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Biomedical subjects

R Koide

Publications and source records attributed to R Koide.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[A case of juvenile onset ataxia with dystonia, myoclonus, sensorineural hearing loss and mental retardation].

A 35-year-old female was reported who presented early onset and slowly progressive ataxia and retrocollis which appeared at the age of nine. On admission, neurological examination revealed cerebellar ataxia, dystonia of the neck and the right arm, myoclonus of the neck and the shoulder, slight mental retardation, supranuclear upper gaze palsy, and sensorineural hearing loss. Laboratory examination showed high serum CK activity. Electromyography and muscle biopsy findings suggested slight muscular involvement. CSF level of HVA and 5-HIAA were reduced. MRI demonstrated marked cerebellar atrophy and slight atrophy of the brain stem. To our knowledge, the characteristic combination of the neurological sign in this case has not been reported. This case was compared with EOCA (early onset cerebellar ataxia with retained tendon reflexes) and other juvenile onset cerebellar ataxia and dystonia.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[A study on HTP organic signs].

A special version of the House-Tree-Person (H-T-P) technique was developed to differentiate organic psychosis from other disorders. H-T-P data of 126 psychiatric inpatients, including 16 patients with organic psychoses, 50 schizophrenics, 50 borderlines and 10 patients with other psychoses, were evaluated for the presence or absence of 29 possible features of houses, trees and persons. These features included those common to all three objects, as well as those specific to each object. Results for patients with organic psychoses were compared with those of patients with other disorders. The comparison disclosed that seven of the original 29 H-T-P features had diagnostical discrimination among treatment groups, giving higher H-T-P organic scores.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1992

[Ocular hypotensive effect of alpha-adrenoceptor agonist and antagonist in the conscious pigmented rabbit].

It has been reported that some of the topically-used antiglaucomatics have a central ocular hypotensive effect. In this study, the influence of topical and intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of phenylephrine, clonidine, guanfacine, prazosin, yohimbine on the intraocular pressure (IOP) was investigated in the rabbit. Male pigmented rabbits were used throughout the experiments. For measurement of IOP, an applanation pneumatonograph was used. By unilateral topical administration of phenylephrine, an increase in IOP in the eye in which instillation was performed was observed. On the other hand, a slight decrease in IOP was observed by similar treatment of prazosin and yohimbine. No significant change of IOP in the contralateral eye was observed with these drugs. On the contrary, unilateral topical administration of clonidine or guanfacine decreased the IOP of both eyes. Furthermore, the decrease of IOP was more remarkable in the contralateral eye compared to the eye which received instillation. The IOP of both eyes was decreased in a dose-related fashion by i.c.v. administration of clonidine or guanfacine. The ocular hypotensive effects of clonidine were diminished by the pretreatment by i.c.v. administration with yohimbine. These results suggest that the ocular hypotensive effect of clonidine and guanfacine is due to their alpha 2-adrenoceptor stimulation in the central nervous system.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1992

[The role of sympathetic cervical ganglion in the effect of clonidine for lowering intraocular pressure].

The contribution of sympathetic cervical ganglion to the mechanism of action of clonidine for lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) was investigated. Pigmented rabbits were used. The animals were divided into 3 groups: normal control group (group 1), animals in which the bilateral cervical sympathetic trunks had been amputated presynaptically (group 2), animals in which the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) had been bilaterally dissected (group 3). Changes in IOP were measured after topical application of clonidine unilaterally. In group 1, IOP was significantly decreased in eye treated by clonidine and contralateral eyes compared to pretreatment values. Decrease of IOP in the contralateral eye was greater than that in the treated eye. In group 2, IOP was decreased in the contralateral eye but increased in the eye treated by clonidine. Pretreatment of yohimbine administered orally antagonized the ocular hypotensive effect of clonidine in a dose-related manner. In group 3, where SCGs were dissected, no changes in IOP were observed in both eyes by unilateral administration of clonidine. These results suggested that the bilateral ocular hypotensive effect of clonidine administered unilaterally is in part due to direct action on the SCG and that the alpha 2 receptor in the SCG plays some role in the regulation of IOP.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Immunoelectron microscopic observation of cells in the rat retinal containing gamma-aminobutyric acid and catecholamine.

Interactions between gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)- and catecholamine (CA)-containing cells in the rat retina was revealed by a double-labeling immunocytochemical technique using the antisera to GABA- and CA-synthesizing enzymes, such as tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT). At the light microscopic level, GABA-, TH- and PMNT-immunoreactive (GABA-, TH- and PMNT-IR) amacrine cell bodies and their processes appeared in the inner nuclear layer and the inner plexiform layer, respectively. By electron microscopy observation, in the inner plexiform layer, GABA-, TH- or PMNT-IR amacrine cell processes were found making synaptic contacts with the axon terminals of immunonegative bipolar cells or with the processes of immunonegative amacrine cells. TH-IR amacrine cell processes formed synapse-like contacts with the GABA-IR amacrine cell perikarya and processes. In contrast, GABA-IR amacrine cell processes formed symmetric synaptic contacts onto the TH-IR as well as PNMT-IR amacrine cell processes. From these findings, it appears that the GABA- and CA-containing amacrine cells may interact with each other and play some important role in regulating the activities of bipolar cells and other unknown amacrine cells in the rat retina.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Estimating the quality of life in childhood cancer survivors from parent questionnaires].

Multidisciplinary clinical research on childhood cancer has achieved a marked improvement in survival rate during the last two decades. Due to the increase of long-term survivors, the survey of quality of life (QOL) of cured children is essential. But methods to estimate QOL of children have not been established. We attempted to estimate the QOL of surviving patients from the responses to a questionnaire filled out by their parents. The total number of patients treated at the National Children's Hospital from 1965-1987 was 937, of which 296 patients are still surviving. Among these survivors 108 patients were selected to be surveyed because they were being followed up by our attending physicians. The originally elaborated questionnaire was sent to parents in June 1989. Seventy-eight parents responded. The questionnaire consisted of four major questions. The first was how the QOL of the child compared to that of an ordinary child. The parents circled the appropriate level of QOL determined by our scale (1 lower, 4 the same as ordinary child, 7 excellent). The average score was 5.61 showing that parents felt their child's QOL is superior to an ordinary child. The second question concerned how the present status of the child was influenced by the experience of cancer. Answers were divided into five categories as follows: 1) Good or positive (10%); 2) nothing in particular (49%); minimum (29%); negative (9%); and other (7%). The third question concerned any anxieties. Most parents had numerous anxieties about the relapse, late effects, education, job prospects, marriage and offspring and getting the latest information. The fourth question dealt with what to tell the child as to their true diagnosis. Answers were divided as follows: absolutely no (56%); yes, but in the future (23%); yes, already done (10%); and yes, through our physician; (13%). After studying the questionnaires we interviewed the parents. We noticed that the parent/child relationship was very close. A meeting was conducted with parents and all the staff (doctors, psychologists and nurses). In conclusion, the QOL in surviving childhood cancer patients is considered to be better than that of ordinary children by their parents. This result is likely due to the excellent parent/child relationship.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Improvement in the treatment of childhood cancer: analysis of survival data from the National Children's Hospital (1965-1987).

Developments in the treatment of childhood cancer have been evaluated in patients who had been treated in the National Children's Hospital from 1965 to 1987. The total number of patients was 867, of which leukemia accounted for 376, malignant lymphoma 61, neuroblastoma 174, Wilms' tumor 55, yolk sac tumor 29, rhabdomyosarcoma 36 and hepatoblastoma 30. Patients were divided into three time intervals: the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. A marked improvement in five-year survival was recognized in Wilms' tumor and yolk sac tumor, amounting to 80%, followed by rhabdomyosarcoma, acute lymphoblastic leukemia and malignant lymphoma. There was no improvement in patients with acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia, neuroblastoma and hepatoblastoma. Prognostic factors for neuroblastoma were further analyzed, and the age of onset and stage of disease were found to have remained constant for 23 years. Factors relating to the improvement of survival were discussed.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1988

Ocular hypotensive effects of monoamine oxidase-A inhibitors in rabbit.

The effects of monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A) inhibitors with epinephrine on intraocular pressure in the pigmented rabbit were studied. MAO-A inhibitors were used topically with or without various concentrations of epinephrine. For the measurement of intraocular pressure, applanation pneumatonography was used and tissue MAO activities were determined by radiometric assay. After topical administration with clorgyline, MAO-A activities in the bulbar conjunctiva and the iris-ciliary body were remarkably inhibited, whereas MAO-B inhibition was minimal. Maximal reduction of intraocular pressure with 0.05% epinephrine was 3.2 mmHg. Single administration of clorgyline, amiflamine, moclobemide or CGP 11305-A caused decreases in the intraocular pressure of 2.0, 2.5, 1.8 and 2.4 mmHg, respectively. In the coadministration experiments with epinephrine, the ocular hypotensive effects of epinephrine were potentiated with clorgyline, amiflamine, moclobemide and CGP 11305-A (6.6, 4.8, 5.6 and 5.8 mmHg). On the contrary, they were not influenced by the MAO-B inhibitor deprenyl. These results indicated that MAO-A inhibitors potentiated the ocular hypotensive effects of epinephrine, and that the coadministration of a reversible MAO-A inhibitor with epinephrine might be useful for patients with glaucoma.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Serial determination of serum neuron-specific enolase in patients with neuroblastoma and other pediatric tumors.

The importance of determination of serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in patients with neuroblastoma has been emphasized by several authors. However, the specificity and sensitivity of NSE have not yet been well studied in tumors of infancy and childhood, nor is the role of serial determination of NSE in monitoring these patients fully understood. Concentrations of serum NSE were determined by a newly developed radioimmunoassay technique in 241 samples from 111 patients. NSE was also assayed in sera of nude mice bearing human pediatric tumors (16 samples), as well as in 30 tumor specimens. Eighty-two serum samples from 19 patients with neuroblastoma all showed NSE values (mean 120.2 ng/mL, range 16.2 to 722.0 ng/mL) elevated beyond the upper border of the normal range (14.6 ng/mL), even though four of the 19 patients had normal urinary excretion of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid (VMA) and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylacetic acid (HVA). Twelve of these patients were monitored with serial NSE determinations, and their serum NSE were found to correlate well with the tumor burden, but were transiently modified by chemotherapeutically induced cell death. All 68 samples from nine patients, free of neuroblastoma at assessment, showed NSE values within the normal range. Thirteen of 25 patients with tumors other than neuroblastoma, however, showed serum NSE values mildly elevated beyond the upper border of the normal range (mean of the 25 patients 36.7 ng/mL, range 5.0 to 234.0 ng/mL). Results from our nude mouse study and from NSE analysis of the tumor extracts paralleled the clinical results.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Bone metastasis of malignant solid tumors in childhood].

A total of 452 cases of childhood malignant solid tumors were treated over the last twenty years at the National Children's Hospital. These included 175 cases of neuroblastoma, 64 cases of Wilms' tumor, 65 cases of malignant lymphoma, 45 cases of soft tissue sarcoma, 31 cases of hepatoma, 20 cases of malignant teratoma, 17 cases of testicular tumor, 7 cases of ovarian tumor and 28 cases of other forms of malignant solid tumor. Bone metastasis was observed in 62 of 175 cases of neuroblastoma, 3 of 64 cases of Wilms' tumor, one of 65 cases of malignant lymphoma, 4 of 45 cases of soft tissue sarcoma, one case of pulmonary blastoma and one case of osteogenic sarcoma, giving a total occurrence of bone metastasis in 72 of the 452 cases. The main sites of bone metastasis in neuroblastoma were the skull (61.4%), femur (56.8%), orbit (27.3%) and spine (22.7%). The average values of serum calcium and alkaline phosphatase activity showed no significant difference. The patients with bone metastasis were treated with a combination of radiation therapy and intensive chemotherapy, resulting in temporary improvement. The survival of patients with stage IV neuroblastoma with bone metastasis was worse than that of similar patients without bone metastasis.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1984

Mass screening for neuroblastoma in infants in Japan. Interim report of a mass screening study group.

A mass screening system for the early detection by means of a vanillylmandelic acid test of neuroblastoma in 6-month-old infants in Japan has been developed in eight districts. 16 of the 281 939 infants screened by this test had neuroblastoma, equivalent to a very high incidence of 1 in 17 621. 15 of the 16 children with neuroblastoma are alive; the other child died 1 month after surgery. This mass screening system for neuroblastoma used in infancy can help to improve prognosis in infants with this malignant disorder.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1984

A clinicopathological study of histiocytosis X.

Thirty-five cases of histiocytosis X in the National Children's Hospital were clinicopathologically studied. Fourteen cases were categorized in diffuse histiocytosis X, Letterer-Siwe type (DHX), 19 cases in multifocal eosinophilic granuloma (MEG) and 2 cases in unifocal eosinophilic granuloma (UEG). Nine of 14 DHX died, of which 6 died of opportunistic infection due to hypoproteinemia and pancytopenia, and 3 died of pulmonary fibrosis probably due to histiocytic infiltration and resultant lymphedema. Infiltration of histiocytes in the bone marrow, thymus and lungs, in addition to the lymphoreticular organs, was conspicuous in autopsy cases of DHX. Skin biopsy was valuable for diagnosis and the immunostaining with anti-S100 antibody was a good marker to characterize infiltrating histiocytes. Prognostic factors and effects of treatments were also evaluated. Only one of 19 MEG died of opportunistic viral infection, but a longer duration for treatment was usually necessary compared to that for DHX. Pathogenesis of histiocytosis X was discussed in relation to T-zone histiocytes.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗