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Biomedical subjects

R Kono

Publications and source records attributed to R Kono.

121 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1967

WHO collaborative study on the sero-epidemiology of rubella.

Under the auspices of WHO an investigation was made by 9 laboratories in different parts of the world on the distribution of rubella antibodies in girls and women of child-bearing age. In the first part of the study the objective was to determine the reliability and reproducibility of the tests employed. It was found that there were no significant differences in the variability of the titres obtained in different laboratories when the results were compared with those obtained by repeatedly testing the same sera in one laboratory.In the second part of the study sera were obtained from girls in schools and women attending clinics and health centres. They were not taken from random samples of the populations. In most of the studies the pattern of development of antibody was similar. About half the persons had antibody at 6-8 years of age and 80%-87% at 17-22 years of age, the percentage remaining relatively constant thereafter. The island populations of Trinidad and Jamaica and a rural area of Japan were, however, found to have significantly fewer women with antibodies than urban areas in Europe or the Americas.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Characteristics and variability of vertical phoria adaptation in normal adults.

We evaluated the characteristics of phoria adaptation for vertically induced retinal disparity. An adaptive change in the fusion-free ocular alignment, phoria adaptation, was measured with a computer-aided mirror haploscope at 10, 30, and 60 minutes after the start of wearing of a 3-prism-diopter base up prism by 35 normal subjects ranging in age from 21 to 67 years (mean: 37 years). The relationships between phoria adaptation and the subjects' age, the vertical fusional amplitude, the amount of heterophoria, and the starting time of the examination were evaluated. All subjects showed phoria adaptation, with the mean (+/- SD) degree of 0.78 +/- 0.28 degree, 0.96 +/- 0.26 degree and 1.02 +/- 0.30 degrees at 10, 30, and 60 minutes, respectively, after wearing the prism. The repeatability (95% confidence interval) for the measurements was less than +/- 0.24 degree. There was a significant correlation between the vertical fusional amplitude and the gain of phoria adaptation (at 10 and 60 minutes, P < 0.05). The gain of phoria adaptation measured at 60 minutes showed a significant decrease with age (P < 0.01). The results indicate that the time course of phoria adaptation in the vertical direction is similar to that in the horizontal direction and its gain differs considerably among subjects.

Adaptation, Ocular↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epidemiology of rubella and congenital rubella infection in Japan.

During the last two decades, the Japanese mainland experienced three rubella epidemics; the first occurred in the latter half of 1960, the second in 1975-1977, and the third in 1981-1982. A retrospective study done after the first outbreak identified 49 newborns with congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). In contrast, the Ryukyu Islands were swept by a rubella epidemic in 1964-1965, and 408 babies with CRS were born, giving an incidence of 20 per 1,000 births. When the 1975-1977 epidemic hit the mainland, a notification system had been established, and two million cases of rubella were reported. In a retrospective survey, only 39 babies with CRS were found. The number of babies with CRS on the mainland was fewer than that observed on the Ryukyu Islands, and clinical illness appeared milder for these two populations than had previously been experienced. These observations seem to support a hypothesis that the teratogenicity of circulating rubella virus is lower in Japan than in the United States.

Abortion, Induced↗