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Biomedical subjects

R Koch

Publications and source records attributed to R Koch.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Intellectual assessment of 111 four-year-old children with phenylketonuria.

Of the 216 children with phenylketonuria (PKU) who were initially enrolled in the Collaborative Study of Children Treated for Phenylketonuria, 203 were placed on dietary therapy between 3 and 92 days of age. Of these, 111 are now at least 4 years of age and constituted the sample for the present analysis. Their mean IQ on the Stanford Binet Intelligence Scale was 93 (1972 norms). The children assigned to two treatment groups based on "moderate" and "low" serum phenylalanine levels were comparable on their IQs at age 4, although many of the children could not be maintained in the specified categories. Females scored a significantly higher mean IQ than males (97 vs 90). Those children for whom dietary treatment was initiated during the first month of life scored a mean IQ of 95, compared with 85 for those initially treated from 31 to 65 days. However, the interpretation of dietary inception data may have been contaminated by familial and psychosocial factors. The PKU Collaborative Study is still in progress in 15 clinics located in 11 states.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1977

[First results with a new prostaglandin E2-derivate (author's transl)].

A new tissue-selective prostaglandin E2-derivate, 16-Phenoxy-prostaglandin E2-methansulfonamide (SH B 286) developed by Pfizer, USA, and Schering, Germany, has been investigated as abortifacient using the intrauterine as well as intravenous route of application. Vital signs, intrauterine pressure, serum levels of steroid hormones, hPL and hCG were recorded before, during and after administration of Pg SH B 286. By using 100--250 microgram Pg SH 286 extraamniotically abortion rates reached 80%. Severe systemic effects did not occur. Uterine cramps (40% of the women), nausea (23%) and vomitus (15%) were tolerable and needed rarely medication. The intravenous administration of Pg SH B 286 has been investigated for the first time with three dosis regimens. 33 of 38 women had complete abortion with dose-dependant side effects and without severe complications. The low dosage schedule (0,5--1,5 microgram/ml, total approx. 1000 microgram) had the same efficacy rate as the higher ones and was associated with the lowest systemic side effects. Premedication with analgetics was not necessary. Pg SH B 286 caused a marked increase of intrauterine pressure inducing abortion. If the measured decline of steroid hormones--mainly progesterone--contributes to the abortifacient efficacy of this prostaglandin is yet unsolved. The clinical usefulness of Pg SH B 286 has been demonstrated by our study.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1977

Interpersonal distance behavior of mentally retarded and nonretarded children.

The investigators compared interpersonal-distance choice behavior of 60 mildly retarded children and 60 nonretarded children of comparable MAs to a male adult stranger. Contrary to the original prediction, stemming from Zigler's negative-reaction tendency formulation, interpersonal distance by retarded children was not generally different from that of nonretarded children. However, analysis of the interaction between IQ group and approach condition (child approaching adult or adult approaching child) indicated that retarded children preferred greater distance from the approaching adult than did nonretarded children. This result raises the possibility that perception of lessened personal control by retarded children stimulated a stronger avoidance reaction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Biochemical and genetic studies of plasma and leukocyte alpha-L-fucosidase.

Deficiency of alpha-L-fucosidase in plasma and leukocytes has been demonstrated in three patients affected with fucosidosis. The measurement of plasma fucosidase activity alone is of little diagnostic value. Several normal individuals were found to have extremely low plasma alpha-L-fucosidase activity, but normal activity in leukocyte preparations. The low plasma enzyme activity exhibited by clinically normal individuals appears to be an inherited characteristic. The plasma enzyme was found to be different from that of leukocytes in terms of electrophoretic mobility.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Comparison of mental development in individuals with mosaic and trisomy 21 Down's syndrome.

During the past 15 years about 350 children with Down's syndrome have been seen at Children's Hospital of Los Angeles for psychological evaluation along with medical visits and other laboratory tests. Among this group there were 25 mosaic Down's syndrome children identified by chromosome analyses. They were matched for sex and chronological age with 25 trisomy 21 subjects and compared on psychological tests. The mosaic group demonstrated significantly higher intellectual potential, better verbal facility, and less visual perceptual difficulties than the trisomy 21 group. Their behavioral adjustment and personality characterisitcs were similar to those observed in other types of Down's syndrome. Since present psychological assessment techniques do not permit reaching valid conclusions about the ultimate intellectual status in very young infants with Down's syndrome, physicians and other professionals need to be careful when recommending early placement outside the home based merely upon the diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Differential effects of prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors on prostaglandin E2 binding and on prostaglandin- or cholera toxin-induced cyclic AMP accumulation in the rabbit uterus.

Cyclic 3',5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity in rabbit uterine homogenate was inhibited by indomethacin (10 mug/ml; 66% inhibition) or flufenamic and (10 mug/ml; 60%). Indomethacin (100 mug/ml) reduced uterine prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) content by 80%, but potentiated the stimulatory action of purified cholera toxin (choleragen; 800%) and of exogenous PGE2 (140%) on cyclic AMP accumulation, probably through its inhibitory effect on cyclic AMP destruction. These findings suggest that endogenous PGE2 is not an essential mediator of choleragen action. By contrast, flufenamic acid abolished choleragen and PGE2 action on cyclic AMP production. Unlabeled PGE2 (10 mug/ml), flufenamic acid, indomethacin, and aspirin (100 mug/ml each) inhibited [3H]PGE2 binding to uterine slices by 78, 73, 62, and 20% respectively. It is concluded that while indomethacin and flufenamic acid have similar effects on prostaglandin biosynthesis and PDE activity, only fenamates have an inhibitory effect on the biological action of exogenous PGE2 and choleragen on the stimulation of cyclic AMP production, probably through the inhibition of the binding of PGE2 and choleragen to its specific receptor sites. The diverse biochemical actions of the above drugs indicate that care has to be taken when using these drugs in analyzing the physiopathological roles of prostaglandins.

3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases↗