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Biomedical subjects

R Kraft

Publications and source records attributed to R Kraft.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Exfoliative cytology after transurethral resection of superficial bladder tumours.

Fifty-one patients with predominantly superficial bladder tumours underwent prospective cytological examination at predetermined intervals following surgery in order to evaluate the prognostic reliability of bladder irrigation cytology. The results suggest that positive cytology 3 days after radical transurethral resection is a reliable indicator of incomplete resection or additional occult tumour foci. The implications for post-operative management and follow-up are discussed.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed1984

Prevention of recurrent superficial bladder tumors by oral etretinate: preliminary results of a randomized, double blind multicenter trial in Switzerland.

Retinoids influence the proliferation and differentiation of epithelial tissues. Preliminary results of a double-blind randomized trial in the prevention of recurrent superficial bladder tumors are promising. Patients treated with an oral etretinate tend to have less tumor recurrences and transurethral resections. The number of multifocal recurrences after 12 months of treatment is significantly lower (p less than 0.02). There also are less dropouts owing to inefficacy of treatment (p less than 0.036).

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1984

Morphometry of lymphoid organs in health and disease.

Structural modification of lymph nodes in bronchogenic carcinoma, thymus cortex as a function of age, area and form factors of lymphoid cell nuclei in lymphomas and of epithelioid cell nuclei in tuberculosis and sarcoidosis have been measured by means of test point and/or image semiautomated analyzer.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Organ-preserving surgery in renal cell carcinoma: tumor enucleation versus partial kidney resection.

Organ-preserving surgery is attempted in cases of small renal cell carcinoma, especially when such tumors occur bilaterally or in an anatomical or functional solitary kidney. It is still a matter of debate how much of the peritumoral renal tissue has to be removed for optimal cure rates. Enucleation of the neoplasm as well as partial nephrectomy have been advocated. The relation of renal cell carcinomas to their pseudocapsule and to the adjacent renal parenchyma was examined using microangiographic and histopathologic techniques. In a number of cases in our series a total or partial enucleation ex situ permitted an investigation of the enucleate and tumor bed. The pseudocapsule of all tumors was invaded by neoplastic cells and the surrounding renal parenchyma was often infiltrated by the carcinoma, even around some of the smallest tumors. Comparison of tumor vascularization with the histologic features led to the suggestion of a more aggressive behavior of renal cell carcinomas once they have exceeded a certain size. Thus, in contrast to larger carcinomas, tumors with a diameter of less than 6 cm most often show a radial vascular pattern and lack central necrosis. These parameters can be evaluated by noninvasive investigative techniques. Smaller tumors appear amenable to conservative surgical treatment; however, in view of our histopathologic findings, a sufficiently wide margin of adjacent renal parenchyma should always be removed with the tumor.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Early changes in lymphocyte traffic between distant lymph nodes following regional antigenic stimulation.

Regional labeling of mice by injection of cytidine-3H ([3H]CR) into the footpad of the left hind leg was used to evaluate lymphocyte traffic from the left regional nodes to the right popliteal lymph node (PLN) within a 24-h period, with or without concomitant primary or secondary stimulation of the right PLN with fluid tetanus toxoid. Results indicate that 1) in the case of primary antigen injection the relative contribution of lymphocytes from the left regional nodes to the small lymphocyte population present in the stimulated right PLN 24 h after labeling was slightly, but not significantly, greater than in non-stimulated controls; 2) a booster injection of antigen into the right hind leg footpad resulted in a significantly smaller relative contribution of lymphocytes from the previously primed left regional nodes to the small lymphocyte population in the right PLN, 24 h after injection of [3H]CR and secondary stimulation, as compared with controls or animals given a primary stimulation to the receiver node; and 3) in contrast to controls and mice subjected to primary stimulation only, the right PLN 24 h after booster contained a significant number of large lymphoid cells which, or whose precursors, had migrated to this site from contralateral nodes within a day, possibly also in the form of small lymphocytes. These findings are discussed in relation to the problem of lymphocyte recruitment and divergent behavior of non-committed lymphocytes as compared with memory cells in the initial phase after primary or secondary antigenic stimulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Doctor:patient communication in ophthalmic outpatient visits.

Interviews with 163 patients and the 19 ophthalmologists who examined them disclosed that patients considered an adequate explanation of diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis as the most important communication items in determining satisfaction with care. Ophthalmologists in private practice appeared to share this valuation, except that explaining the prognosis of an illness was not rated as highly. Resident ophthalmologists rated all explanatory items far less important than did their patients. Among items related to personalization of the encounter, ophthalmologists in private practice underrated the importance of dealing with the patient's concerns, while residents underrated familiarity, undivided attention, and encouragement. In spite of these differences, ophthalmologists apparently are sensitive to patient expectations, inasmuch as they received generally high ratings for their performance in each of the items that patients valued highly and poorer ratings for those items that were held less important.

Communication↗
PubMed1983

Distinct kinetic responses in vivo of cortical thymocytes of ageing mice to primary as compared to secondary peripheral antigenic stimulation.

We have studied cellular kinetic changes in the thymic cortex of ageing mice as a function of time after primary and secondary stimulation with aluminum phosphate adsorbed tetanus toxoid via the hind leg footpads. Absolute numbers of DNA synthesizing cortical thymocytes per cross-section of the thymus were computed from combined data obtained by planimetry, counts of cell density (cellularity) and assessment of the labelling index, 1 h after injection of (methyl-3H)-thymidine. The proliferative activity of these cells in the outer fourth of the thymic cortex reached a peak exceeding significantly control values by 45% 14 days after primary, but not secondary, peripheral antigenic stimulation. We conclude that the cortical thymocyte population responded in a distinct manner to the first immunization as opposed to the booster injection of the same antigen.

Aging↗
PubMed1982

[Fine needle puncture of prostatic cancer].

Before commencing treatment for prostatic cancer the diagnosis must be confirmed by microscopic examination of prostatic tissue. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy by an experienced clinician is as accurate as the more invasive Tru-cut or Vim-Silverman needle biopsies. It involves fewer complications such as hemorrhage or infection, and does not require anesthesia. From 1971 to 1981 we performed more than 2300 fine needle biopsies including 2209 in outpatients. Only 4 patients (0.18%) needed hospitalizing for severe complications. Where the clinical examination prompts suspicion of prostatic cancer and the first fine needle biopsy is negative, the procedure should be repeated. When repeated aspirations were performed only 4 (2%) false negative cytologies were found out of 195 patients in whom prostatic cancer was clinically evident and confirmed by either cytology or histology. False negative cytological results are usually due to sampling errors by the physician rather than interpretation by the cytologist. The histology was false negative in 11.5% of 200 cases and this was due to failure of transurethral resection to reach a focal carcinoma situated in the capsule or sphincter region. Identical histological and cytological grading was found in 66% of the 168 cases where both investigations were positive. If a difference of one grade was accepted, the concurrence is 99%. The results of fine needle biopsy depend on the skill of the clinician in obtaining the right sample, and especially on the experience of the cytologist in its interpretation.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1982

[Computer tomographic-directed fine needle aspiration biopsy of pelvic masses].

CT-aided fine needle biopsy was performed in 48 patients with pelvic space-occupying lesions demonstrated by computer tomography. Amongst 36 patients with malignant neoplasms, recurrences or metastases, malignant cells were found in 26 (72%). In six out of twelve patients suspected of having a pelvic abscess, fine needle puncture confirmed the diagnosis by providing positive bacteriological results. CT-aided puncture should be used in conjunction with computer tomography in order to clarify the aetiology of space-occupying lesions. The indication for CT-aided puncture is the presence of a pelvic space-occupying lesions which cannot be demarcated by sonography.

Abscess↗
PubMed1982

[Computer tomographic guided fine needle puncture of abdominal masses].

CT-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy was carried out in 177 patients with proven intra-, retro- or extraperitoneal lesions. This method verified the diagnosis in 89/132 cases (66%) with malignant neoplasia, metastases and recurrent malignant tumors. In 45 patients with benign or inflammatory lesions of the intra- and retroperitoneal space, fine-needle puncture showed a purulent liquid, inflammatory altered cell elements or a positive bacteriological result. The success of CT fine-needle puncture depends mainly on the examiner's experience, the exact localization of the needle, and careful handling of the cytological material. Fine-needle puncture should be applied simultaneously with CT when an undefined space-occupying lesion is present. Unsuccessful sonography is an indication for CT-guided fine-needle puncture.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1982

Involution patterns of the human thymus. I Size of the cortical area as a function of age.

Thymic tissue obtained at autopsy from 123 victims of sudden death, ranging from neonates to individuals older than 80 years and predominantly male, was studied with histometric techniques, i.e. a combination of test point analysis and planimetry on unit optical fields. The pattern of 'natural' age-dependent involution of the thymic cortex was examined using computerized mathematical models. The range of variations of results was greatest in children and young adults, followed by the very old, then the middle age group. In a first approximation, regression for thymic cortical volume in individuals older than 15 years corresponded better to a negative exponential than to a negative linear function of age. Best fits for the data suggest at least a two-component negative exponential function of age, with a steeper slope of the regression for individuals beyond the age of 30 years. Extrapolation on a log-normal plot of regression lines for thymic cortical involution points to near-zero values at an age range below the estimated maximum human life span, corresponding to the steepest slope of survival curves in Western Europe.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[The synthesis, analysis, stability and biotransformation of N-(3-methylphenyl)-N'-cyanobenzamidine and analogues (author's transl)].

The antivirally active N-(3-methylphenyl)-N'-cyanobenzamidine (1) and some of its analogues were synthetized by the reaction of the ethyl ester of N-cyanobenzimidic acid with the corresponding arylamines. The analytical profile of 1 and of some of its analogues, which is needed for stability and biotransformation studies, was established by means of the following techniques: solubility determination, TLC, UV, IR and MS. When 1 is heated with methanolic HCl and NaOH (0.5 mol/l) for 1 h, several hydrolysis products are formed: m-toluidine, benzoic acid, benzoic acid 3-toluidide, N-(3-methylphenyl)benzamidine, N-(3-methylphenyl)-N'-carboxamidobenzamidine, benzoylurea, However, 1 is fairly stable under physiological conditions so biotransformation studies are not affected. After oral application of 1 to rats, the 3-hydroxymethyl and the 3-methyl-5-hydroxy compound as well as its glucuronide and sulphate conjugate were detected in the urine. The faeces contained considerable amounts of unchanged 1 (incomplete absorption).

Amidines↗