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Biomedical subjects

R Kono

Publications and source records attributed to R Kono.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Enterovirus type 70-neutralizing IgM in animal sera.

The neutralizing activity against human enterovirus type 70 was found in serum samples from normal cattle, horses, sheep, goats, swine and chickens raised in Japan. The frequency was variable depending upon animal species and the year of bleeding. The neutralizing activity in bovine sera was shown to reside in IgM by sucrose gradient centrifugation and immune gel electrophoresis. These findings suggested that the neutralizing substance in domestic animal sera is the antibody of IgM class elicited by unidentified viruses antigenically related to human enterovirus type 70.

Aging↗
PubMed1982

Neurobiological studies of experimental diphenylhydantoin intoxication. II. Electrophysiological and electron microscopic studies of the rat cerebellum with chronic diphenylhydantoin intoxication.

The oral administration of diphenylhydantoin (DPH) for a period of more than nine months produced ataxia and muscle weakness in rats. The cerebellum of rats which were fed food containing DPH for a period of 12 months was studied electrophysiologically and morphologically. In the DPH-administered rats, little facilitation of Purkinje cell responses was elicited by the stimulation of the inferior olive, and a low frequency and a short duration of after-discharges on the cessation of tetani were observed as compared with that of the control rats. The value of the chronaxie of Purkinje cell axons was smaller in the DPH-administered rats than that in the control rats. Withdrawal of an overdose of DPH from the body returned these phenomena to those observed under normal condition, leaving the degeneration of synaptic boutons and some myelinated axons in the cerebellum. The electrophysiological results were well supported by the electron microscopic findings of degenerative presynaptic terminals and the depletion of synaptic vesicles.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Seroepidemiologic studies of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis virus (enterovirus type 70) in West Africa. I. Studies with human sera from Ghana collected eight years after the first outbreak.

In 1969 and early 1970, during the pre-epidemic period of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) in the upper north regions of Ghana, 191 human sera were collected. In 1977, eight years after the first epidemic of AHC in Ghana, 1008 human sera were also collected in various regions of Ghana. These sera were examined for virus neutralizing (VN) antibody against the J670/71 strain of enterovirus type 70 (EV70). In the pre-epidemic 1969-1970 sera, a low prevalence rate (6%) of VN antibody, with a titer of greater than or equal to 1:8, was found; the geometric mean titer (GMT) was also very low (1:1.85). In the post-epidemic 1977 sera, a high prevalence rate (53%) of VN antibody was found in the Ghanaian population, and the calculated GMT was also high (1:7.36). A higher antibody prevalence was detected in coastal (Accra: prevalence rate of 58% and GMT of (1:7.84), forest (Kumasi: 58% and GMT 1:7.52) and peri-forest (Tamale: 51% and GMT 1:7.46) areas than in the tropical savanna area (Bolgatanga: 41% and GMT 1:5.13). The demonstration of VN antibody in children under seven years of age showed that EV70 was still widely distributed and highly active in Ghana. The VN antibody found in human sera was predominantly IgG.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Seroepidemiologic studies of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis virus (enterovirus type 70) in West Africa. II. Studies with human sera collected in West African countries other than Ghana.

Human sera were collected in Senegal, Nigeria, Ivory Coast, Dahomey, Liberia, Gabon and Togo during the pre-epidemic period of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) from 1965 to 1969, and tested for virus neutralizing (VN) antibody to enterovirus type 70 (EV70). Of these, 1109 (91%) were antibody negative (less than equal to 1:4), 116 (9%) neutralized at a dilution of 1:8 or over, and 45 (4%) at dilutions of at least 1:16. The distribution pattern is not significantly different from that of sera collected from Kenya in 1967 or from army recruits in the United States, Argentina, Brazil and Colombia in the 1960s. Sera collected during the post-epidemic period (1970 to 1977) in Senegal, Sierra Leone, Mali, Upper Volta, Chad, Niger and Gabon were also examined; 1573 (68%) were VN antibody negative (less than or equal to 1:4), while 733 (32%) and 433 (19%) had titers of 1:8 or greater and 1:16 or over, respectively. There is a significant difference in distribution between pre- and post-epidemic antibody titers (p less than 0.001), although the incidence of AHC was lower in these countries than in Ghana and Southeast Asia. The prevalence of VN antibodies tends to be lower in the dry, hot inland areas and thus humid coastal monsoonal climates and dense populations seem to favor the spread of AHC.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Seroepidemiologic studies of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis virus (enterovirus type 70) in West Africa. III. Studies with animal sera from Ghana and Senegal.

One hundred and thirty-nine bovine sera collected in Senegal in 1968 and 1969, before the human pandemic of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC), and 145 sera collected in 1977, seven years after the introduction of AHC, were tested for virus neutralizing (VN) titers against enterovirus 70 (EV70) in neutralization tests. Positive rates of VN titers (1:16) were fairly constant (about 40%) in 1968 and 1969 but the proportion of positives from the 1977 collection was significantly higher (61%). The proportion of Ghanaian bovine sera positive in 1977 (39%) was comparable with those collected earlier in Senegal but the proportion was lower in sera of calves (7%). Similar studies were performed on sheep sera collected in 1966, 1967, 1968, and 1969 in Senegal. The proportions positive and the geometric mean titers (GMTs) peaked in alternate years: the proportions were 43% and 54% in 1966 and 1968 but dropped to 12% and 5% in 1967 and 1969, respectively. The prevalence rate for Ghanaian sheep sera in 1977 was comparable to the earlier figures in Senegal. The prevalence of VN (83%) and the GMT (1:27.28) in swine sera in Ghana in 1977 were much higher than those seen in chickens and dogs. However, 87 sera of wild monkeys caught in Senegal after 1970 were negative in neutralization tests. The VN substance detected in these domestic animals was found to be 2-mercaptoethanol sensitive; hence it is considered to belong to IgM. The results seem to favor the hypothesis that enterovirus type 70 (EV70) evolved from an animal enterovirus which shares a common antigen with EV70.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

A morphologic study on human conduction system of heart considering influences of some disorders of individuals.

The authors have investigated the aging changes of the human AV node, AV bundle, and bundle branches considering the influences of various disorders of individuals upon these conduction tissues. These conduction tissues began to develop gradually from the infant stage and the development was completed by young adult stage. Aging changes of the conduction tissues were fat infiltration, fibrosis and elastosis, disappearance of muscle fiber, and general atrophy of the conduction tissues. They were thought to occur not only by aging but also by the influences of various disorders particularly of long-standing chronic diseases. Changes of the conduction tissues seem to be related with thickening and luminal narrowing of the AV nodal artery and superior ventricular septal arteries. Marked elastosis or atrophy was noted in the cases suffering from some long-standing disorder regardless of the sort of disorders. In the cases which were diagnosed as complete heart block clinically, destruction of the conduction tissues was extremely severe including those of the SA node.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Simple technique for separation of concentrated immunoglobulin M fractions by multi-sample gel chromatography and its application to rubella serodiagnosis.

A simple technique has been developed with which five serum specimens can be chromatographed at one time and concentrated immunoglobulin M fractions can be obtained without using fraction collectors and ultraviolet monitors. When applied to the detection of rubella immunoglobulin M antibody, this technique gave results comparable to the sucrose gradient centrifugation method.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1981

Difference in antibody reactivity between complement fixation and immune adherence hemagglutination tests with virus antigens.

Complement-fixing (CF) immunoglobulin M antibody to infantile gastroenteritis virus (a rotavirus) did not show the reactivity of immune adherence hemagglutination (IAHA). Early immunoglobulin G CF antibody produced both in patients and in guinea pigs experimentally infected with Japanese encephalitis virus (a flavivirus) had weak reactivity in IAHA test. However, late antibody showed higher titers by IAHA than by CF. These results suggested that early antibodies with lower affinity are inefficient in the IAHA reaction. The implications of this study are: (i) a low ratio of IAHA/CF antibody titers in a serum suggests a recent rotavirus infection; (ii) the IAHA reaction is more type specific than the CF reaction for identifying the serotype of antigenically cross-reacting viruses with hyperimmune sera.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Isolation of a recombinant between simian and bovine rotaviruses.

A recombinant between simian rotavirus, simian agent 11 (SA-11) and bovine rotavirus, neonatal calf diarrhoea virus (NCDV), was obtained by mixed infection of MA-104 cells with NCDV and u.v.-irradiated SA-11 virus, and isolation of a plaque formed in the presence of anti-NCDV serum. The genome of the recombinant contained dsRNA segments 4, 5 and 10 derived from SA-11 virus and segments 1, 2, 3, 6 and 11 derived from NCDV, and segments 7, 8 and 9 of undetermined origin. Polypeptides VP4, VP5, VP7a, VP7b, NCVP1 and MCVP3 were derived from SA-11 virus and polypeptides VP1, VP2, VP3, VP6, VP8, NCVP2a and NCVP2b from NCDV. Haemagglutination of the recombinant was inhibited and its infectivity neutralized by the antiserum against SA-11 virus but not by anti-NCDV serum.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Long-term prognosis of behavior therapy in practice.

A prognosis study was carried out on 30 cases of patients treated with behavior therapy. The treatments, which took more than three years before the study, averaged four years and eight months. The results are as follows: (1) The improvement achieved by therapy was maintained or further improved in 29 cases during the post-therapeutic period of more than three years. (2) The prognosis largely depended on the grade of improvement at the end of therapy. A complete disappearance of symptoms at the end of therapy did not necessarily mean that it was a fair prognosis. (3) There was no relation between the prognosis and the length of history of illness or the situation of therapy terminated. (4) The impression is that long-term prognoses are different depending on the main symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Prevalence of antibody to hepatitis A virus in Sri Lanka.

Antibody to hepatitis A virus was studied by immune adherence hemagglutination using 287 serum specimens collected in 1975 by random sampling from healthy individuals living in Colomobo, Sri Lanka. The overall prevalence of antibody to the virus was 76.9% and the prevalence between males and females was approximately the same. The age-specific prevalence of the antibody indicated that hepatitis A in the area is mainly an infection during the early childhood.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Differential inhibitory effects of 5-bromodeoxyuridine on vaccinia and monkeypox viruses.

Replication of vaccinia and monkeypox viruses was impeded in the presence of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) in RL-33 cells derived from rabbit lung tissue. The different degree of inhibition was found among strains of those viruses, in which it was evident that five strains (CV-1, Lister, IHD, Dairen-I and Ikeda) of vaccinia viruses resulted in more reduced yields of infectious virus than four strains (Sen-19, Orang Utan, Copenhagen and Sierra Leone) of monkeypox viruses. There was also strain variation in BUdR sensitivity within vaccinia viruses but not in the case of monkeypox viruses.

Bromodeoxyuridine↗
PubMed1978

Four autopsy cases of neonatal giant cell hepatitis died suddenly and unexpectedly from intracranial hemorrhage.

The authors present four cases of neonatal giant cell hepatitis who died suddenly and unexpectedly from intracranial hemorrhage, autopsied recently at the Tokyo-to Medical Examiner Office. This series consisted of one male and 3 female infants ranging from 37 to 52 days of age. The cause of death of all cases was thought to be massive intracranial hemorrhage. Referring to the connection between intracranial hemorrhage and neonatal giant cell hepatitis, it was assumed that the former must have occurred due to the hemorrhagic tendencies of the latter, superimposing to the hemorrhage at birth trauma of the head. As to the formation of multinucleated giant cell, it is considered to be of degenerative nature of hepatocytes, i.e. the giant cell is formed by fusion of hepatocytes as a result of the disappearance of bile canaliculi, although the etiology of this hepatitis is still unknown.

Brain↗
PubMed1978

Oligomeric immunoglobulin A antibody response to rubella virus infection.

Pooled sera from rubella patients in the early convalescent stage, containing a high titer of hemagglutination-inhibiting (HI) antibody, were treated with protein A-conjugated gel to reduce immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody and then centrifuged in sucrose gradients. This treatment resulted in the detection of an HI activity peak sedimenting at a rate intermediate between 7S and 19S. In contrast to the 19S antibody, the HI activity of this peak was not abolished by 2-mercaptoethanol, but sedimented at 7S after this treatment. The activity was considered to consist of IgA oligomers, since it was removed by anti-IgA immunosorbent. The appearance of the oligomeric IgA antibody after the infection was then studied using serum samples collected sequentially from five rubella patients. Shortly after the onset of the disease, the HI activity appeared at high titer and thereafter gradually decreased in titer until it could no longer be detected in the sera. The time of its disappearance varied with each patient.

Antibodies, Viral↗