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Biomedical subjects

R L Anderson

Publications and source records attributed to R L Anderson.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Survival and growth of Tanytarsus dissimilis (Chironomidae) exposed to copper, cadmium, zinc, and lead.

Tanytarsus dissimilis (Johannsen) was exposed to four heavy metals. Static exposure began during embryogenesis and continued through hatching and larval development to the 2nd or 3rd instar. The LD50 concentrations for cadmium, copper, and zinc were 3.8, 16.3, and 36.8 microgram/l, respectively. The LC50 for lead was 258 microgram/l. Growth was not reduced at exposure concentrations less than the LC50. The LC50 concentrations obtained in this insect exposure are as much as 1,600 times lower than other insect exposures reported in the literature. This is probably due to a combination of exposure of this insect during important life cycle events and species-specificity.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Continuous in vitro culture of human T lymphocytes.

A method for continuous culture of human T lymphocytes by stimulation with irradiated lymphocytes, lymphoblastoid cells, and phytohaemagglutinin is described. Cultures can be maintained for at least 9 months. Growth appears to be dependent on a soluble factor released by lymphocytes when they are stimulated with lymphoblastoid cells and phytohaemagglutinin.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1980

Epidemic neonatal gentamicin-methicillin--resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection associated with nonspecific topical use of gentamicin.

One hundred sixteen infants in an intensive care nursery acquired Staphylococcus aureus resistant to gentamicin and methicillin; 54 patients acquired S. aureus sensitive to gentamicin and methicillin. Topical application of gentamicin ointment was significantly associated with acquisition of GMRS. Of 78 infants who acquired GMRS, 38 had received GmO before GMRS was first cultured, whereas only one of 49 infants with GMSS had previously received GmO (P = 8.6 X 10(-8)). Infants with GMRS were also more likely than patients with GMSS to have had a lower mean birth weight, Apgar score, and gestational age; systemic antibiotic therapy and incubator care were significantly prolonged for patients with GMRS, but these factors did not explain susceptibility to GMRS infection. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that use of GmO was the single most important risk factor.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1980

Phospholine iodide toxicity and Jones' tubes.

A 72-year-old man with epiphora secondary to bilateral canalicular stenosis resulting from long-term treatment with 0.125% to 0.25% echothiophate iodide (phospholine iodide) drops for glaucoma underwent bilateral conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomies with Jones' tubes. Within days after undergoing this surgery, he experienced severe unexplained diarrhea, fatigue, weight loss, and prostration. He cancelled his postoperative ophthalmic appointment because of "medical illness." He required admission to his local hospital where extensive studies were done in an attempt to establish the cause of this life-threatening condition. After stopping the echothiophate iodide drops, all symptoms disappeared within two days. Drug toxicity is a previously unreported complication of conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy, and this case demonstrates that topical medications have enhanced systemic absorption after lacrimal surgery with placement of fistulizing prosthetic devices. One must be aware of this possible complication, not only with long-acting anticholinesterases, but with topical sympathomimetic drugs (especially in cardiac patients) as well as cycloplegic agents in children.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Bilateral visual loss after blepharoplasty.

Blindness following blepharoplasty is a well-documented complication. Removal of orbital fat is common to most cases in which such blindness occurs. We present a patient who was referred to us following blepharoplasty involving orbital fat removal in all four lids with subsequent onset of bilateral visual loss. Visual acuity in the right eye has remained no light perception and in the left eye improved from 20/400 to 20/20 following bilateral orbital decompression. An electroretinogram was within normal limits in both eyes. A normal response from the visual evoked response in the left eye and an abnormal response from the visual evoked response in the right eye indicate ganglion cell damage or visual pathway disruption in the right eye, probably secondary to optic nerve ischemia. We conclude that the small nutrient vessels to the optic nerve are more easily compromised than the central retinal artery and are responsible for the visual loss in many of these cases. We believe this to be the first documented case of bilateral visual loss following blepharoplasty and the first electrophysiological study demonstrating the pathophysiology of blindness following blepharoplasty. We advocate rapid orbital decompression to treat this catastrophic complication.

Blindness↗
PubMed1980

Production of human IgM anti-D in tissue culture by EB-virus-transformed lymphocytes.

Lymphocytes obtained from two donors who were producing anti-D were transformed with Epstein-Barr virus and grown in tissue culture. The lymphoblasts from both donors produced anti-D antibody, which agglutinated Rh-positive cells in saline. Both antibodies belonged to the IgM class; the concentration of anti-D in the culture fluid from one of the donors was approximately 250--500 ng/ml and bound firmly to Rh-positive cells with a functional affinity constant of approximately 1 x 10(9) M-1.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1980

Nosocomial bacteriuria: a prospective study of case clustering and antimicrobial resistance.

To investigate the role of cross-infection in nonepidemic nosocomial bacteriuria in a large, university-affiliated hospital, we identified in adult patients admitted over an 11-week period all cases caused by organisms of the same genus, species, and antimicrobial susceptibility and clustered by date of onset and hospital ward. Further laboratory studies were conducted to verify clustering. Among the 3452 patients studied, 194 cases of nosocomial bacteriuria were identified; 49 appeared clustered by epidemiologic evidence. Additional laboratory tests verified clustering in 30 cases (15.5%). We found that 90% of clustered and 76% of nonclustered cases had had previous urinary catheterization; Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, and Citrobacter freundii often caused clustered infection while Escherichia coli predominated in nonclustered cases; and resistance to gentamicin, sulfathiazole, and carbenicillin was significantly greater for pathogens from clustered cases than for nonclustered ones. This increased resistance emphasizes the need to prevent cross-infection, even in the absence of epidemics.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1980

Preserved irradiated homolgous cartilage for orbital reconstruction.

Human costal cartilage is an excellent implant material for orbital and periorbital reconstruction because of its light weight, strength, homogeneous consistency and the ease with which it can be carved. Its use has been limited by the necessity of a separate surgical procedure to obtain the material. Preserved irradiated homologous cartilage has been shown to have almost all the autogenous cartilage and is concenient to use. Preserved irradiated homologous cartilage transplants do not elicit rejection reactions, resist infection and rarely undergo absorption.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Medial ectropion. A new technique.

Medial ectropion of the lower lid responds poorly to standard ectropion procedures. This region contains the initial parts of the nasolacrimal excretory system, which must be functionally reestablished. A new surgical approach to medial ectropion consists of a Z-plasty transposition skin flap from the upper to the lower lid, a plication of the lower crus of the medial canthal tendon, and a punctoplasty. The posterior and superior contraction forces in the transposition flap enhance and maintain the result. Seven lids have been successfully operated on with this technique from the functional and cosmetic point of view.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

The role of Whitnall's ligament in ptosis surgery.

Whitnall's ligament has been described functionally as a check ligament of the levator. Our anatomic dissections and operative findings indicate that this ligament is primarily a support for the upper eyelid and superior orbit. Whitnall's ligament is frequently confused with the levator horns and is unfortunately cut during many ptosis procedures. This is to be avoided because much larger levator resections are required when this ligament's support to the upper lid and the fulcrum effect for the levator are lost. Preserving and enhancing the function of Whitnall's ligament improves the efficiency of the levator, making large levator resections rarely necessary. We have noted no more lid lag than that seen with other forms of levator surgery.

Blepharoptosis↗
PubMed1979

Aponeurotic ptosis surgery.

The recognition of defects in the levator aponeurosis associated with a renewed interest in eyelid anatomy has led to a revival of aponeurotic surgery. We describe our approach with emphasis on techniques that help obtain and maintain avascular planes throughout surgery. The advantages of this approach include preservation of (1) tear-producing structures, (2) Müller's muscle and Whitnall's ligament, and (3) normal anatomical planes and structures of the eyelid. Our results indicate that this technique is the procedure of choice for acquired ptosis cases. It also gives good results in congenital ptosis cases with at least 5 mm of function. Overcorrection at surgery is necessary in all cases. Tucking of the aponeurosis is to be avoided as no raw healing surfaces are obtained. Results in 60 eyelids with a minimum follow-up of one year are presented.

Blepharoptosis↗