serum antibodies were still low. The synovial fluid showed a fall in hyaluronic acid level and rise in protein levels though the immune globulins, and especially IgM, rose to a lesser degree and remained well below the levels in the serum. Attempts to grow virus from synovial fluid or blood lymphocytes failed despite the use of several new techniques. The complement components C'3 and C'4 were not depleted in serum or synovial fluid. The synovial fluid was devoid of neutrophil leucocytes, and contained predominantly monocytes and macrophages which were remarkable for mitotic and for enhanced and indiscriminate phagocytic activity. From this and other evidence, an explanation is proposed for the cytological response and difficulties in recovering infective virions in virus-induced arthritis. No virus antigen was detected in the supernatant synovial fluid and electron microscopy showed virus-like particles only in cytolysosomes.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Isolation of arboviruses (Kemerovo group, Sakhalin group) from Ixodes uriae collected at Macquarie Island, Southern ocean.

Eighty-nine pools of ticks (Ixodes [Ceratixodes] uriae White) collected at Macquarie Island (54 degrees 30' S, 159 degrees E) in the Southern Ocean yielded 16 strains of 2 viruses, 1 a "new" member of the Kemerovo group and 1 a "new" member of the Sakhalin group. The names "Nugget" and "Taggert" are proposed for them. Antigenically-related viruses have therefore now been isolated from I. uriae in both subarctic and subantarctic regions.

Animals↗