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Biomedical subjects

R L Anderson

Publications and source records attributed to R L Anderson.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Inhibition of human antigen-specific T cell proliferation by anti-T blast sera.

Two antisera, one raised against activated human T lymphoblasts and one raised against the human T cell line HPB-ALL, have the ability to inhibit antigen-induced T cell proliferation. Antiproliferative activity is absorbed by T blasts and HPB-ALL cells, but not by B lymphoblastoid cell lines, alpha-ethylisothiouronium bromide-treated sheep red blood cell (AET-SRBC) receptor-negative lymphoid cells, or the T cell lines MOLT-4 and HSB. The effects of these antisera do not require the presence of complement and are not attributable to toxicity during culture. The F(ab')2 fragment of anti-T blast antiserum is also active.

Absorption↗
PubMed1982

Carpeting in hospitals: an epidemiological evaluation.

Epidemiological and microbiological studies were conducted in a hospital room with carpet (CR) and in one with carpet (NCR). Microbiological profiles were determined with specimens obtained from patients admitted to these rooms. Patient records were reviewed to note infection status and other case identities. Eleven-millimeter cylindrical core samples of carpet were obtained, and swab template techniques were used on the bare floor for subsequent enumeration and identification of contaminating microorganisms. In each sampling period, higher microbial counts per square inch (1 in(2) = ca 6.452 cm(2)) were measured for the carpet than for the bare floor. Recovery rates of Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli were higher from carpet samples than from bare floor samples. Typable organisms (such as E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus) obtained from patients were also more frequently recovered from the carpet than from the bare flooring. Patients who stayed in the CR were shown to be colonized with the same types of organisms as those initially recovered from the carpet. However, no statistically significant differences were found in patients in the CR versus NCR in colonization with all typable and nontypable organisms first found on the floor. Disease in patients was found not to be associated with organisms found as contaminants of the carpet or the bare floor. Air above carpeting contained more consistent concentrations of organisms than air above the bare flooring.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMed1982

Increased bactericidal activity of dilute preparations of povidone-iodine solutions.

Recent confirmation of intrinsic bacterial contamination of 10% povidone-iodine solution has raised questions regarding the bactericidal mechanism of iodophors and the possibility for survival of vegetative bacterial cells in iodophor solutions. In this laboratory investigation, five different species were exposed to various dilutions of three commercial preparations of 10% povidone-iodine solution; survival was assessed after exposure for time periods varying between 0 and 8 min. All brands of povidone-iodine solution tested demonstrated more rapid killing of Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium chelonei at dilutions of 1:2, 1:4, 1:10, 1:50, and 1:100 than did the stock solutions, S. aureus survived a 2-min exposure to full-strength povidone-iodine solution but did not survive a 15-s exposure to a 1:100 dilution of the iodophor. Both stock and dilute preparations of 10% povidone-iodine solution demonstrated rapid bactericidal action against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas cepacia, and Streptococcus mitis.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1982

Pseudomonas cepacia peritonitis associated with contamination of automatic peritoneal dialysis machines.

During a 3-month period, Pseudomonas cepacia was recovered from the peritoneal fluid of 10 patients having chronic dialysis therapy at a peritoneal dialysis center. Six patients developed clinical evidence of peritonitis; one patient developed septicemia. Epidemiologic studies showed that dialysis on specific peritoneal dialysis machines was associated with an increased risk of infection. Laboratory investigation showed contamination of two machines with P. cepacia. Inadequacies in the cleaning and disinfection practices of the automatic peritoneal dialysis machines were identified. Cross-contamination between machines probably occurred through the peritoneal fluid discharge from infected patients during dialysis. Also, the intermittent 2-hour exposure of the machine to 2% formaldehyde may have been inadequate. P. cepacia has not been isolated from the peritoneal fluid of any peritoneal dialysis patient after machine cleaning and disinfection practices were altered.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Vaginal colonization with Staphylococcus aureus in healthy women: a review of four studies.

Four studies assessed the frequency of vaginal Staphylococcus aureus colonization in healthy women and associated risk factors. An association was found between S. aureus vaginal colonization and colonization at the labia minora and the anterior nares. Significant risk factors associated with an increased risk of vaginal S. aureus in at least one study were a history of genital herpes simplex infection, insertion of tampons without an applicator, and the use of Rely (Procter & Gamble) tampons. The use of systemic antibiotics within 2 weeks of the vaginal culture decreased the risk of recovery of S. aureus. The overall frequency of vaginal S. aureus in the 808 women in the four studies was 9.2%.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1982

In-vitro studies of interactions between tampons and Staphylococcus aureus.

In-vitro studies were done to investigate the role of tampons and Staphylococcus aureus in toxic shock syndrome. Tampons did not enhance the growth of S. aureus in nutrient broth or human blood. Intrinsic contamination of tampons with S. aureus was not found among the 504 tampons cultured (95% confidence limits of fraction contaminated; 0 to 0.007). Toxin-producing S. aureus persisted significantly longer on artificially contaminated Rely tampons (Procter & Gamble) than on the other brands tested. The proportion of clinical isolates of S. aureus capable of producing toxin increased from two of 36 in 1960 to eight of 20 in 1979 (p = 0.002, Fisher's exact test). This general increase in the proportion of toxin-producing strains may partially explain the increase in cases of toxic shock syndrome in recent years.

Bacillus↗
PubMed1982

Metastatic small cell carcinoma masquerading as orbital myositis.

A case of discrete metastases to an extraocular muscle from a silent small cell carcinoma is described. Clinically, diagnostically, and pathologically this masqueraded as orbital myositis. It was not until a full thickness muscle biopsy was obtained that the diagnosis was realized. The need for deep biopsy is stressed. Discrete metastases to an extraocular muscle without other orbital soft tissue involvement is rarely reported. This is the first reported case from a small cell primary tumor. Metastatic orbital disease is discussed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Techniques in eyelid wound closure.

While one of the most basic techniques in eyelid surgery is the repair of an eyelid defect that involves the margin, many eyelid defects are still poorly repaired; and much confusion still exists in this area. Based upon sound anatomic and surgical principles, we suggest several modifications of classically described techniques: (1) The greyline suture is replaced by a tarsal suture through the meibomian gland orifices to provide a stronger closure and better alignment. (2) All tension of closure is supported by the deep tarsal sutures rather than by the margin sutures to avoid notch formation or unsightly scars. (3) A two-layered closure where orbicularis and tarsus is closed in a single layer is technically easier and gives results comparable to the classically taught three-layered closure. Conjunctival sutures in the tarsal portion of the eyelid are unnecessary and frequently cause corneal irritation. (4) When lid resection is performed, a pentagonal excision rather than a "V" or wedge resection should be used to minimize tension on the margin when closed. We present in an illustrated step-by-step fashion our preferred technique which gives consistently good results.

Basal Cell Carcinoma↗
PubMed1982

The management of meibomian gland carcinoma.

We present nine cases of sebaceous adenocarcinoma seen on the Oculoplastic Service at the University of Iowa over the past five years. It is essential to make the biopsy-proven diagnosis of meibomian gland adenocarcinoma promptly, using multiple full thickness eyelid biopsies. We recommend the Mohs' fresh-frozen technique in patients with surgically resectable lesions, exenteration in those with orbital extension, and radical neck dissection for cases with nodal involvement. Radiotherapy may be indicated in patients with extensive tumors who cannot tolerate or refuse surgery or as an adjunct to surgery in others.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Bilateral Candida albicans dacryocystitis with facial cellulitis.

Candida albicans rarely infects the lacrimal drainage system. This paper describes a case of bilateral C. albicans dacryocystitis following midfacial trauma. The patient presented with recurrent facial cellulitis and a fistula opening onto the cheek. The condition was controlled only after bilateral dacryocystorhinostomy along with amphotericin B therapy. This appears to be the first reported case in which the lacrimal sacs acted as a reservoir for microorganisms causing recurrent facial cellulitis.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Thermotolerance: a review of observations and possible mechanisms.

The effects of hyperthermia on the response of cells and tissues to subsequent heating given alone or in combination with X-rays or drugs are considered. Two types of such induced thermotolerance are described: Type I results from continuous heating at temperatures below about 43 degrees C; type II results from a prior heating at a higher temperature, with subsequent incubation at about 37 degrees C. The time courses of the various types of thermotolerance are considered in relation to the magnitude of the priming treatment and whether the test is hyperthermia alone or in combination with X-rays or drugs. Reference is made to in vivo results wherever possible as well as to in vitro data. Factors which influence the development of thermotolerance are discussed, and some tentative hypotheses are made concerning the mechanisms leading to the phenomenon.

Acclimatization↗