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Biomedical subjects

R Klose

Publications and source records attributed to R Klose.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Molecular cloning, expression analysis and assignment of the porcine tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 10 gene (TNFSF10) to SSC13q34-->q36 by fluorescence in situ hybridization and radiation hybrid mapping.

We have cloned the complete coding region of the porcine TNFSF10 gene. The porcine TNFSF10 cDNA has an ORF of 870 nucleotides and shares 85% identity with human TNFSF10, and 75% and 72% identity with rat and mouse Tnfsf10 coding sequences, respectively. The deduced porcine TNFSF10 protein consists of 289 amino acids with the calculated molecular mass of 33.5 kDa and a predicted pI of 8.15. The amino acid sequence similarities correspond to 86, 72 and 70% when compared with human, rat and mouse sequences, respectively. Northern blot analysis detected TNFSF10-specific transcripts (approximately 1.7 kb) in various organs of a 10-week-old pig, suggesting ubiquitous expression. Real-time RT-PCR studies of various organs from fetal (days 73 and 98) and postnatal stages (two weeks, eight months) demonstrated developmental and tissue-specific regulation of TNFSF10 mRNA abundance. The chromosomal location of the porcine TNFSF10 gene was determined by FISH of a specific BAC clone to metaphase chromosomes. This TNFSF10 BAC clone has been assigned to SSC13q34-->q36. Additionally, the localization of the TNFSF10 gene was verified by RH mapping on the porcine IMpRH panel.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2004

[Invasive techniques in emergency medicine. II. Preclinical thorax drainage--indications and technique].

The preclinical tension pneumothorax which even without technical support is easily recognizable, requires immediate decompression. However, there are a number of patients with thoracic injuries such as serial rib fractures or palpable skin emphysema which--in combination with a ventilator--may necessitate the insertion of a thoracic tube. In the preclinical setting this procedure usually only takes place in the ventilated patient. With patients who are respiratorily compensated and are breathing spontaneously, careful control and a conservative approach is advised even if pneumothorax is suspected.

Carbon Dioxide↗
PubMed2000

Mapping of a minimal apolipoprotein(a) interaction motif conserved in fibrin(ogen) beta - and gamma -chains.

Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is a major independent risk factor for atherothrombotic disease in humans. The physiological function(s) of Lp(a) as well as the precise mechanism(s) by which high plasma levels of Lp(a) increase risk are unknown. Binding of apolipoprotein(a) (apo(a)) to fibrin(ogen) and other components of the blood clotting cascade has been demonstrated in vitro, but the domains in fibrin(ogen) critical for interaction are undefined. We used apo(a) kringle IV subtypes to screen a human liver cDNA library by the yeast GAL4 two-hybrid interaction trap system. Among positive clones that emerged from the screen, clones were identified as fibrinogen beta- and gamma-chains. Peptide-based pull-down experiments confirmed that the emerging peptide motif, conserved in the carboxyl-terminal globular domains of the fibrinogen beta and gamma modules specifically interacts with apo(a)/Lp(a) in human plasma as well as in cell culture supernatants of HepG2 and Chinese hamster ovary cells, ectopically expressing apo(a)/Lp(a). The influence of lysine in the fibrinogen peptides and of lysine binding sites in apo(a) for the interaction was evaluated by binding experiments with apo(a) mutants and a mutated fibrin(ogen) peptid. This confirmed the lysine binding sites in kringle IV type 10 of apo(a) as the major fibrin(ogen) binding site but also demonstrated lysine-independent interactions.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2000

Molecular characterisation of congenital glaucoma in a consanguineous Canadian community: a step towards preventing glaucoma related blindness.

Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness in Canada. Congenital glaucoma usually manifests during the first years of life and is characterised by severe visual loss and autosomal recessive inheritance. Two disease loci, on chromosomes 1p36 and 2p21, have been associated with various forms of congenital glaucoma. A branch of a large six generation family from a consanguineous Amish community in south western Ontario was affected with congenital glaucoma and was studied by linkage and mutational analysis to identify the glaucoma related genetic defects. Linkage analysis using the MLINK component of the LINKAGE package (v 5.1) showed evidence of linkage to the 2p21 region (Zmax=3.34, theta=0, D2S1348 and D2S1346). Mutational analysis of the primary candidate gene, CYP1B1, was done by direct cycle sequencing, dideoxy fingerprinting analysis, and fragment analysis. Two different disease causing mutations in exon 3, 1410del13 and 1505G-->A, both segregated with the disease phenotype. The two different combinations of these alleles appeared to result in a variable expressivity of the phenotype. The compound heterozygote appeared to have a milder phenotype when compared to the homozygotes for the 13 bp deletion. The congenital glaucoma phenotype for this large inbred Amish family is the result of mutations in CYP1B1 (2p21). The molecular information derived from this study will be used to help identify carriers of the CYP1B1 mutation in this community and optimise the management of those at risk of developing glaucoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Technical aspects of telepathology with emphasis on future development.

Pathology undergoes presently changes due to new developments in diagnostic opportunities and cost saving efforts in health care. Out of the wide field of telepathology the paper selects three prototype applications: telepathology in teleeducation, expert advice for preselected details of a slide and finally telepathology for remote diagnosis. The most challenging field for remote diagnosis is the application in the frozen section scenario. The paper starts with the mental experiment to map conventional procedures to counterparts in telepathology. Technical opportunities and economical restrictions of telepathology equipment are discussed with respect to the components: electronic camera, display devices, haptic sensors and displays, available telecommunication channels and telepathology software. As an example and for illustration of the state of the art for an advanced telemicroscopy system able to perform remote frozen section diagnosis, the HISTKOM equipment is presented in more details. The section concerning future developments regards the aspects of the acceptance by tentative users, legal aspects, costs and affordability of equipment, the market for equipment components and the adequate telecommunication services. Further is regarded the mutual influence of properties of existing systems and application experiences gained with them on the next generation of equipment and application software. Conclusions and references close the paper.

Frozen Sections↗
PubMed2000

Genetic heterogeneity of the Coppock-like cataract: a mutation in CRYBB2 on chromosome 22q11.2.

PURPOSE: To identify the genetic defect for the Coppock-like cataract (CCL) affecting a Swiss family, which defect was unlinked to the chromosome 2q33-35 CCL locus. METHODS: A large family was characterized for linkage analysis by slit lamp examination or by the review of drawings made before cataract extraction. The affection status was attributed before genotyping, and the genotyping was masked to the affection status. Two-point and multipoint linkage analyses were performed using the MLINK and the LINKMAP components of the LINKAGE program package (ver. 5.1), respectively. Mutational analysis of candidate genes was performed by a combination of direct cycle sequencing and an amplification refractory mutation system assay. RESULTS: Ten individuals were affected with the CCL phenotype. The disease was autosomal dominant and appeared to be fully penetrant. A new CCL locus was identified on chromosome 22q11.2 within a 11.67-cM interval (maximum lod score [Zmax] = 4.14; theta = 0). Mutational analysis of the CRYBB2 candidate gene identified a disease-causing mutation in exon 6. This sequence change was identical with that previously described to be associated with the cerulean cataract, a clinically distinct entity. CONCLUSIONS: The CCL phenotype is genetically heterogeneous with a second gene on chromosome 22q11.2, CRYBB2. The CCL and the cerulean cataract are two distinct clinical entities associated with the same genetic defect. This work provides evidence for a modifier factor that influences cataract formation and that remains to be identified.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

European field tests with HISTKOM telepathology equipment.

HISTKOM telemicroscopy equipment for telepathology is designed for the most challenging application in telepathology: intraoperational frozen section diagnosis. Adapted to this application, it is also excellently suited for all other telepathology modes requesting less sophisticated equipment. The technical concept and user interface are oriented to routine daily pathology. HISTKOM underwent heavy field-tests at several locations. The field-tests designs and the results of five of these are reported in this paper. Telepathology will exploit its advantages in networks hosting participants requesting and offering services. The solution of the interoperability problem caused by different equipment from different suppliers within such a network will be a major task, the solution for which is in progress. The new generation of HISTKOM equipment and software is designed in a modularized concept, allowing the integration of various hardware components from different manufacturers; thus special configurations can be realized easily. HISTKOM is offered as complete turnkey system, but can also be installed in yet existing configurations of the customer if they meet specifications.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1998

Centerfire frangible ammunition: wounding potential and other forensic concerns.

Recently developed frangible ammunition of copper particulate construction in .38 Special, 9 mm, and .223 calibers was evaluated for wounding performance by firing into pigs' heads. The ability to match fired bullets with the corresponding gun was also examined. Results showed that wounds caused by 9-mm and .38 Special frangible bullets were comparable in severity to those caused by regular service ammunition of the same caliber. The recovered 9-mm and .38 Special bullets demonstrated class characteristics but not the individual rifling marks necessary for bullet-to-gun matching. High-velocity .223-caliber rifle bullets fragmented extensively within target tissues, causing severe wounding. Radiologic examination of resulting wounds showed images strikingly similar to the lead "snowstorm" picture caused by high-velocity hunting ammunition.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Ultrasound diagnosis of acute rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament. An experimental and clinical study].

In an experimental study on 20 cadaver knee joints we found examined the ventral translation of the tibial head, which is otherwise shown by the Lachmann test, by dorsal sonography. These examinations were performed in knees in which arthroscopical examination had confirmed intact ACL. After endoscopical partial and complete rupture of the ACL the examinations were repeated. Radiological examination was performed as a reference method. In a sonographically standardized clinical study of 243 traumatized knee joints the ventral translation of the tibial head was evaluated. In all knee joints examined an arthroscopy or arthrotomy was performed. In 56% a rupture of the ACL was verified. There was a positive correlation between translation of the tibial head by 3 mm or more compared with the non-injured side and a rupture of the ACL (sensitivity 0.95; specificity 0.98). The dynamic sonographic technique is a simple and highly sensitive specific diagnostic method that can be used to quantify the results found on clinical examination.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

[The effect of adding clonidine to mepivacaine. Axillary brachial plexus blockade].

Clonidine (Cl) added to local anaesthetics (LA) prolongs the duration of both anaesthesia and analgesia after peripheral nerve blocks. In this study, we investigated the dose-dependent effect of Cl added to mepivacaine (M) on clinical efficacy, onset, and regression time of brachial plexus block. METHODS. Ninety patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups. Every patient received 46 ml of a mixture containing 400 mg M (pH adjusted with NaHCO3 to 7.25) and either 0.9% NaCl (group A), 0.12 mg Cl (group B), or 0.24 mg Cl (group C). The axillary block was performed using the catheter technique. In a double-blind fashion, the onset of sensory and motor blockade was tested every 5 min for 30 min. Duration of anaesthesia, analgesia, and motor blockade (time between injection and return of sensation, onset of pain, or ability to move, respectively) was assessed using a questionnaire. M plasma levels were measured by HPLC in 10 patients from each group for up to 120 min. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and respiratory rate (RR) were measured for up to 120 min. Sedation was assessed using a verbal rating scale. RESULTS. There was no difference in the onset of blockade. There was dose-dependent prolongation of the duration of anaesthesia, analgesia, and motor blockade with significant differences between groups C and A regarding all three parameters, between groups C and B regarding duration of anaesthesia, and between groups B and A regarding duration of analgesia. There was no significant difference in M plasma levels. Although there was only a slight but significant decrease in mean BP values in groups B+C and no difference in HR and RR, 2 patients (1 group B, 1 group C) had marked decreases in BP and HR (less than 70 mmHg systolic resp. less than 50/min) after 120 and 210 min. Sedation occurred in most patients receiving Cl. CONCLUSIONS. Addition of Cl to LA produces a dose-dependent prolongation of anaesthesia, analgesia, and motor blockade. Neither the onset time nor the number of patients with adequate surgical anaesthesia was influenced by Cl. Considering the M plasma levels, it is unlikely that the prolongation of the block is caused by local vasoconstriction, which is proposed to be the mechanism of action of epinephrine. The mean differences in haemodynamic parameters were not of clinical relevance, but the two dramatic drops in BP and HR, probably caused by Cl, were significant.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Alkalinization of mepivacaine for axillary plexus anesthesia using a catheter].

One disadvantage of perivascular axillary block using a catheter technique is delayed temporal development of the blockade. Some clinical studies have concluded that pH-adjusted solutions of local anesthetics produce a more rapid onset of blockade. Alkalinization of mepivacaine for brachial block produced conflicting results. In the present study, we attempted to define the effect of alkalinization of mepivacaine 1% on clinical efficacy, onset, and regression in patients undergoing upper extremity surgery with axillary block using the catheter technique. METHODS. Sixty consecutive adult patients (ASA I-II) scheduled for upper extremity surgery under axillary block, were randomly assigned to one of two groups. In a double-blind fashion, 30 patients received 40 ml 1% mepivacaine, the pH of which had been raised to 7.25 by adding 4 ml 8.4% NaHCO3, and 30 received 40 ml commercially prepared 1% mepivacaine hydrochloride solution containing 4 ml 0.9% NaCl (pH 6.0). All patients received axillary block using the catheter technique. After placement of the block, a blinded observer tested sensory and motor blockade after 2 min, 5 min and then every 5 min for 30 min in each of the terminal nerves of the brachial plexus. Sensory blockade was determined by pinprick and graded in accordance with the scale proposed by Hollmèn: 0: Normal sensation of pinprick. 1: pinprick felt as sharp-pointed but weaker compared with the same area in the other upper extremity. 2: Pinprick recognized as touch with a blunt object. 3: No perception of touch. The gradation of motor blockade was 0: normal muscular function; 1: slight depression in muscular function compared with preanesthetic strength; 2: very weak action persisting in muscles; and 3: complete block. The results for each group were compared at every time interval. Duration of blockade was compared by evaluating the rate of regression within the first 2 h after placement of the block in each group. Mepivacaine plasma levels were measured by HPLC in 10 patients of each group prior to injection and 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 60, and 120 min thereafter. Statistical comparison was made using the chi 2 and t tests. Differences were considered statistically significant when P-values were less than 0.05. RESULTS. The bicarbonate and saline groups were similar with respect to age, height, weight, and sex distribution. Significantly more patients in the bicarbonate group showed onset of motor blockade (grade 1) after 2 min with respect in the axillary, musculocutaneous, radial, and median nerves as well as onset of sensory blockade in the same nerves with a significant difference in blockade of the radial nerve. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1990

An experimental model for pelviscopic tubal anastomoses.

An endoscopic technique for tubal anastomosis has been developed in a rat uterine horn model. Uterine segments were anastomosed endoscopically in a training device for surgical pelviscopy ('Pelvitrainer') by fibrin glue, using an inlaying splint as a guide. The anastomoses were accomplished by a seromuscular 6-0 suture at the anti-mesenteric border. Morphological studies revealed good patency of the anastomosed segments without stenoses or occlusions. The tissue continuity was good. In only two cases out of the 20 studied was a tapering of the uterine wall found adjacent to the anastomosis. It is concluded that this endoscopic technique for tubal anastomosis presents a useful alternative to classical microsurgical reversal of sterilization by laparotomy.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗