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Biomedical subjects

R K Winkelmann

Publications and source records attributed to R K Winkelmann.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Involutional lipoatrophy: macrophage-related involution of fat lobules.

Involutional lipoatrophy is an apparent idiopathic lipoatrophy with characteristic histopathologic features. We report a patient with a distant history of intramuscular injections and subsequent typical involutional lipoatrophy in whom macrophage invasion of the fat was prominent. Light microscopy revealed small, thin lobules of fat with focally prominent blood vessels and a variably hyaline background. Macrophages containing granular acid mucopolysaccharide material were present in direct apposition to lipocytes, around involuting lobules and between collagen fibers in the neighboring dermis. Focal deposits of iron were observed. Electron-microscopic examination revealed macrophages abutting lipocytes and containing lipid droplets, clear vacuoles and lysosomes in varying proportions. Lipocytes varied in size. The lipid appeared normal in most, but scattered cells contained electron-dense granules or needle-shaped clefts within the lipid. We speculate that previous injections in our patient stimulated a macrophage response, with subsequent regression of lipocytes of the neighboring fat lobules.

Adipocytes↗
PubMed1994

Successful treatment response of granuloma annulare and carpal tunnel syndrome to chlorambucil.

We describe a 62-year-old woman in whom skin biopsies verified the clinical diagnosis of granuloma annulare and neurologic and electromyographic studies confirmed the neurologic diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome. Short-term treatment with a low dose of chlorambucil taken orally was prescribed. Within weeks, the granuloma annulare had disappeared, and the clinical symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome had resolved. Electromyography showed variable improvement at the end of treatment and resolution at 9-month follow-up. Our case confirms that short-term treatment of granuloma annulare and associated carpal tunnel syndrome with low-dose chlorambucil is successful.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome↗
PubMed1994

Fatal systemic cytophagic histiocytic panniculitis: a histopathologic and immunohistochemical study of multiple organ sites.

The presence of hemocytophagic histiocytosis within subcutaneous tissue has been termed "cytophagic histiocytic panniculitis" (CHP). CHP may occur as a feature of hematopoietic malignancies or infections, particularly viral. In some patients with CHP, an underlying illness cannot be identified. We describe a young man with a rapidly fatal systemic illness characterized by CHP. Lymphoma was not present, and an infectious agent could not be identified. Immunohistochemical stains of tissue obtained at autopsy from multiple organ sites confirmed the presence of histiocytes and T lymphocytes within adipose tissue.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1994

Basal cell carcinoma on the lower extremity.

From 1987 to 1990, 21 of 648 patients with basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) had their lesion located on the leg. Basal cell carcinomas in this location are uncommon. Women outnumbered men by 1.6:1. The majority of patients had types I and II skin. Most reported residence in the southwestern United States for many years. Recreational sun exposure was extensive and dominated by activities in which exposure of the legs was common. Most lesions were recognized clinically and located on the anterior lower leg. The most frequent histologic description was superficial BCC. Treatment was with electrodesiccation and curettage or excision.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Localized scleroderma associated with Borrelia burgdorferi infection. Clinical, histologic, and immunohistochemical observations.

BACKGROUND: Recent reports have implicated Borrelia burgdorferi infection as a possible cause of localized scleroderma (LS). OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to describe the clinical, histologic, and immunopathologic features of patients with LS who had serum antibodies to B. burgdorferi. METHODS: Ten patients were examined clinically and by routine microscopy. Biopsy specimens from seven patients were studied immunohistochemically with monoclonal antibodies. The proliferative response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to B. burgdorferi was investigated in seven patients by lymphocyte proliferation assay. RESULTS: Seven patients had plaque-type morphea, and three patients had linear scleroderma. Two patients had a history of previous erythema migrans. One patient had coexistent acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans, and in two patients lichen sclerosus et atrophicus was observed. Histologically, a prominent inflammatory phase with sclerosis of the connective tissue was shown in all patients. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that the inflammatory infiltrates consisted of both B and T lymphocytes, predominantly of the CD4+ subset. All 10 patients had strongly elevated serum antibodies to B. burgdorferi. Patients with LS showed significantly elevated lymphoproliferative responses to B. burgdorferi when compared with healthy control subjects. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that some cases of LS are linked to Borrelia infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Pseudosclerodermatous panniculitis after irradiation: an unusual complication of megavoltage treatment of breast carcinoma.

An unusual edematous and indurated erythema developed in four patients with breast carcinoma 1 to 6 months after conservative surgical treatment and irradiation. The radiation therapy consisted of megavoltage x-ray photon with or without either electron beam or iridium-192 interstitial boost. Several tissue biopsy specimens revealed pronounced lymphocytic dermal and fat inflammation in conjunction with focal areas of plasma cells. The connective tissue bundles were enlarged and hyalinized. Macrophages and isolated giant cells were noted in the dermis. One biopsy specimen showed elastic tissue in giant cell cytoplasm. No mucin, fibrin, formation of cysts, or calcification was present. Lipophages and hyaline connective tissue replaced some fat lobules. The radiation-induced changes of dilated and hyalinized blood vessels, endothelial cell hyperplasia, fibrosis associated with involution of epidermal appendages, and fibroblasts were present. This combination of radiation-related and inflammatory pathologic changes is unusual and emphasizes the remarkable qualities of this rare reaction. The clinical differential diagnoses of recurrent carcinoma, cellulitis, and connective tissue disease can be excluded by reviewing the pathologic characteristics.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Comparison of the pathology of fascia in eosinophilic myalgia syndrome patients and idiopathic eosinophilic fasciitis.

The L-tryptophan eosinophilic myalgia syndrome (EMS) clinically has some similarities with idiopathic eosinophilic fasciitis (EF). In order to study the pathology of both syndromes, we analyzed 21 biopsies of patients with EMS and 8 with idiopathic EF. In both diseases there is dermal and fascial mucin and dermal edema, but this was more common in EMS. EMS is also characterized by dilated lymphatics, dermal and septal sclerosis and macrophage-rich inflammation. Neural inflammation was seen in 4 of the cases with EMS and in none with idiopathic EF. In both syndromes, there are many histopathological similarities. The differences may be due to sampling and to sample size. The nerve lesions of EMS may result from the nature of lymphocyte-macrophage inflammation, or the effect of the eosinophil neurotoxin and may not be a primary event.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1993

Treatment of lichen planus.

Lichen planus is an inflammatory pruritic dermatosis in which T lymphocytes attack the basal epidermis, producing characteristic clinical and histological lesions. Mild cases can be treated successfully with rest, topical corticosteroids with or without wet dressings, or occlusion. Severe generalised cases may require systemic corticosteroids. Chronic, aggressive lesions may need additional therapy ranging from psoralen plus ultraviolet A (PUVA) to retinoids or cyclosporin. Complications ranging from infectious, bullous disease or ulceration require special treatment considerations.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1993

[Granuloma annulare and carpal tunnel syndrome].

This is a report of 4 cases of cutaneous granuloma annulare associated with carpal-tunnel syndrome. Biopsies of skin lesions and carpal flexor synovialis both show a picture of palisading granuloma consistent with granuloma annulare.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma with myocardial lesions and nodular transformation of the liver.

A 73-year-old woman with a history of necrobiotic xanthogranuloma (NXG) with paraproteinemia died suddenly while hospitalized for bronchitis and congestive heart failure. At postmortem examination, myocardial lesions histologically typical of NXG were found. This is the fifth reported autopsy of a patient with NXG. In all five autopsied cases, and in two additional surgical cases, necrobiotic granulomas of internal viscera were present, and in three cases the myocardium was involved. In addition, our patient had nodular transformation of the liver, a rare lesion that was also reported in one of the previous autopsy cases with NXG.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Clinicopathologic spectrum of specific cutaneous lesions of disseminated coccidioidomycosis.

BACKGROUND: Disseminated coccidioidomycosis merits greater attention because the number of persons living and traveling in endemic areas is increasing. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to study the clinical and histopathologic findings in patients with specific cutaneous disseminated coccidioidomycosis. METHODS: In six patients with specific skin lesions of disseminated coccidioidomycosis, the diagnosis was confirmed by identification of the organism in tissue or by positive results of tissue culturing. RESULTS: Clinical lesions included solitary granulomatous plaques in two patients and multiple papular, nodular, or pustular lesions in four patients, two of whom also had subcutaneous abscesses. Identifying organisms directly in tissue was possible in only 8 of 17 biopsy specimens and in five of six patients. The histopathologic features showed various degrees of three primary patterns: (1) abscess formation with necrosis, (2) epithelial hyperplasia and granuloma formation with microabscesses, and (3) vascular and perivascular proliferative and inflammatory cell reactions at times suggesting vasculitis. Tissue eosinophilia, present in all patients, was striking in two (eosinophilic abscess formation) and notable in another (vascular inflammation with eosinophilia). CONCLUSION: Cutaneous manifestations of disseminated coccidioidomycosis may be more common and varied than usually recognized.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Primary B-cell lymphoma with histologic features of a T-cell neoplasm.

A 58-year-old white man had dermatomyositis and primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma. The cutaneous lymphoma was evidenced by a noduloulcerative disease of the lower extremities. Histologic results resembled a T-cell process with a diffuse, superficial infiltrate composed of small- and medium-sized lymphocytes with angioinvasion and epidermotropism. The infiltrate extended into the deep dermis and panniculus with scattered large lymphocytes and necrosis. With the help of gene-rearrangement analysis and immunophenotyping, the true B-cell lineage was discovered. The importance of gene-rearrangement analysis and immunophenotyping in the diagnosis of cutaneous lymphoma is emphasized.

Blotting, Southern↗
PubMed1992

Granulomatous slack skin: a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of three cases.

Three cases of granulomatous slack skin (GSS), a rare variant of T-cell lymphoma, are reported. Immunohistochemical studies using a panel of 16 antibodies were carried out on both frozen tissue and tissue embedded in paraffin wax to characterize the infiltrate. A routine immunoperoxidase technique was used to identify T cells (UCHL1, CD45R0), B cells (L26, 4KB5 [CD45R]), S100 protein-positive cells, monocytes/macrophages (Mac-387, KP1 [CD68]), and dermal dendrocytes (factor XIIIa) in paraffin sections. A close association was found between UCHL1-positive T cells and KP1-positive giant cells. A number of S100-positive cells and factor XIIIa-positive cells were present in the infiltrate from all three patients. The lymphocytes in two of the patients were predominantly of the helper T-cell phenotype. Giant cells from all three patients stained with KP1 (CD68) and Leu M3 (CD14). These studies confirm that the infiltrate in GSS is predominantly a T-cell disorder associated with monocyte-derived cells rather than with resident dendritic macrophages.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Erythema elevatum diutinum: a clinicopathological study.

Erythema elevatum diutinum is a syndrome of vasculitis in which lesions, typically over the extensor surfaces, showed a mixed inflammatory infiltrate on biopsy. We describe a series of 13 patients. The most common association in our series was with hypergammaglobulinemia; both mono and polyclonal. Chronic infection, not streptococcal, was a less frequent finding although two of three patients had a positive reaction to the intradermal injection of streptococcal antigen. Dapsone remains the initial treatment of choice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Persistent painful plaque due to a brown recluse spider bite.

The bite of the arthropod Loxosceles is known to cause subdermal hemorrhage, dermal-epidermal separation, inflammatory infiltrates, as well as occlusion and necrosis of small arterioles. We report a case of a brown recluse spider bite that presented as a chronic painful skin plaque, with the unusual histologic findings of a cutaneous and deep subcutaneous hyalinizing panniculitis and myonecrosis.

Atrophy↗
PubMed1992

Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma.

We reviewed 32 cases of necrobiotic xanthogranuloma and 16 cases from the world literature. Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma is a destructive dermal and subcutaneous xanthogranuloma that most frequently involves the face (periorbital region) and trunk. Monoclonal gammopathy is common (IgG-kappa in 23 cases and IgG-lambda in nine cases), and cryoglobulins have also been found. Low complement levels, anemia, and leukopenia are frequently present. Bone marrow examination shows plasma cell proliferation and, rarely, true myeloma. We describe mucosal, muscle, and systemic lesions, including xanthogranulomatous myocardial lesions. The clinical course is chronic and often progressive. Low-dose chlorambucil treatment is safe and effective, but individual patients have responded to treatment with corticosteroids, melphalan, local radiation, and plasma exchange.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1991

Epidermotropic eccrine porocarcinoma.

Three cases of epidermotropic eccrine porocarcinoma are summarized and compared with reported cases. All patients had a long-standing tumor on a lower extremity that rapidly metastasized to the skin and proximal lymph nodes. The histologic picture was consistent with an intraepidermal eccrine sweat gland carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗