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Biomedical subjects

R Kanungo

Publications and source records attributed to R Kanungo.

34 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Role of abdominal drains in perforated duodenal ulcer patients: a prospective controlled study.

BACKGROUND: Duodenal ulcer perforation is a common emergency in south India, with about 100-120 cases being treated at Jawaharalal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research each year. The routine to date has been to leave two tube drains: one in the Morrison's pouch and one in the pelvis after omental patch closure. This study was conducted to test the efficacy and safety of drain usage routinely after duodenal ulcer perforation closure with Roscoe Graham omental patch technique. METHODS: In this prospective controlled study, 44 patients formed the test group (without drains) and 75 patients formed the control group (with abdominal drainage). Only patients of perforated duodenal ulcer closed with Roscoe Graham omental patch technique were included in the study. The incidence of postoperative fever, wound infection, time for return of bowel function and duration of hospital stay were noted. Details of drainage noted were the mean amount of daily drainage, mean time of drain removal and occurrence of drain-related complications. Peritoneal fluid, wound discharges, drain tips and drain wounds were cultured. Abdominal ultrasound was performed in all patients in the second postoperative week or if earlier indicated to detect intra-abdominal collections. RESULTS: It was found that there was no difference in incidence or duration of postoperative pyrexia, return of bowel function or postoperative hospital stay between the two groups. Routine use of drains was not effective in preventing postoperative fluid collection nor in decreasing the incidence of intra-abdominal abscesses. The migration of bacteria from the exterior to the peritoneal cavity via the drain was also demonstrated. Drains were found to cause morbidity including intestinal obstruction. CONCLUSION: The routine use of drains was found to be neither safe nor effective in patients of perforated duodenal ulcer treated by omental patch closure.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Detection of antipneumolysin in invasive childhood pneumococcal infections.

Antibody levels against pneumolysin, a virulence factor in pneumococcal infections were evaluated by a neutralization test, using crude pneumolysin. A study population of 28 hospitalised children with culture proven pneumococcal meningitis and pneumonia were tested for detection of antipneumolysin antibodies in their serum. Results were compared with age and sex matched controls who were admitted with infections other than pneumococcal. Geometric mean titer (GMT) of antipneumolysin in serum of patients with pneumococcal infections showed a significant difference when compared with controls, GMT of 196.1 and 185.2 were noted in patients with meningitis and pneumonia respectively, in contrast to a titer of 40.32 among controls. A difference of more than 4-fold antibody titers between patients and controls was considered significant. Detection of antipneumolysin in serum can therefore be considered as a useful laboratory investigation in diagnosing invasive pneumococcal infections.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1999

Bacterial contamination of anterior chamber during IOL surgery.

PURPOSE: To study the nature and frequency of bacterial contamination during cataract surgery. METHODS: The preoperative smears from the conjunctiva and anterior chamber (AC) fluid aspirates during extra-capsular cataract surgery (ECCE) with posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL) implantation in 40 eyes were analysed for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Any change in the bacterial strains isolated before and after cataract surgery was also studied. RESULTS: AC fluid aspirates were positive for bacteria in 15 eyes (37.5%). Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was the most common aerobe (39.4%) and Propionibacterium acnes the most common anaerobe. Of the 15 cases with positive AC fluid cultures, 6 showed an organism in the AC aspirate different from the conjunctival smear. CONCLUSION: Clinically there was no endophthalmitis in any of the eyes. Factors such as preoperative antibiotic use, the antibacterial properties of aqueous, or low inoculum size could explain this. The preoperative conjunctival smear may not be useful in predicting the AC fluid contamination or outcome of cataract surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Corneal phaeohyphomycosis due to Exserohilum rostratum. A case report and brief review.

We report a rare case of corneal phaeohyphomycosis due to Exserohilum rostratum following organic trauma. A known cause of cutaneous and subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis, this fungus has been very rarely associated with infections of the eye. Being a plant pathogen, along with other saprophytic dematiaceous fungi the possible role in keratomycosis is discussed.

Cornea↗
PubMed1995

Use of serum bactericidal activity in assessing previous antibiotic therapy in acute lower respiratory tract infection in children.

Bactericidal activity in sera of children with acute lower respiratory tract infection was assayed to determine its effect on the outcome of blood culture. Parental reporting of prior antibiotic therapy was also determined. 14.4% of samples without serum bactericidal activity yielded pathogens from blood culture, whereas only 2.4% of samples with serum bactericidal activity yielded pathogens. A statistically significant correlation was found between isolation of pathogens by blood culture and serum bactericidal activity. Parental reporting could not be relied upon as there was no positive correlation.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

Primary disseminated fusarial infection.

Among the fungal pathogens the species Fusariam solani causing systemic infection is very rare and generally causes systemic infection only in an immuno-compromised host. We report a systemic infection caused by F. solani in a non-immunocompromised adult male, to our knowledge the first such case report.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Multiply resistant Haemophilus influenzae type b causing meningitis.

The isolation from patients of meningitis, of two multidrug resistant strains of H. influenzae is of relevance to the empirical treatment of meningitis patients. The isolates produced beta lactamase and had higher MICs as compared to the four H. influenzae strains sensitive to the drugs commonly used for the treatment of meningitis. The cephalosporins and gentamicin were found to be effective antibiotic agents. The occurrence of resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, cloxacillin, cotrimoxazole, tetracycline, penicillin and erythromycin is of concern.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1991

Spectrum of oculomycosis in South India.

Ninety-one consecutive cases of proven oculomycosis were studied in relation to clinical features and epidemiological parameters. Mycotic corneal ulcers formed the major group (76%), followed by endophthalmitis (20%). Aspergillus was the common causative fungus (36%) in keratomycosis followed by Penicillium species (29%). Fusarium keratomycosis was not as common as reported in the literature. In endophthalmitis there was preponderance of Penicillium as the causative fungus. These etiological agents are studied in comparison with studies of conjunctival flora of healthy controls and culture studies of common objects of trauma. Mycotic endophthalmitis was seen following cataract surgery in 64% of cases. Contrary to expectations the onset of endophthalmitis was within 2 weeks of surgery in most cases. Trauma with organic matter was an important predisposing factor in keratomycosis. These observations are discussed in relation to the clinical features. Other unusual forms of oculomycosis are also discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Acridine orange staining in early diagnosis of mycotic keratitis.

We have assessed the comparative sensitivities of acridine orange staining and 10% potassium hydroxide wet mount in the examination of corneal scrapings from one hundred and sixty-one clinically suspected cases of mycotic keratitis. The sensitivity of acridine orange was found to be 76% as compared to that of potassium hydroxide (65%). The predictive value for culture result was also seen to be higher. Although both the values were not statistically significant (P greater than 0.05), acridine orange staining was a rapid and simple technique with an added advantage of detecting inflammatory cells in corneal scrapings.

Acridine Orange↗
PubMed1990

Counter immuno electrophoresis for the early diagnosis of acute pyogenic meningitis.

A total of 123 cases of acute pyogenic meningitis were studied to investigate whether counter current immunoelectrophoresis (CIEP) would facilitate rapid etiological diagnosis when used with other routine methods in a clinical bacteriology laboratory. Of the 123 cases, 53 (43.08 percent) were culture positive. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the commonest etiological agent accounting for 30 (56.6 percent) of the isolates. There were four isolates of Haemophilus influenzae and one of Neisseria meningitidis. High rates of isolation were found from turbid CSF samples, those showing a high polymorphonuclear cellular reaction and from those with a high protein and a low sugar level. CIEP detected antigen in 50 percent of cases of Haemophilus influenzae and 76.7 percent of cases of Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinico-bacteriological study of neonatal conjunctivitis.

Perinatal risk factors and bacteriological profile of conjunctivitis were studied among 245 newborns delivered at JIPMER Hospital between July 1986 and June 1988. Maternal and neonatal factors like lack of antenatal care, presence of adverse intrapartum factors, operative deliveries, birth asphyxia, pre-maturity and prolonged hospital stay significantly increased the chances of developing conjunctivitis (P less than 0.001). Bacteria were recovered from 163 (66.5%) cases. Staphylococcus was the commonest pathogenic bacteria isolated, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Neisseria gonorrhoeae was isolated in only one case. Most of the organisms showed in vitro sensitivity to chloramphenicol, gentamycin and tetracycline. All the cases responded to topical chloramphenicol except three which required systemic antibiotics. No complications were observed. The identification and appropriate management of high risk pregnancies with minimal hospital stay can reduce the incidence of neonatal conjunctivitis.

Conjunctivitis↗