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Biomedical subjects

R Kochhar

Publications and source records attributed to R Kochhar.

194 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Transendoscopic fine needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

This report describes the use of transendoscopic fine needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of three cases of hepatocellular carcinoma who had presented with large nodular liver and mass impression on the left border of the stomach at endoscopy. Using a 21G, 1.0 cm needle catheter, transendoscopic fine needle aspiration was done under direct endoscopic vision. The aspirate confirmed the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in all of them.

Biopsy, Fine-Needle↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Severe acute bleeding from portal colopathy controlled by somatostatin: a case report.

Portal hypertensive colopathy (PHC) is a recently described entity in patients with portal hypertension which can cause even life-threatening lower gastrointestinal bleeding. In contrast to variceal bleed, there is no standardized treatment for the control of bleeding from these lesions. We report a case of alcoholic cirrhosis with portal hypertension, in whom bleeding from colonic angiodysplasia-like lesions was effectively controlled by somatostatin infusion.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Amebic meningoencephalitis: spectrum of imaging findings.

Primary amebic meningoencephalitis and granulomatous amebic meningoencephalitis are central nervous system infections caused by free-living amebae. We describe the neuroimaging findings in 5 such cases on CT and MR imaging. A spectrum of findings was seen in the form of multifocal parenchymal lesions, pseudotumoral lesions, meningeal exudates, hemorrhagic infarcts, and necrosis in the brain. Familiarity with the imaging findings is important for the diagnosis and management of this nearly universally fatal disease.

Acanthamoeba↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Crush preparations of gastroesophageal biopsy specimens in the diagnosis of malignancy.

The diagnostic value of crush preparations of endoscopic biopsy samples from gastroesophageal malignancies was studied. Forty-two patients with esophageal or gastric carcinomas were subjected to endoscopic biopsy and brushing. Half of each of two biopsy pieces from each case was crushed between two glass slides for cytologic evaluation. A positive yield (a diagnosis of malignancy) was achieved by histologic study of biopsy samples in 38 cases and by cytologic study of brushing smears in 37 cases and crush preparations in 40 cases. The advantages of the cytologic study of crush preparations were: (1) it expedited the workup of the patients and (2) it gave a positive yield in cases whose biopsy specimens were otherwise inadequate for making a definitive histologic diagnosis. Crush preparations thus combined the usefulness of biopsy and brushing techniques for the diagnosis of gastroesophageal malignancies.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Endoscopic suction cytology in upper gastrointestinal tract malignancy.

In 50 cases of radiographically suspected malignancies of the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract, the lesions were sampled by suctioning following brushing and forceps biopsy. The cytologic smears prepared from the suctioned material were positive for malignancy in 48 cases (96%), as were the biopsy specimens; the cytologic smears from the brushings were positive in 92% of the cases. All 50 cases were diagnosed as malignant by one or more of the techniques. Suction cytology detected the ulcerated and stenotic growths that biopsy failed to diagnose in two cases. Endoscopic suction cytology, which is a simple and rapid procedure, seems able to assist in diagnosing lesions of the upper GI tract.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Endoscopic fine needle aspiration biopsy.

A catheter assembly that can be passed through the biopsy channel of a standard fiberoptic gastroduodenoscope was devised to permit fine needle aspiration biopsy of gastrointestinal neoplasms under direct vision of the endoscope. This technique for endoscopic aspiration biopsy was performed in ten consecutive patients with esophageal and gastric carcinomas, along with the conventional endoscopic brushing and biopsy. Endoscopic aspiration biopsy gave a positive diagnosis in all ten cases while the other two techniques gave inconclusive results in one patient with an ulcerative growth. We feel that endoscopic aspiration biopsy can be used to obtain representative samples from gastrointestinal neoplasms, and it may add to the diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic biopsy and brushing cytology.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An audit of pneumatic dilatation and oesophagomyotomy in patients with achalasia cardia.

The role of pneumatic dilatation and oesophagomyotomy in the management of achalasia cardia was evaluated. Twenty patients with achalasia cardia managed either by pneumatic dilatation (n = 10) and oesophagomyotomy (n = 10) were studied. Patients undergoing dilatation were followed up for a mean of 20 months (12-30 months) and those undergoing myotomy for 17 months (6-48 months). The patients were evaluated clinically, radiologically and endoscopically. Relief of dysphagia was excellent in 20%, good in 50% and fair in 30% of those who underwent dilatation. In the myotomy group, 60% had an excellent result, 30% had a good result and fair results was observed in 10%. Oesophagitis on endoscopic evaluation, was found in two patients in myotomy group. The diameter of the gastro-oesophageal junction increased from a mean of 2 mm (range 1 to 4 mm) to a mean of 11 mm (range 4 to 15 mm) in dilatation group while in myotomy group it changed from a mean of 2 mm (range 0.5 to 8 mm) to a mean of 9 mm (range 5 to 15 mm). Symptomatic improvement was better after myotomy than after pneumatic dilatation and correlated poorly with radiological features.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Abdominal tuberculosis. Diagnosis by fine needle aspiration cytology.

One hundred five cases of tuberculosis of the abdomen (excluding genitourinary involvement) diagnosed initially by fine needle aspiration cytology between 1988 and 1991 were analyzed retrospectively. The diagnosis of tuberculosis was suspected clinically in 60% of the cases prior to aspiration. The anatomic locations of the lesions were ileocecal in 69 cases, lymph node in 18, colon in 10, jejunoileal in 2, duodenojejunal in 1, peritoneal in 1 and liver in 4. Cytomorphologic analysis of the aspirates from these 105 cases showed only necrotic material in 19 cases, necrotic material with epithelioid granuloma in 36 cases and epithelioid granuloma without necrosis in 50 cases. Ziehl-Neelsen staining for acid-fast bacilli was positive in 47 of 105 cases (45%). Cultures for mycobacteria were positive in 5 of 24 cases. Histologic confirmation was available in five cases only. The cytodiagnosis correlated well with the radiologic findings and response to antituberculosis chemotherapy.

Abdomen↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gastrointestinal complications after renal transplantation. 10 Year data from a North Indian Transplant Center.

Gastrointestinal complications are responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality among renal allograft recipients in developing countries. During a 10 year period, 166 (62.6%) of 265 allograft recipients developed gastrointestinal complications. This figure reflects the high incidence of infectious complications, especially acute diarrheas. Also notable was the incidence of esophageal candidiasis (7.2%), ischemic colitis (2.6%), and gastrointestinal and peritoneal tuberculosis (3.0%). Almost one quarter of the complications developed in the first 6 months after transplantation. Mortality was the highest with acute ischemic colitis (100%), pancreatitis (60%), and upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (40%). Improvements in standards of living and sanitary conditions, pre transplant evaluation and assessment of risk factors, prophylaxis with anti ulcer drugs, early diagnosis, and appropriate treatment are needed to decrease the frequency and severity of gastrointestinal complications in renal allograft recipients.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Normal pancreatic duct morphology in a north Indian population.

Ninety three normal pancreatograms from a North Indian population were studied. The pancreatic duct (PD) was L-shaped in 47%, oblique in 5% and sigmoid in 11%. The mean length (SD) of PD was 18.2 (3.0) cm, being longer in males but not varying with age. The mean maximum diameters of PD in head, body and tail were 3.7 (0.8), 2.7 (0.6) and 1.7 (0.4) mm respectively. These did not vary with sex. The PD diameters showed a statistically significant increase with age but this variation does not appear to be of much practical importance.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Primary duodenal tuberculosis diagnosed by endoscopic biopsy.

Tuberculosis involves the duodenum very rarely and is usually secondary to lymph node involvement. Endoscopic biopsy usually shows nonspecific changes necessitating laparotomy for confirmation of diagnosis and relief of obstruction. We report a case of duodenal tuberculosis diagnosed by endoscopic biopsy and treated successfully.

Adolescent↗