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Biomedical subjects

R L Baron

Publications and source records attributed to R L Baron.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Ectopic embryo detection using real-time sonography.

An analysis of the sonograms of 60 patients with a surgically confirmed diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy was performed. In 36 examinations, both real-time and static images were compared, and real-time was judged superior in 22 based on a correlation between the original report and surgical pathology. The appearance of the endometrial canal and the adnexa was characterized in a total of 65 scans. The endometrial canal appearance was variable, with the most common finding being a linear echo (39%). The adnexal changes were less diverse, with an adnexal ring suggestive of an extrauterine gestational sac identified in 60%. In 10 cases, the adnexal ring contained a distinct fetus with a measurable crown-rump length, and cardiac activity was evident in six. Our results indicate that real-time ultrasound coupled with serum beta-hCG RIA should be the procedure of choice when ectopic pregnancy is suspected.

Adnexa Uteri↗
PubMed1985

Computed tomography findings in clinically normal and abnormal thyroid patients.

Fifty normal volunteers had unenhanced thyroid computed tomography scans. A range of normal computed tomography densities and volumes was established for each age group. Pre- and postcontrast scans were done on 47 abnormal patients with hemorrhagic cysts, multinodular goiter, thyroiditis, papillary carcinoma, and benign adenomas. The computed tomography characteristics of each of the pathologic groups was noted for both the abnormal areas and the uninvolved part of the gland. Preliminary observations of the computed tomography characteristics of each abnormality are discussed.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1983

Computed tomographic features of biliary obstruction.

A retrospective review of CT scans in 69 consecutive patients with proven biliary obstruction due to both malignant and benign causes was performed to define and differentiate CT changes. Abrupt termination of a dilated extrahepatic biliary duct was characteristic of a malignant process in the absence of a mass. Gradual tapering of a dilated duct was specific for benign disease. Other findings, such as degree of intra- or extrahepatic duct dilatation and presence or absence of a dilated pancreatic duct were not reliable in distinguishing benign from malignant causes. The authors also found CT to be accurate in detecting common duct stones with a sensitivity exceeding 80%.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Computed tomography of the normal thymus.

Recognition of variations in size, shape, and density of the normal thymus on computed tomographic (CT) scans is of paramount importance, lest it be misinterpreted as an abnormal mediastinal mass. Studying patients subsequently proved free of active chest disease, we analyzed 154 CT scans of the mediastinum, performed on a fourth-generation scanner, to determine the incidence of visualization and appearance of the normal thymus. The thymus was seen in 100% of patients under age 30, 73% of patients between 30 and 49 years, and in 17% of patients over 49 years of age. The thickness of the thymus showed a definite decrease in size with increasing age; although the width showed a similar general tendency, a wide variation was noted within each age group. In younger patients, the density of the thymus was similar to that of muscle; the attenuation values progressively decreased in older patients, finally approaching that of fat.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Computed tomography of the abnormal thymus.

Computed tomography (CT) should be the imaging method of choice following plain chest radiographs when a suspected thymic abnormality requires further evaluation. Based upon a six-year experience, including the evaluation of 25 patients with thymic pathology, CT was found useful in suggesting or excluding a diagnosis of thymoma and in distinguishing thymic hyperplasia from thymoma in patients with myasthenia gravis. The thickness of the thymic lobes determined by CT was found to be a more accurate indicator of infiltrative disease (thymic hyperplasia and lymphoma) than the width. CT was helpful in differentiating benign thymic cysts from solid tumors, and in defining the extent of a thymic neoplasm. On occasion, CT may suggest the specific histologic nature of a thymic lesion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Barium examination of the esophagus after total laryngectomy.

Barium examination of the esophagus is often useful for evaluating the cause of dysphagia, a frequent condition in patients who have undergone total laryngectomy. The examination may be difficult to interpret, however, because a variety of anatomic changes may be produced by radiation, infection, fistula, recurrent tumor, or the operation itself. Radiographic and clinical information on 45 total-laryngectomy patients, whose follow-up periods ranged from six months to 17 years, were analyzed. A recurrent tumor was found in 15 patients and was evident radiographically as a mass deviating the neopharynx in 14. Benign strictures in 14 patients appeared either as a long symmetrical narrowing or as a very short, weblike narrowing. Fistulas were demonstrated in 13 patients and presaged the development of recurrent tumors in five. Cricopharyngeal muscular dysfunction accounted for dysphagia in five cases. An understanding of these patterns leads to more accurate interpretation of the postoperative barium examination of the esophagus, and the radiographic findings often indicate the correct diagnosis with a high degree of confidence.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Computed tomography of transitional-cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis and ureter.

Preoperative staging of transitional-cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract is important for identification of those tumors amenable to limited resection. Twenty-two patients were examined using computed tomography (CT), and three patterns were noted: (a) a focal intraluminal mass, (b) ureteral wall thickening with luminal narrowing, and (c) an infiltrating mass. In most cases, attenuation was similar to that of soft tissue; one tumor was calcified. Tumors of the renal pelvis may exhibit contrast enhancement. In 11 cases, excretory urography was inadequate or not attempted. CT demonstrated the site and cause of obstruction in all cases and proved to be a useful noninvasive staging procedure for suspected or proved transitional-cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

A prospective comparison of the evaluation of biliary obstruction using computed tomography and ultrasonography.

A total of 103 consecutive patients with suspected biliary obstruction were studied using both computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound (US) to evaluate the relative accuracy of the methods. In 47 patients with confirmed obstruction, CT and US were comparable accurate in differentiating obstruction from nonobstruction. The precise level of obstruction was identified by CT in 88% and by US in 60%; the cause of obstruction was accurately predicted by CT in 70% and by US in 38%. Both methods detected useful additional information, such as cholelithiasis or retroperitoneal adenopathy. The authors use US as a screening examination; if there is doubt about the level and cause of sonographically demonstrated obstruction, CT has proved to be an accurate means of further evaluation.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Computed tomography in the preoperative evaluation of bronchogenic carcinoma.

Preoperative determination of the extent of bronchogenic carcinoma at presentation was assessed by CT using a 4th generation scanner with a 3-second scan time in 98 patients whose disease was later surgically staged. Prospective CT interpretations correctly staged 33 of 35 (94%) resectable lesions, and disease in 41 of 45 (91%) patients who had lesions that were not resectable for cure. No definite opinion was rendered on the scans of the remaining 18 patients. Retrospectively analysis using slightly modified criteria resulted in a correct prediction of resectability in 28 of 30 (93%) patients (scans showed a normal mediastinum with no lymph node larger than 1 cm in diameter), and nonresectability for cure in 34 of 34 (100%) patients (scans showed either direct extension of the primary neoplasm into the mediastinum or mediastinal lymph-node enlargement greater than 2 cm in diameter). However, scans of 34 of 98 (35%) patients showed inconclusive findings (mediastinal lymph-nodes with 1-cm to 2-cm diameters, neoplasms abutting but not definitely invading the mediastinum, pleural or pericardial thickening, or additional noncalcified nodules).

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Biochemical features of urinothorax.

In three patients with obstructive uropathy and retroperitoneal urine collections, rapidly accumulating pleural effusions developed. The diagnosis of urinothorax was confirmed when chemical analysis of pleural fluid disclosed higher creatinine concentrations than found in simultaneously obtained serum samples. Similar determinations made in 71 specimens from control patients with pleural effusions showed that pleural creatinine concentration did not exceed the serum level in other conditions. We conclude that elevated pleural fluid creatinine level is specific for the diagnosis of urinothorax. Low pleural fluid glucose concentration may also be seen in these patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Computed tomography in the evaluation of mediastinal widening.

Computed tomography was employed in 71 patients to assess a widened mediastinum detected on plain chest radiography. In 92% of the patients, CT correctly identified normal variants, sift-tissue density masses or vascular abnormalities as the cause of mediastinal widening. In 8% of the scans, all performed early in our experience, CT diagnosis was indeterminate (4%) or incorrect (4%). In 58% of the cases, a specific and correct CT diagnosis was made, which obviated further and more invasive diagnostic evaluation. CT scanning can differentiate vascular from avascular causes of mediastinal widening, and provide a specific and conclusive diagnosis in many instances. Invasive diagnostic procedures should be reserved for the few cases in which CT is indeterminate or additional preoperative information is required.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Can real-time ultrasonography replace static B-scanning in the diagnosis of renal obstruction?

Two hundred consecutive patients were evaluated for renal obstruction using both static B-scanning and high resolution real-time scanning. The overall diagnostic accuracy was 93% for the static B-scanner and 94% for the real-time unit, with a false positive diagnostic rate of 8% for each. Because of its greater flexibility and shorter scanning time, real-time can replace static B-scanning in the diagnosis of renal obstruction. It has also become the preferred method of guidance for interventional uroradiological procedures. The pitfalls of real-time scanning in evaluating renal obstruction are also discussed.

False Negative Reactions↗