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Biomedical subjects

R Khalil

Publications and source records attributed to R Khalil.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Behavior and mental activity disorders after carbon monoxide poisoning. Bilateral pallidal lesions].

Two patients who had suffered severe carbon monoxide intoxication showed lasting neuropsychologic sequelae: 1) deep inertia involving the whole behaviour and expressed by an almost complete lack of activity if not induced by someone else; a mental gap when the patients were left to themselves and a tendency to give up the mental activity when stimuli ceased; an apparent affective indifference connected with a lack of spontaneous expression of the affects; 2) pseudo-obsessionnal activities: coprolalia with sexual themes in one patient, obsessive collecting and tidying up activities in the other one. Neurologic examination was normal, particularly no parkinsonian syndrome was present. CT scans showed bilateral pallidal low density areas. Both patients had moderate intellectual impairment in psychometric tests and amnestic disorders. There is a possible relationship between memory and cognitive impairment and mental inertia. The onset of pseudo-obsessional signs following basal ganglia lesions is emphasized. The central semeiological fact seems to be a disorder of the initiation and the carrying on of any external action as well as mental activity itself. This may be related with the activity disorders represented at a more elementary level by motion impairment in parkinsonian akinesia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Alexander's disease in an adult].

A 34-year-old man developed cerebellar symptoms, palatal myoclonus and spastic paraparesis progressing over several months. During this period, acute respiratory failure occurred in two instances with evidence of central chronic hypoventilation. CT scan showed enlargement of the frontal horns and posterior fossa cisterns. Post mortem examination revealed the following features: 1) Rosenthal's fibers widespread throughout the CNS but especially in subependymal regions; 2) bilateral white matter cavitations involving the frontal lobes, hilum of dentate nuclei and bulbar pyramids; 3) microscopic pseudogliomatous foci present in several sites, especially in the fornix and midbrain tegmentum; 4) the medulla and high cervical spinal cord showed "peripheral type" myelin fibers along with Schwann cell proliferation in aberrant intra-parenchymal situation. The relationship of this case--as well as the few previous adult reports--to the well-defined infantile Alexander's disease is discussed. The possible hamartomatous nature of both glial changes and aberrant myelin production is emphasized. These various lesions, including Rosenthal fiber formation, are assumed to result from a similar--probably dysontogenetic--pathophysiological mechanism. It is suggested that Alexander's disease, in this case, should be classified among phakomatoses rather than enzymopathic leukodystrophies.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Striatonigral degeneration associated with olivopontocerebellar atrophy. Anatomo-clinical study of 3 cases. Nosologic discussion].

Results of a clinicopathologic study in 3 cases of nigrostriatal degeneration associated with olivopontocerebellar atrophy are reported. The clinical picture was primarily that of parkinsonism but associated disorders were atypical: sphincter and deglutition disorders, pyramidal signs and action myoclonia; paralysis of vertical gaze (with a deficit of convergence in 1 case) and a cerebellar syndrome in 2 cases; postural hypotension with an invariable pulse, amyotrophy of the hands and a paradoxical response to Dopa: worsening of akineto-hypertonic symptomatology and deglutition disorders in 1 case. Pathologic examination showed similar lesions in the 3 cases: atrophy with pigmentation of the putamen and changes in the substantia nigra, associated with evidence of olivopontocerebellar degeneration. There was marked loss of neurones in the intermediolateral tract in the cord of the patient with the Shy and Drager's syndrome. All cases reported of this abiotrophic association have been of a sporadic nature. The predominance of females, the age of onset and duration of the disease are features that do not differ much from those of pure nigrostriatal degenerative disorders. These cases cannot therefore be considered as a pathological entity but as a particular form of degeneration affecting multiple systems.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Clinical, CT scan and neuropathologic findings. Apropos of 4 cases].

Four cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopaty are reported, 3 of them with an ultrastructural study and 2 with a C.T. scan study. In 2 cases, there were no other associated pathological condition. In 1 case chronic alcoholism only was present; in the last case a primitive hemochromatosis with a prevailing hepatic dysfunction was evidenced. In 2 of these cases, the initial clinical picture was made of mental disorders while it was made of a progressive left hemiparesis in one case and of a brain stem syndrome in the other case. The results of neuroradiological and isotopical investigations remained negative throughout the evolution in the 4 cases except for some C.T. scan abnormalities. Indeed, in 2 cases the C.T. scan evidenced brain lesions identified as large demyelinated areas. These were low density areas non altered by contrast and unaccompanied by any mass effect. These areas were not seen when the first clinical signs were present and thus, normality of C.T. scan appears not to allow infirmation of the diagnosis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. In the 4 cases the pathological study showed characteristic lesions of the white matter. Mononucleated cells inflammatory infiltration was observed at the periphery of the demyelinizated regions. This may be related with the primitive aspect of these cases. An ultrastructural study was performed in 3 cases: viral inclusions were present not only in the nucleus of oligodendrocytes but also in their cytoplasm and in some astrocytes.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Clinical and pathological study of a peculiar form of tuberculous meningitis: diagnostic and therapeutic problems (author's transl)].

The authors report a case of tuberculous meningitis in which multiple bacteriological samples were negative during the eleven months of the clinical course. There were no other visceral localizations. The fatal outcome was due to vascular lesions (multiple cerebral infarcts), and to CSF flow disorders. The findings of cranial computerized axial tomography and of the pathological examination are reported.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Proliferative and functional aspects of interferon-treated human normal and neoplastic T and B cells.

Previous studies have shown that normal as well as neoplastic B-cell lines vary substantially in their response to the antiproliferative effects of human interferon (HIF). In this study we took advantage of a recent method to generate long-term continuous normal T-cell cultures (CTC) to investigate the effects of HIF on proliferating lymphoid cells. Normal CTC proved to be resistant to inhibition of proliferation; up to 1000 u HIF had little effect on [3H] TdR uptake, and up to 2000 u HIF had little effect on cell-cycle progression, measured by flow cytometry. Proliferating normal B cells were also resistant to the antiproliferative effect. Nor did up to 500 m HIF inhibit RNA synthesis or immunoglobulin biosynthesis of normal B cells. In contrast, a neoplastic myeloma B cell, a Burkitt's lymphoma cell and a neoplastic leukaemic T cell showed marked inhibition of [3H] TdR uptake and cell cycle progression with as little as 5 u HIF. These results suggest that amounts of HIF sufficient to inhibit proliferation of some neoplastic lymphoid cells have little effect on T- and B-cell proliferation and differentiation of normal B lymphocytes.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1980

[Status epilepticus and multiple sclerosis (author's transl)].

Status epilepticus was a complicating feature of the last bout before the fatal outcome in a patient with a 11 years history of multiple sclerosis. The fits were seen as clonic movements of the eyes in a lateral direction, lasting for 30 to 90 seconds and repeated every 5 minutes on average. Electroencephalographic recordings demonstrated periodic slow spikes on the right hemisphere, starting in the anterior region. Neuropathological data eliminated an associated pathological condition and suggested that the development of acute cortico-subcortical demyelinating lesions was responsible of the epilepsy. The type of electrical activity observed, localized to one hemisphere, is found with recent ischemic lesions, and less frequently in cases of cerebral tumor, necrotizing encephalitis, metabolic encephalopathies or post traumatic disorders. A case with similar clinical and electroencephalographic features in a patient with multiple sclerosis has been reported in the literature.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Cerebral neuroblastoma in the adult. Clinical and C.T. scan aspects (author's transl)].

The case of a thirty two years old patient with a frontal syndrome developing over the last three years is reported. CT scan showed a large calcified lesion, situated on the median line enhanced by iodine. The patient was operated. Ultrastructural and histologie studies concluded that it the tumor was a neuroblastoma. After operation an unquestionable amelioration of the frontal disorders appeared. Facial paralysis with a inverse automatic-voluntary dissociation and an underuse of motricity, both left-sided, after cortectomy of the right-sided premotor area were observed. We therefore suggest that the lesion of the external premotor cortex was responsible of the facial paralysis with an inverse automatic voluntary dissociation and of the underuse the left side.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Arterial vascularization of the retrochiasmatic optic tract in man: recent data].

The authors study the arterial vascularisation of the retro chiasmatic optic tracts in man by means of total or selective arterial injections on 200 brain specimens. They underline the important vascularisation of the optic tracts, the lateral geniculate body and the first part of the optic radiations contrasting with the precarious vascularization of the latero-ventricular part of the optic radiations. The importance of the Sylvian contribution is noted at the origin of the optic radiations and on the occipital cortex level.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[NEOLOGISMS AND MOTOR APHASIA. (Afferent pathology?)].

The authors describe a case of post-traumatic aphasia in a 39-year-old man. The linguistic disturbances were marked by the unusual association of oral expression consisting mainly of neologisms, normal comprehension and almost normal written expression. A physiological interpretation based on disturbance of treatment of the sensory afferent nerves from the bucco-phonator organs is suggested to account for the neologisms in this particular form of aphasia.

Adult↗