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Biomedical subjects

R Kinoshita

Publications and source records attributed to R Kinoshita.

34 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Chronic hepatitis B: correlation between viral replication and clinical course.

Twenty carriers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) were followed for two to seven years, and their histologic progression was correlated with HBV core-associated DNA polymerase (DNAP) activity as a marker of viral replication. Seventeen patients were divided into two groups according to their pattern of viral replication: group 1, consistently high levels of DNAP; group 2, low levels of DNAP. Chronic persistent hepatitis predominated in group 1; chronic active hepatitis predominated in group 2. The three remaining patients were consistently negative for DNAP. In two patients in group 2, prominent viral replication preceded a transient increase in transaminase levels, as in acute hepatitis. Although groups 1 and 2 were distinct in their patterns of viral replication, they did not differ significantly in histologic progression. Thus, viral replication is related, at least in part, to hepatic cell necrosis but does not correlate closely with progression to liver cirrhosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Indirect hyperbilirubinemia in HBV carriers.

Indirect hyperbilirubinemia without any other abnormalities of liver function tests was seen in 14.3% in HBV carriers and 1.2% in controls in the previous study. In order to clarify the mechanism of hyperbilirubinemia in HBV carriers, 33 HBV carriers with normal liver functions regardless of hyperbilirubinemia and with no past history of acute hepatitis were investigated clinically. Most of HBV carriers with indirect hyperbilirubinemia revealed any other abnormalities of liver functions during the over 2 years observation. Histological examinations of 4 HBV carriers with hyperbilirubinemia presented no evidence of obvious hepatitis. There was no significant correlation between bilirubin, ICG and/or BSP clearance in HBV carriers with hyperbilirubinemia. The above mentioned facts suggest that indirect hyperbilirubinemia in HBV carriers was not caused by organic changes of hepatocytes but might be the results of, at least in part, its functional disturbances. Family studies of HBV carriers with hyperbilirubinemia suggested that some but not all the HBV carriers with indirect hyperbilirubinemia might not have a genetic background in common with patients with Gilbert's syndrome. The persistent infection of HBV in hepatocytes might play an important role of metabolic derangement of bilirubin and make a constitutional defect of bilirubin metabolism manifest.

Bilirubin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Single photon emission computed tomography in children with idiopathic seizures.

Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with N-isopropyl-p[123I]-iodoamphetamine (IMP), X-ray computed tomography (X-CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed in 20 children with idiopathic seizures. In children with idiopathic seizures, SPECT could detect the abnormal sites at the highest rate (45%) compared with CT (10%) and MRI (12%), but the abnormal sites on SPECT correlated poorly with the foci on electroencephalograph (EEG). Idiopathic epilepsy with hypoperfusion on SPECT was refractory to treatment and was frequently associated with mental and/or developmental retardation. Perfusion defects on SPECT scans probably affect the development and maturation of the brain in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

SPECT evaluation of simulated white matter lesions: experimental study using a brain phantom.

An experimental study using a brain phantom was performed to evaluate the detectability of simulated white matter lesions on two types of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) systems. A ring-type SPECT system with high spatial resolution was able to demonstrate these lesions in the white matter, while a widely used general-purpose single-head rotating gamma camera failed to show them. The detectability of white matter lesions was decreased by photons scattered from the highly radioactive gray matter and the poor spatial resolution of the SPECT system. In order to improve the detectability of white matter lesions it is important to apply scatter correction and improve the spatial resolution of the SPECT system. Brain phantom studies made it easier to interpret white matter lesions that were difficult to interpret on the basis of clinical images alone, and the knowledge acquired from the brain phantom study will contribute to the interpretation of clinical images.

Brain↗