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Biomedical subjects

R Koike

Publications and source records attributed to R Koike.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Separation of lipophilic compounds by micellar electrokinetic chromatography with organic modifiers.

Separation of lipophilic compounds such as polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) by micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) with organic modifiers was investigated. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and acetone were used as organic modifiers, and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as a surfactant or a micelle forming reagent. By using 25 mM SDS (pH 7.0), containing 50% v/v DMSO, 8 PAHs were separated. Similarly, with 25 mM SDS, containing 30% acetone, 13 PAHs were successfully separated. For the calculation of thermodynamic quantities, critical micelle concentrations of SDS in buffers containing DMSO or acetone were measured.

Acetone↗
PubMed1994

The alymphoplasia (aly) mutation co-segregates with the intercellular adhesion molecule-2 (lcam-2) on mouse chromosome 11.

A new spontaneous autosomal recessive mutation alymphoplasia (aly), which causes a systemic defect of lymph nodes and Peyer's patches, was mapped on mouse chromosome 11 by linkage analysis using (ALY x MSM)F1 x ALY backcross progeny (155 mice). The gene order and map distances on the chromosome were as follows (cM +/- SD); D11Mit14 (AntP91a), Krt-1 -(0.7 +/- 0.6)--D11Mit59--(1.9 +/- 1.1)--D11Mit52, D11Nds7 (Gfap)--(0.7 +/- 0.6)--aly, D11Mit10, D11Mit13 (Ace), D11Mit58 (Myla), lcam-2--(8.4 +/- 2.2)--D11Mit12. No recombinant was found among aly, D11Mit10, D11Mit13, D11Mit58 and lcam-2, suggesting the possible involvement of lcam-2 in the aly mutation. However, the nucleotide sequence of the lcam-2 gene of aly/aly mouse was identical to that of the control mouse. No difference was detected between aly/aly and the control mouse for expression of the gene by both Northern blot and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analyses. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis using a mAb revealed that the ICAM-2 protein was normally distributed in various tissues. These findings indicate that aly/aly mice do not suffer from defects of lcam-2. The four polymorphic microsatellite markers tightly linked with the aly gene will serve as admirable guideposts for a chromosomal walk to the aly gene.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Gold sodium thiomalate down-regulates intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression on vascular endothelial cells.

We examined whether antirheumatic drugs alter cytokine- or lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of adhesion molecules on vascular endothelial cells. Human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells were co-cultured with various antirheumatic drugs in the presence of inflammatory cytokines, and adhesion molecule expression was measured by cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Northern blot analysis. Among these antirheumatic drugs, gold sodium thiomalate significantly inhibited intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression on vascular endothelial cells and suppressed cellular binding between human monocytic cell lines, including U937 and HL-60 cells, and interleukin-1 beta-stimulated vascular endothelial cells. It is speculated that down-regulation of adhesion molecules might be one of the novel mechanisms of action of gold sodium thiomalate.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1994

[Correlation between degrees of the CTG repeat expansion and clinical features of myotonic dystrophy].

The mutation in myotonic dystrophy gene has recently been identified as an unstable expansion of trinucleotide CTG repeat located at the 3'-untranslated region of myotonin protein kinase gene. In this paper we report the correlation between the degree of CTG amplification and clinical features in 35 individuals with myotonic dystrophy. The analysis of CTG repeat expansion was performed with Southern blot hybridization. Genomic DNA from peripheral blood leukocytes was digested with a restriction endonuclease, Pst I, instead of commonly used EcoRI. Since small expansion (about 100 bp) could be detected with PstI digestion and furthermore, the DNA fragment did not contain insertion/deletion polymorphism, we were able to accurately determine the exact sizes of CTG repeat expansion. We have observed a tendency of earlier ages of onset with larger allele sizes. The good correlation between the size of the expansion and the severity in muscle weakness was clearly demonstrated especially if the analysis was focused on the patients at same age group at 40-45 years. The severity of motor disability was classified into three stages. The mean size of expansion was 0.33 +/- 0.17 (M +/- SD) kbp in stage I, 2.58 +/- 1.42 kbp in stage II, and 4.75 +/- 0.93 kbp in stage III. The tendency was also observed when patients were categorized according to the intellectual grade. The anticipation was observed in all the parent-child pairs. When the increases of the repeat expansions were compared between father-child and mother-child transmissions, broader variation of the increases was observed in father-child transmissions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Optical resolution by high-performance capillary electrophoresis. Micellar electrokinetic chromatography with sodium N-dodecanoyl-L-glutamate and digitonin.

Optical resolution by micellar electrokinetic chromatography with sodium N-dodecanoyl-L-glutamate (SDGlu) and with digitonin-sodium taurodeoxycholate (STDC) mixed micelles was investigated. Addition of sodium dodecyl sulphate, urea and methanol to SDGlu micellar solutions could give improved peak shapes and resolution. With SDGlu, phenylthiohydantoin (PTH) derivatives of five DL-amino acids (alpha-aminobutyric acid, methionine, norvaline, tryptophan and norleucine) were separated from each other and each pair of enantiomers was optically resolved. On the other hand, three PTH-DL-amino acids (norvaline, valine and alpha-aminobutyric acid) were also successfully resolved with a digitonin-STDC-urea solution (pH 2.5).

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1993

Polyarteritis nodosa (PN) complicated with unilateral exophthalmos.

A 58-year-old woman suddenly developed right exophthalmos. A CT scan of her orbit revealed an increase in volume and density of extraocular muscles and intraorbital soft tissues that resembled exophthalmos in Graves' disease. The exophthalmos gradually improved without treatment. Two months later she developed mononeuritis multiplex in her limbs, and then showed a sudden onset of swelling of her right calf. Sural nerve biopsy was performed and the diagnosis of polyarteritis nodosa (PN) was established from the histological findings. A rare case of PN with exophthalmos is herein reported with a review of the literature.

Exophthalmos↗
PubMed1993

Still's disease relapse with severe pneumonitis after prolonged remission.

A 20-year-old woman who had suffered from Still's disease was admitted for fever and progressive pneumonitis after long-term remission. High spiking fever, leukocytosis, splenomegaly and an extremely high serum ferritin concentration strongly suggested a relapse of Still's disease. Intensive therapy with high-dose methylprednisolone, cyclophosphamide and gamma globulin was required for the severe pneumonitis, which was thought to be a rare manifestation in Still's disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[OKT4 epitope deficiency in collagen disease patients].

We have studied the expression of OKT4-epitope on peripheral blood lymphocytes of 117 connective tissue disease patients and 72 normal controls. Three patients defected OKT4-epitope with a diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). But they did not have any specific symptoms. The partial-deficiency patients with having as half as density of OKT4-epitope were found in SLE patients, other connective tissue disease patients and normal controls in a comparable proportion. Their mode of heredity was autosomal codominant as reported in the literature. And OKT4-epitope defective PBL reacted with mitogens normally. The relationship between OKT4-epitope deficiency and immunological disorder is not presently clarified. However, it might be relevant to study the role of OKT4-epitope in CD4 molecule in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[A sporadic case of late onset familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy preceded by cardiac involvement].

We report a 65-year-old man with amyloidotic polyneuropathy, who first suffered from heart failure at the age of 57, 3 years before the onset of neurological symptoms. He had no obvious family history. We analysed the transthyretin gene of the patient and 6 asymptomatic family members using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The single amino acid substitution of a methionine for valine at position 30, which is a common mutation of Japanese type I FAP patients, was found from the patient and his sister of 47 years. Though Type I FAP patients often have cardiac conduction block, they rarely have signs of heart failure until the end stage of the disease. This is the first report of Type I FAP with severe myocardial involvement, in which TTR mutation at position 30 was confirmed. The result revealed the clinical variation of Type I FAP.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

An immunomodulatory protein, Ling Zhi-8, facilitates cellular interaction through modulation of adhesion molecules.

Ling Zhi-8 (LZ-8), a novel immunomodulatory protein, markedly enhanced the expression of CD11b, but not CD11a, CD13, CD14, CD18, CD33 or HLA-DR, on the U937 cell line in a dose-dependent fashion. It also induced ICAM-1 expression on vascular endothelial cells and significantly augmented gamma - interferon-induced cellular binding between vascular endothelial cells and U937. Furthermore, LZ-8 increased the expression of CD2, but not VLA4, VLA5 or LFA3, on MOLT4 and enhanced rosette formation between human T cells and sheep red blood cells. These data suggest that LZ-8 exerts its pharmacological effect by modulating adhesion molecules on immunocompetent cells.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1992

[A case of Castleman's disease with a variable neuropsychiatric symptomatology].

A case of 44-year-old woman who had shown psychiatric symptoms before and during the course of Castlemans' disease was presented. For four years, she first suffered from a paranoid-hallucinatory state and then a depressive one episodically. In the course of the latter, severe anemia developed. She was diagnosed as Castleman's disease, because the increased serum level of gamma-globulin and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and multiple lymphomata were evidenced. A paranoid-hallucinatory state relapsed about one year later from this episode. At last, some bulbar and cerebellar symptoms, and a delirium suddenly occurred. The ischemic changes at the level of the pons and midbrain were revealed by the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination. It is certainly that both neurological and psychiatric symptoms were related to the lesions. This ischemic lesions may have resulted from the anoxia secondary to the severe anemia and/or hyperviscosity syndrome in the disease. On the other hand, the increased serum level of IL-6 as well as the ischemic lesions might have caused psychiatric symptoms in this case, as the interferone which is one of the analogues of IL-6, is known to induce emotional and behavioral symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Physiological significance of fatty acid elongation system in adrenoleukodystrophy.

We studied the metabolism of radioactive fatty acids in cultured skin fibroblasts from patients with adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) and Zellweger syndrome (ZS) to clarify the physiological significance of the fatty acid elongation system in the accumulation of very long chain fatty acids (VLFA) in ALD. A substantial amount of radioactive C26:0 was synthesized from [18-14C]stearic acid by ALD and ZS fibroblasts, whereas radioactive C26:0 was not detected in control fibroblasts. Kinetic studies demonstrated that the production of radioactive C24:0 and C26:0 in ALD fibroblasts is higher than that of ZS fibroblasts, which suggests that the fatty acid elongation activity plays an important role for the accumulation of VLFA in ALD, in addition to the decreased VLFA oxidation activities. The addition of monounsaturated fatty acids including oleic acid and erucic acid specifically lowered the formation rate of VLFA without any significant effect on degradation activities of VLFA both in ALD and control fibroblasts. The results suggest that the mechanism of decrease of VLFA by administration of monounsaturated fatty acids is based on the inhibition of fatty acid elongation activity.

Adrenoleukodystrophy↗
PubMed1991

The effect of immunoglobulin on immune complexes in patients with Kawasaki disease (MCLS).

In mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (MCLS) IgG and IgM class immune complex (IC) showed peak levels on day 10 to 20 after the onset of the disease respectively, and a transient decrease in IgM class IC was detected at the beginning of intravenous high dose gamma-globulin therapy (IHDGT). In in vitro examination, when gamma-globulin was added to the serum samples of MCLS patients, IgG class IC increased while IgM class IC decreased. Consumption of complements was also observed in these samples. Disposition of IC in the reticuloendothelial system seemed easier by both binding of gamma-globulin to IC and increasing complement bound to IC resulting in increasing complement-binding site. These results suggest that IHDGT is effective for the treatment of IC in MCLS. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) revealed 14 bands from 300 K.D. to 42 K.D. in IC of MCLS patients in the acute phase of the disease and prior to treatment. The immunoblotting method revealed that IC contains IgG, IgM, IgE, IgA, Clq, C3, and C4.

Acute Disease↗