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Biomedical subjects

R Krause

Publications and source records attributed to R Krause.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Interaction regulations used by schizophrenic and psychosomatic patients: studies on facial behavior in dyadic interactions.

This paper is part of an extensive research project that is trying to examine transference and countertransference processes objectively. We have used a methodology that describes and analyzes interactive behavior patterns observed between different groups of patients with psychic disturbances and their interaction partners, who are uninformed about their problems. Thus far, we have completed several studies centered around the question of whether it is possible to identify specific interaction strategies in groups of patients of different nosological categories. Related to this question was the investigation of the specificity of the response patterns of their interaction partners. The patients consisted of stutterers (stuttering openly or not, Krause 1982a), schizophrenics (Krause et al. 1989), and psychosomatic patients (Sänger-Alt et al. 1989). This line of inquiry has rather severe consequences for the research strategies, which have been described elsewhere (Krause et al. 1989). In this paper, we will present for the first time a synopsis of patterns of facial behavior observed in different groups of patients and their healthy partners, and in healthy subjects interacting with each other.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[In-vitro rates of fertilization and culture to blastocyst stage of mouse oocytes following co-incubation of murine spermatozoa with Escherichia coli and Ureaplasma urealyticum].

Mouse-spermatozoa were released of the ductus deferens and coincubated with different strains of E. coli resp. U. urealyticum before inseminated with oocytes of superovulated female mice. Daily light microscopic observations of embryonic development took place. Coincubation of spermatozoa with bacteria concentration of 10(3) cfu/ml E. coli revealed no changes in fertilization or culture rates as compared to the uninfected control group. In the same way a coincubation with 10(6) cfu/ml had no influence on the fertilization rates in vitro, however the culture rates were considerably reduced. Only one strain of ureaplasma urealyticum effected after coincubation with spermatozoa a reduced fertilization rate, the embryonic development into blastocysts after in vitro fertilization of spermatozoa infected with ureaplasma urealyticum showed a marked reduction in all but two strains.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Facial expression of schizophrenic patients and their interaction partners.

In his earlier works, one of the present investigators attempted to show that psychologically disturbed persons may be characterized by their tendency to induce their social partners to reveal relatively stable and constant leitmotivs, inclinations to react, emotions and fantasies; hence, it should be possible to describe psychological illnesses by means of the patient's specific interaction strategies (Krause 1988; Krause and Lütolf 1988). We assume that this process of induction is neither deliberate nor self-reflective. Inductive modes of behavior are viewed as part of an unconscious process of problem solving--a process, however, which is unsuccessful, since it is no longer appropriate to the reality of the adult patient. The present paper is part of a more comprehensive research project, the object of which is to account for these kinds of interactive strategies.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The expression of primary affects in portraits drawn by schizophrenics.

In a psychiatric hospital setting, 15 patients under treatment for schizophrenia and 15 healthy persons were asked to draw (1) a human face, (2) another face that expressed their own feelings at that moment, and (3) afterward the facial expressions of rage, fear, disgust, joy, sadness and shame within a standardized egg-shaped face matrix. Both groups were matched for age, sex and education, and all drawings were coded independently. The schizophrenics drew fewer facial action units, and their facial drawings were more stereotyped than the control group's. Neutral faces without any affective expression were twice as frequent within the experimental group. According to Ekman and Friesen's table of emotion prediction, the accuracy was the same for both groups with the exception of sadness. Only 20% of the action units in the schizophrenics' sadness drawings were accurate compared to 51% in the control group. Based on observations during the drawing process, findings are discussed within the theoretical framework of cathexis defense as an attempt to reduce the impact of the affective stimuli the schizophrenics created themselves.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Displacement of the tibial tuberosity in retropatellar cartilage damage and recurrent patellar dislocation].

In our hospital in the years 1980 till 1986 37 displacements of the tuberositas tibiae were performed in chondropathia patellae and recurrent luxation of the patella. The follow-up examination took into consideration the radiological and clinical findings, the subjective complaints and the ability of going in for sports. These clinical experiences and pressure measurements in the femoro-patellar joint show the best results after the displacement of the tuberositas tibiae according to Blauth. Additionally we recommend an accurate indication for chondropathia patellae and recurrent luxation of the patella and accompanying surgical measures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Verbal interaction of schizophrenic patients and their conversational partners].

Verbal interactive behavior of 10 male patients diagnosed as schizophrenic, but not acutely psychotic, and of their non-schizophrenic ('normal') and non-informed dialogue-partners are studied in dialogical conversations about political problems. A control group of ten dyads of 'normal' dialogue partners is used for comparisons. Quantitative text-properties (number of words, pauses) as well as a reconstructive hermeneutic analysis of the dialogues reveal a lack of dialogical balance, less task-oriented productivity, and markedly more strained conversation in dyads with a schizophrenic conversand as compared to those of the control group. The schizophrenic conversands we have studied manifest various interactive strategies of withdrawing from active participation in the conversational task, delegating it instead to their respective 'normal' partners who in turn attempt to stimulate more active participation of them. Furthermore, occasional strange utterances occur in nearly all dyads with a schizophrenic and lead to disturbances in the flow of the conversation. We interpret these findings as manifestations of object-relations disturbances and of corresponding deviant modes of regulating personal distance in schizophrenics.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1988

Peliosis hepatis in a patient with marasmus.

Peliosis hepatitis is a rare disorder previously seen in tuberculosis and malignant disorders and now seen with anabolic steroid use or after renal transplantation. We report the first case of peliosis hepatis in a patient with marasmus and no previously reported predisposing condition. Of interest, the peliosis hepatis resolved rapidly (over 2-3 wk) as determined by computed tomography scan and the patient presented with a cholestatic enzyme pattern that resolved with development of the lesion.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Universals and cultural differences in the judgments of facial expressions of emotion.

We present here new evidence of cross-cultural agreement in the judgement of facial expression. Subjects in 10 cultures performed a more complex judgment task than has been used in previous cross-cultural studies. Instead of limiting the subjects to selecting only one emotion term for each expression, this task allowed them to indicate that multiple emotions were evident and the intensity of each emotion. Agreement was very high across cultures about which emotion was the most intense. The 10 cultures also agreed about the second most intense emotion signaled by an expression and about the relative intensity among expressions of the same emotion. However, cultural differences were found in judgments of the absolute level of emotional intensity.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Spinal evoked responses in the cat. A comparison of different recording techniques with regard to neuromonitoring.

Spinal evoked potentials to sciatic nerve stimulation were recorded with epidural electrodes over the dorsal columns. A comparison with potentials to dorsal column stimulation disclosed differences in the typical segmental variation in regard to wave form, amplitude, spinal conduction velocity and conduction time that could be important in neuromonitoring.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1987

Subcutaneous heparin injection in the upper arm as a method of avoiding lymphoceles after lymphadenectomies in the lower part of the body.

The authors have measured the concentration of biologically active heparin in the drainage fluid after ilioinguinal, pelvic and retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy. After s.c. heparin administration in the thighs high levels of heparin were found in the drainage fluid of all patients (up to 0.89 IU/ml). After s.c. heparin application in the upper arms, no measurable concentrations of heparin were detected. Lymph loss in these patients was considerably lower. According to this experience, subcutaneous application of heparin into the upper arms is to be recommended in patients who undergo lymphatic surgery of the lower part of the body.

Heparin↗
PubMed1985

Regulation of high density lipoprotein receptors in cultured macrophages: role of acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase.

The interaction of human serum high density lipoproteins (HDL) with mouse peritoneal macrophages and human blood monocytes was studied. Saturation curves for binding of apolipoprotein E-free [125I]HDL3 showed at least two components: non-specific binding and specific binding that saturated at approximately 40 micrograms HDL protein/ml. Scatchard analysis of specific binding of apo E-free [125I]-HDL3 to cultured macrophages yielded linear plots indicative of a single class of specific binding sites. Pretreatment of [125I]HDL3 with various apolipoprotein antibodies (anti apo A-I, anti apo A-II, anti apo C-II, anti apo C-III and anti apo E) and preincubation of the cells with anti-idiotype antibodies against apo A-I and apo A-II prior to the HDL binding studies revealed apolipoprotein A-I as the ligand involved in specific binding of HDL. Cellular cholesterol accumulation via incubation with acetylated LDL led to an increase in HDL binding sites as well as an increase in the activity of the cytoplasmic cholesterol esterifying enzyme acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT). Incubation of the cholesterol-loaded cells in the presence of various ACAT inhibitors (Sandoz 58.035, Octimibate-Nattermann, progesterone) revealed a time- and dose-dependent amplification in HDL binding and HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux. It is concluded that the homeostasis of cellular cholesterol in macrophages is regulated in part by the number of HDL binding sites and that ACAT inhibitors enhance HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux from peripheral cells.

Animals↗